HELLO! How are you? I hope you are doing great most especially in your academics.

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Please read this as you receive. This can help in the making of your research. Thank you. Stay safe always Boscoan. 
Reminder: If you are not yet done with your activities, please finish your activities 3, 4 and 5 this week. Then start doing your
proposal if you did not yet start anything. Find time to do your tasks.  I know you can do that! 
I know some of the parts of research are difficult to understand but please use the handout. I have indicated their examples.
Also, you can use the following examples below as your guide.
Chapter I The Problem and Its Background
Introduction /Background of the Study/Rationale (Please refer to the guide questions on your handout.)
Statement of the Problem (question format minimum of 3 SOP) / Objective of the Study (starts with “to” sample “to
examine”)
Significance of the Study (importance of your study, be specific, don’t forget to write the significance of your research to the
future researchers)
Scope and Delimitation (please refer to your handout)
Conceptual and Theoretical Framework (refer to the example below)
Research Paradigm (use the IPO model, refer to your handout)
Definition of Terms (big words in your study that need to be explained well, what is the meaning of that word in your study)
Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature (examines facts and principles from other resources that are related to the present study) refer to the
example below
Related Studies
Synthesis
Chapter III Research Methodology
Research Design (use descriptive or action research) sample descriptive ethnographic study
Respondents of the Study (who are your respondents, age? Location? Describe them)
Research Environment (the location of your research) be specific
Instruments of the Study (interview with interview questions)
Data Gathering Procedure (column 1 date, column 2 activity, column 3 person involved) tabular form
Treatment of Data (choose from content and thematic analysis) read the explanation on your handout
In the discussion of relevant theories for your Theoretical Framework, the following parts are mentioned:
1. Names/s of author/s
2. Title/s of their theory/ies
3. Theoretical statement or principles
4. Explanation of the theoretical statement
5. Relationships of the theory to the present study
Read the example below
Correlates of English Performance of Second Year Students in Selected High School
Congressional District II, Nueva Vizcaya (Valenton, 2009)
There are four theories on how children learn a language: behaviorism, linguistics, social interactionism, and the
neurobiological perspective (Vukelich, 2002). Only the theory of social interactionism (theory title) is adopted in this study.
Social interactionist theory does not come from either side of the nature or nurture debated. Rather, it acknowledges the influence of
genetics and parental teaching (theory statement). However, it shares with behaviorists the belief that the environment plays a central
role in children’s language development. Likewise, along with nativists, it poses the belief that children poses an innate predisposition
to learn language. Parents and teachers also support the children’s effort to learn language by focusing the child’s attention on objects
in the immediate environment and labeling each objects and its action. (Theory explanation)
This social interactionist theory was conceptualized in English language, since English is the Philippine’s second language. This
study assumed that English performance of second year high school students in terms of their English factors such as social
demographic, school, and home (relationship to the present study). Considering the generally recognized performance of students in
the achievement tests and poor command of the English language, this study aims to find out what influences their performance for
the school year 2008-2009.

Review of Related Literature

Skipping Breakfast of High School Students (Bascal, et al., 2o15)

On Eating Breakfast. Breakfast is often called the most important meal of the day (Henager, 2010). Eating Breakfast allows one’s body to
start day off right. With the right nutrients, your breakfast can be a great way to function properly. It is true that many students are
coming to schools without eating breakfast for various reasons or students are making poor nutritional choices at breakfast times for
many reasons including: not enough time in the morning, eating habits, and food preferences. According to Baley (2003), any of these
can lead to a lack of concentration at school or throughout the day or even weight issues in the future. Poor breakfast choices can be
blamed on education, historical developments, and income and social determinants. In addition, children who skip meals barely meet the
required dietary intake. This results to lethargy and difficulty in doing mental tasks (Bailey and Earl, 1993).
On the Types of Breakfast Prepared. Choosing the right breakfast foods is very important to make sure you get 1/3 of your daily nutrient
requirements. That is why you must realize that skipping meals is not a quick way to lose weight (Bailey, 1993). Creveling (2014) noted
that a morning meal will help you power through a workout, as compared to those who fasted until noon. Control of food choice like
starchy carbohydrate intake must be considered to avoid fat gains (Mehdi, 2009). Thus, one should adopt healthy habits such as regularly
exercising, eating healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
RELATED STUDIES (SAMPLE)
1.Name of the author/s, the date and setting of the study, 2. The title, 3. The findings, which are most important “ingredients” to include
since the discussion of the variables and their relationship/s will be based on them.
On the Spending Habits of Students (2015)
The study entitled “Let the Games Begin”: Gaming Technology and Entertainment among Students,” which was conducted by
Steve Jones, a professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Illinois at Chicago found out that there is a significant
impact of video games on young people’s lives. Through gaming, extra expenses are incurred by students. Another study by Rosenthal
(1989) when she studied how and where the male and females students spend their money, she found out that female are more interested
in social activities than males. Also, female have significantly higher interest than males in hobbies, social funs and trips, and church but
significantly interested in sports.
“Your Spending Habits as an Adult are Affected by your Childhood Experiences” is a research conducted in the University of
Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management by Charlene Owen in 2013, which is based from the theory of “life history” or that the events
in an organism’s life are guided by its need to produce the largest possible number of surviving offspring and is dependent on its
environment. In the study, she hypothesized that how a person uses money during dire times is affected by their lifestyle during their
younger years. She found out that in two experiments volunteers were asked to complete tasks related to risk-taking with the premise of
experiences economic recession. Those who grew up in low-income homes tended to be more impulsive; they gravitated quicker towards
luxury goods and were loose with money whenever they had a lot of it. On the other hand, those who grew up in financially stable homes
were more cautious; they gravitated less toward luxury goods and believed in delayed gratification.
The studies conducted by Rosenthal; and Owen are related to the present study since the two researchers and the new study
focuses on the spending habits of the high school students.

SYNTHESIS (SAMPLE)
Literature documents that business combination has been a very interesting topic driven by the motivations behind it. It addresses issues of how
to maximize firm value through synergy, growth and efficiency and how to manage abnormal returns that arise during times of business combination.
However, with the benefits it has to offer, business combination does not guarantee successful results because it also entails challenges and risks. As such,
the decision to enter into M&A affects various aspects of the company.
Prior researches studied effect between business combination and abnormal returns, business combination and firm value, business combination
and financial ratios. Primarily, these studies utilized event study methodology, financial ratio analysis, paired t-test and regression analysis and found
divergent results. Moreover, previous researchers conducted their studies in different context, time and place.
Consistent with the idea that M&As create value, Tampakuodis, Nerantzidis, Soubeniotis and Soutsas (2018) and Rani, Yadav, and Jain in 2012
documented that M&As has positive effect on abnormal returns especially during M&A declaration. However, Oler, Harrison and Allen (2008) opined that
while abnormal returns are positive on announcement date, they become negative over the three years thereafter. Further, Nalwaya and Vyas (2014)
resulted to positive financial ratios due to M&As. Moreover, Chikamoto, Takeda & Yokoyama (2016), Kishimoto, Gota and Inoue (2017), Khanal, Mishra &
Mottaleb (2014) and Lee and Lim (2006) concluded that M&As increased firm value. Bianconi and Tan (2019) resolved that there is positive effect of M&As
on firm value in the instantaneous and medium run. However, they settled that three years thereafter, firm value becomes negative.
Similarly, Ma, Whidbee and Zhang (2011) arrived at a result where firm value declines after three years. Further, Saini and Singla (2012) wrote that
abnormal returns are negative around M&A pronouncements. Pazarskis, Drogalas and Koutoupis (2018) and Saini and Singla (2012) noted financial ratios
become worse after M&As.
Notably, there are studies that marked the effect of M&A on abnormal returns differ depending on time or place. Kiesel, Ries & Tielman (2017)
found that depending whether in the short run or long run, the different firms experience either positive or negative abnormal returns. Further, Sevindik
and Gokgoz (2017) discovered that various firms can achieve positive abnormal returns during the pre-M&A and can suffer negative abnormal return during
post M&As or the other way around.
Moreover, literary works have inconclusive outcomes about the effect between the variables, particularly, effect of financial ratios on abnormal
returns, financial ratios on firm value, corporate governance on abnormal returns, corporate governance on firm value, corporate social responsibility on
abnormal returns and corporate social responsibility on firm value. Predominantly, they used multiple regression, panel data analysis, pooled ordinary least
square, fixed effects, random effects, and the like. Accordingly, financial ratios, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility either positively or
negatively influence abnormal returns and firm value.
2.18 Research Gap
This paper primarily focuses on studying the potential mediating effect of financial ratios, corporate governance and corporate social
responsibility on the effect of business combination on abnormal returns and firm value of publicly listed companies in the Philippines from 2000 to 2018.
While there have been previous studies about the effects of business combination on abnormal returns, firm value and financial ratios and the effects of
financial ratios, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on abnormal returns and firm value, these studies showed different results.
Additionally, they were conducted in various contexts, which may have changed over time. Moreover, in the exploring these various effects, literature
exploited various methodologies, including but not limited to event study analysis, paired t-test and multivariate regression analysis.
However, no study explored the mediating effect of financial ratios, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on the effect of
business combination on abnormal returns and firm value and the moderating role of company demographics thereon. Further, no other study employed
PLS-SEM specifically on the said topic. Thus, this paper proceeds to conduct the study using PLS-SEM to contribute meaningful insights not only to literature
but also to decision makers regarding the said topic in the context of a developing country with evidence from the Philippines.

Types of Test in Practical Research

I. Modified Multiple Choice A (Research Design, Types of Qualitative Research, Parts of Research Paper)
II. Modified Multiple Choice B (Analysis Qualitative and Quantitative Research)
III. Modified Multiple Choice C (Analysis Qualitative and Quantitative Research)
IV. True or False (Analysis Qualitative and Quantitative Research)
V. Essay (learning/insights on doing research proposal)
VI. Short Response (Research Proposal) 1. Research Problem/Title 2. Conceptual Theoretical Framework (Cite at least 1
theory/model you used in your study and explain) 3. Objectives of the Study/Statement of the Problem 4. Research Design, 5.
Research Locale, 6. Research Respondents /Research Instruments Deadline?
FORMAT FOR RESEARCH PAPER Soft copy (encoded)
*1 inch margin all sides * Justify October 16, 2020
*14 fs title 12 fs content *proper indention @5 pm via FB @ Ana Marie
*Times New Roman *parts of research (Bold) Email : pagaddutanamarie20@gmail.com
*Double Spacing *for yellow paper please clip and make it clean* *written just pass to the teachers who will come to
your cluster