210382152 ေသေသာ မွသည ေၾသာ ေကာင း ရန ကုုန ဘေဆြ

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Armvl½dkif;rsm;onf þrQypfcwfaeonfhtMum;uyif xGuf
ajy;wdrf;a½Smifjcif;rjyKMu? toHk;r0ifaom oif;wdkY\ tajrmuf
tdkBuD;rsm;udk yk½Gufqdwfrsm;0dkif;tHkaeMubdodkY tvGefrdkufrJpGm
0dkif;tHko,fa½TUaeMu\/ xD;eDBuD;atmufü rwfrwf&yfaeaom
vlBuD;uvnf; rdrd\vlrsm; jyKvkyfaeMuonfudk NidrfoufMunfh
ae\/ xdkvlBuD;udk xD;rdk;ay;ae&aom oluaomfrQ ,ckavmuf
xdcdkufatmif ypfcwfaeonfh oabFmawGzufqDodkY vSnfhMunfh
azmfrQr&av/
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awGudk xdatmifypfprf; . . . }}
vif;bwf\trdefYt& oabFmonf Armtaumufqdyfurf;
ESifh ydkíeD;onfh oifhawmf&modkY a½TUajymif;ae&m,l\/ xdkpOf o
abFmyJhydkif;qDrS vIyfvIyf½Sm;½Sm; ajym;vTm;qlnHoHMum;&\/ csuf
csif; aoewfoHawG xGufvm\/ rarQmfvifhxm;aom Mum;&
csufjzpf\/
aocsmNyD/ rdrdwdkYoabFmay:ü &efolESifh wdkufyGJjzpfae
aMumif; vif;bwf csufcsif;od\/
]]&efolawG b,fvdkrsm; oabFmay: a&mufvmygvdrfh . . . }}
vif;bwfonf oabFmom;rsm; toifhjzpfap&ef tcsufay;
acgif;avmif;udk twD;ckdif;\/ wpfoabFmvHk; ydkí qlnHvm\/
vufaxmufrmvdefrSL;onf rdrdwdkYoabFmudk &efolrsm;u wdkuf
cdkufvmNyDjzpfaMumif; aemufoabFmrSod&ef OMorIwf\/ wpf
NydKifwnf;vdkvdkyif aemufoabFmuvnf; tvm;wl OMorIwf\/
]][,f . . . b,fvdkrsm; wdkYoabFmESpfpif;vHk;ay:udk &efol
aumifawG a&mufvmMuygvdrfh . . . }}
vif;bwfonf rdrdudk,fwdkif vHkNcHK&mü ae&m,lvsuf ao
ewfESpfvufudkudkifí toifhapmifh\/ rdrd½Sd&modkY qlqlnHnH ajy;
wufvmonfh toHawGudk Mum;&\/
]]vmayhap . . . vmayhap . . . vmMuayhap . . . }}
xdk;awmhrnfhqifuJhodkY a½S;½I&mudk pl;pdkufMunfhvsuf &efol
ESifh&ifqdkif&ef tm½HkjyKxm;\/ aoewfESpfvufudk wif;wif;qkyf
í tumtuG,f,lvdkuf\/
]]bmvJa[h . . . bmjzpfMuwmvJ . . . }}
]]i&JoGm;r,fh 0uf½dkif;oHk;aumifcifAs . . . tck udpöacsmoGm;
ygNyD . . . uRefawmfwdkYbufu ig;a,mufusNyD; oHk;a,muf'Pf
&m&w,f . . . }}
]]wdwfprf; . . . rif;wdkY tvum;vlnhHawG . . . }}
vif;bwfonf rdrd\t0wfrsm;udk ydkíoyf&yfcHhnm;atmif
jyKjyifvdkufNyD;aemuf tcsif;jzpfyGm;&mae&modkY cyfokwfokwf
xGufoGm;\/
[if;vif;yGifhaom&ifrsm;? tydkif;ydkif;jywfaomudk,frsm;ESifh r
½IrvSusqHk;ae&onfh rdrdoabFmom;rsm; . . .
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x&efrlawmhrnfuJhodkY rsufvHk;tyGifhom;½SdaeMuaom Armt½dkif;
aumifoHk;a,muf . . .
vif;bwfonf rdrda½SUüjrifae&aom ½Icif;udkMunfhvsuf r
ESpfNrdKU? ½GH½Smvm\/
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. . . [dkrSm usaewJhvlawGudk wpfae&m&mrSmpkNyD; t0wfeJY zHk;
xm;vdkuf . . . bmvJ . . . rif;wdkYtvSMunfhaeMuwmvm; . . .
}}
vif;bwf\atmfoHaMumifh oabFmom;awGtm;vHk; jymoGm;
\/ vif;bwfonf rarQmfvifhyJ þodkYtjzpfcHvkduf&onfht
wGuf ydkípdwfwdkae\/ Armt½dkif;aumifoHk;aumifwdkYonf rdrd
wdkYoabFmu wdkufjr§KyfvdkufaomavSay:rS t½dkif;aumifrsm; jzpf
Mu\/
b,ftcsdefu rdrdwdkYoabFmay:odkY wufa&mufvmonf[k
rodvdkufMu&yJ tay:a&mufvmonfESifh tqkwftqdkif;r½Sd? eD;
&mvludk twif;0ifa&mufxdk;ckwfonf[kqdk\/ "m;ajr§mifudkifESpf
a,mufonf 0dkif;ypfaeonfhMum;xJu OD;wnfxm;aom vlqD
odkY ta&mufajy;í cg;udkayGYum &ifudkcGJcsvdkufNyD;rS twlwla&m
aESmvJusonfqdk\/
"m;½Snfudkifxm;aomoluvnf; &efoludk wdkufvmonfESifh
rwlyJ uaebdodkY ckefysHum xdk;ckwfydkif;xpfoGm;onf/ rdrdwdkY
bufom;rsm; trSwfrxif tydkif;ydkif;tckwfcHvdkuf&onf/ tm;
vHk;aygif; qm*sifqrpfESifh tdEd´,ppfrsufESmüemrnf& ppfom;
aumif; av;a,mufwdkY usqHk;Mu&onf/ ESpfa,muf tjyif;t
xef'Pf&m&í wpfa,muf rsufESmwGif yg;wpfjcrf; tvTmvdkuf
ckwfcscHvdkuf&onfqkd\/
xdkoludk vif;bwfudk,fwdkif awGYcJhNyD;jzpf\/ rdrdwdkY oabFm
ü udk,fvHk;udk,fxnftBuD;qHk; toefpGrf;qHk; a&wyfom;BuD; q
arm*sufyifjzpfavonf/
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tajrmufpmjyefauR;vdkufr,f qdkwmudk Munfh&ao;wmaygh . . .
}}
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aumufqdyfESifh ydkíeD;onfhae&modkY twifh&JpGm ta½TUckdif;\/ xdkY
aemuf urf;ay:½Sd Armt½dkif;aumifrsm; rnfodkY ajy;vTm;xdcdkuf
ukefMuonfudk aocsmpGmjrif&Edkif&ef rSefajymif;jzifhMunfh\/
]]uJ . . . ypfckdif;prf; . . . }}
vif;bwf\trdefYtwdkif; oabFmtajrmufrSL;u tajrmuf
av;vufvHk; taumufqdyfqDodkY typfcdkif;\/ rdrdwdkY oabFmrS
omvQif ypfonfr[kwf? rdrdwdkYaemufrSygvmaom weoFm&Dppf
oabFmuvnf; 0dkif;ypf\/
Arm,rf;rIefYxkd;tajrmufwpfvuf wpfcsufypfvdkufwdkif; rdrd
wdkY usnfxdk;tajrmufwpfvufonf tcsufaygif; 20 ausmf ypf
Edkif\/ xdrSef&mü wpfqifhaygufuGJaom ,rf;rIefYtoifhxnfhNyD;
usnfawmifhrsm;udk toHk;jyKaomaMumifh ArmtajrmufwdkYxuf t
qaygif;rsm;pGm jyif;xefvS\/ xdkYjyif ArmwdkYbufü ,rf;rIefYxdk;
tajrmuftdkBuD;ESpfvufom ½Sd\/ rdrdwdkYurl rdrdwdkYoabFmay:ü
av;vuf? weoFm&DppfoabFmay:ü tajrmufajcmufq,f? tm;
vHk;aygif; ajcmufq,fhav;vufjzpf\/
]]uJ . . . MunfhMuao;wmayghuGm . . . }}
vif;bwfonf atmifEdkifolwdkY\ &ifhusufwnfNidrfaom
rsufESmjzifh urf;xufodkY pl;pdkufMunfh\/ urf;xufü½Sdaom
tkef;yif? xef;yifESifh tjcm;opfyifrsm;? tdrftaqmuftOD;u
av;rsm; tp½Sdonfh tm;vHk;wkdYonf axmif;axmif;nufnuf
aMuvsuf avayGaqmif,laom trdIufopf½GufwdkYuJhodkY aumif;
uifü vGifhpOfwnf\/ tajrmufqHwdkYrS aygufuGJonfh ,rf;
rD;cdk;rsm;xdrSef&mrS axmif;axmif;xonfh jrLzHkrIefYrsm;jzifh urf;
yg;opftkyfwpfckvHk; csufcsif; tarSmifxkjzifhzHk;tkyf\/
Armt½dkif;aumifrsm; rnfodkY txdwfwvefY jzpfukefMu
onfudk Munhfvdkjrifvdkaom vif;bwfonf rdrdwdkYtajrmuf
wyfom;rsm;bufodkY vufumvdkuf\/
tawmfBuD;MumrS urf;yg;ü rD;cdk;zHkrIefY½Sif;\/ ½Icif;onf
rsufvSnhfjyvkdufbdodkY csufcsif;ajymif;vJoGm;\/ cyfapmapmu
jrifvdkuf&aom pdrf;pdrf;pdkpdkopftkyfESifh tdrfuav;wdkYonf ajymif
wvif;cgvsuf ajrjyifü jym;jym;0yfukef\/ vwfvwfqwf
qwfusdK;usukefaom opfyifwdkYrS <uif;usef&pfonfh yifpnfikwf
wdkwdkYonf z½dkz&JjyefYusJaeMuaom trdIufyHkwdkY\tMum;ü xkd;
xdk;axmifaxmif rif;rlaeMu\/ tcsKdUaomae&mwdkYwGif tdrf
ysufrsm;udk rD;pGJavmifaeaomaMumifh rD;cdk;aiGYwvlvlxae\/
rdepfydkif;twGif; þrQ acsrIef;zsufqD;jyvdkufEdkifjcif;twGuf
vif;bwfu *kPf,lauseyf\/ Armt½dkif;aumifrsm; rnfrQ zdefY
zdefYwkefatmif aMumuf½GHUoGm;MuvdrfhrnfvJ[k awG;vsuf 0rf;
omae\/ odkYaomf vif;bwfonf csufcsif; tHtm;woifh jzpf
vm&jyef\/
usif;rsm;csdKifhrsm; jzpfaeonfh ajrjyifxJrS vlwpfpkonf av;
yifaom t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk 0dkif;tHko,frvmMu\/ oif;wdkYudk
Munfh&onfrSm pm;aomufzG,fwpfckudk yk½Gufqdwfrsm; 0dkif;tHkcsD
rvmouJhodkY jrifae&\/ rMumrD oif;wdkYo,f,lvmMuaom t
&monf toHk;r0ifaom oif;wdkY\ tajrmuftdkBuD;jzpfaMumif;
vif;bwf odvm\/ onfArmawG bmrsm; qufvkyfMurwHk;[k
apmifhMunfh\/
olwdkYonf av;vHBuD;rm;aom olwdkY\tajrmuftdkBuD;udk
tjrifhqHk;urf;ezl;xdyfodkY ,lvmMu\/ xdkYaemuf vlaygif;rsm;pGm
wdkYonf tajrmuftdkBuD;udk ausmjzifhvnf;aumif;? av;zuf0yfí
vnf;aumif;? ukef;ívnf;aumif; oifh&moifh&m tvdkufoifh
xrf;ydk;xm;Mu\/
]]bk&m;a& . . . awmfawmfrdkufrJNyD; ÓPfenf;wJh t½dkif;
aumifawGygvm; . . . }}
vif;bwf\EIwfrS trSwfwrJhxGufvm\/ xdkYaemuf þodkY
xkwfazmftHhMordonfhtwGuf rdrdwdkYt*FvdyfvlrsdL;wdkY\ *kPfod
u©mudkrsm; xdckdufavrvm;[kawG;&if; ab;ywf0ef;usifudk
vSnfhywfMunfh\/ rnfolrQ odyHkMum;yHkr&ojzifh awmfao;\/
vif;bwfonf urf;qDodkY rSefajymif;jzifhxyfMunfh\/ xdkpOf rdrd
wdkY\ weoFm&DppfoabFmqDrS tajrmufoHk;vuf wpfNydKufeuf
ypfvkduf&m xdkvltkyfqDodkY wdkuf½dkufxdrSef\/
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t&om½SdvS\/ vif;bwfonf toufr½IyJ pdwfaZmBuD;pGmjzifh
vdIufvdIufoJoJMunfh\/ rD;cdk;rsm;½Sif;oGm;onfESifh wHk;vHk;yuf
vufvJusaeaom Armrsm;udk awGY&\/ tcsdKUolwdkYonf oif;
wdkY\ tajrmufBuD;atmufü r&IrvSydaeMu\/
odkYaomf xEdkifolu csufcsif;vl;vJx\/ xD;eDBuD;jzifh
aqmif;ay;xm;jcif;cH&aom EIwfcrf;arT;um;um;ESifh ArmBuD;
onf £ajE´rysuf rvIyf½Sm;aomrsufESmjzifh wpfpHkwpf&mudk ajym
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rdvufxJü½Sdaom xD;BuD; wpfjcrf;vHk;vHk; pkwfNyJoGm;NyDjzpfonfh
wdkifatmif rdrd\wm0efudk rvpf[if;apyJ xkdxD;pkwfBuD;jzifhyif
aea&mifudkumNrJumay;ae\/
weoFm&DppfoabFmrSypfvdkufaom tajrmuf'PfaMumifh vl
tawmfrsm;rsm; aoausysufpD;oGm;onfhwdkifatmif aemuffxyf
vlpm;rsm; csufcsif;a&mufvmMu\/ aemufa&mufvmolwdkYonf
apmapmu vlrsm;enf;wl tajrmuftdkBuD;udk 0dkif;0ef;xrf;xm;
Mu\/
vif;bwfonf Armvl½dkif;rsm; jyKvkyfonfudk Munfhvdkaom
aMumifh weoFm&DoabFmESifhwuG rdrd\oabFmudkyg tajrmuf
rsm;rypfao;yJ &yfxm;&ef trdefYay;ckdif;\/ xdkYaemuf rsufjcnf
jywfrcHbJ qdyfurf;½Sd&modkY qufMunfh\/
xdktcsdefü ArmwdkYonf tajrmufBuD;\ ajymif;0twGif;odkY
,rf;rIefYrsm; avmif;xnfholuavmif;xnfh\/ wkwfjzifh xdk;ol
axmif;olwdkYu xkd;Muaxmif;Mu\/ avvHkap&eftwGuf tkef;
qefcGHESifh tjcm;t&m0w¬Krsm;udk xnfholaxmif;olwdkYu xnhfMu
xmif;Bu\/
]]ysif;vSNyDAsm . . . tJ'DvlawGudk uRefawmfwdkY wpfcsuf
avmuf wG,fvdkufOD;pdkY . . . }}
]]½SD; . . . tomaeprf; . . . 'Dt½dkif;aumifawG b,favmuf
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awGYMu&r,f . . . }}
vif;bwfu rSefajymif;ESifhrsufvHk;rcGmyJ pum;jyefvdkuf\/
urf;ay:üvnf; vif;bwfajymxm;onfhtwdkif; jrifae&\/ vl
ig;q,fausmfcefYwdkYonf tajrmufBuD;udk 0dkif;0ef;xrf;xm;Mu
&if; xD;aqmif;ay;jcif;cH&aomvlBuD;\ trdefYay;csuftwdkif; t
ajrmufajymif;0udk ESdrfhjcif;jr§ifhjcif;? b,fnma½TUjcif; ponfwdkYudk
jyKvkyfaeMu\/ cdkif;olonf rdrdoabmus &½SdonfESifh rD;pwpf
pudk udkifum peufwHudk udk,fwdkifrD;½IdU\/
tajrmufBuD;\ a½SUaemuf ab;ywfywfvnfwdkYü csufcsif;
rD;cdk;awG zHk;vTrf;oGm;NyD;vQif vlawGtm;vkHk; vGifhpifvJNydKukefMu
\/ vif;bwfu xdkjrifuGif;udk MunfhíNyHK;\/ vif;bwfNyHK;ae
qJtcsdefodkYa&mufrS tajrmufusnfqef oHvHk;BuD;ESifh tajrmuf
oHu a½SUqifhaemufqifha&mufvm\/ t½Sdefukefvmaom t
ajrmufusnfqefoHvHk;BuD;onf vif;bwf\rsufESmab;rS yGwf
uyfvsuf oabFmukef;ywfay:odkYusvm&m Burf;jyifoHk;acsmif;
usdK;apNyD;aemuf ab;odkYvdrfhoGm;\/
urf;txufüum; ArmwdkY\tajrmufBuD;onf vHk;0 uGJ
oGm;NyD;aemuf tajrmufvHk;BuD;udk xrf;xm;Muonfh vlrsm;
vnf; teD;tem;wGif vGifhpifvJNydKaeMu&mrS xvmEdkifonfudk
rawGU&awmh . . .
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qefBuD; rdrdrsufESmteD;rS jzwfoGm;ojzifh vefYoGm;&ao;onfudk
csufcsif; arhavsmhum ratmifhEdkifrqnfEdkif NyHK;rd\/
xdkpOf rsufESmwpfjcrf;vHk; rnf;aeNyDjzpfaom EIwfcrf;arT;
um;um;½Sdonfh vlBuD;onf wpfpHkwpf&mudktrdefYay;vsuf ukef;
jrifhjrifhwpfae&mudk nTefjy\/
av;yifaomt&mwpfckudk o,frvm[ef½Sdaom b,fu
a&mufvmonfrod&onfh vlpkvla0;wpftkyfonf csdKifhxJrS wpf
pwpfp ay:vm\/ vJNydKaeaom usefao;onfh tajrmuf
wpfvkH;udk o,fr vmMujcif;jzpf\/
]]onft½dkif;aumifawG oif;wdkY[moif;wdkY i&JoGm;zdkYvkyfae
MujyefygNyD . . . onfaumifawG vefYajy;oGm;atmif ab;ywf
ywfvnfeJU urf;pyfatmufajcudk tajrmufeJU ypfxnfhvdkufMu
prf; . . . oif;wdkYudk rxdapeJU . . . }}
vif;bwf\trdefYtwdkif; tajrmufAdkvfuwpfqifh trdefYay;
\/ azgufpfoabFmay:üygaom tajrmufav;vufvHk;u 0dkif;
tHkypfvdkufMu\/ tcsufaygif; oHk;q,fausmfavonf/
vif;bwfonf rdrdwdkY\tajrmufwyfzGJYudk typf&yfapvsuf
urf;xdyfodkY *½kwpdkufMunfh\/ tajrmufqHrsm; aygufuGJ&mrS
xGufay:vmonfhrD;cdk;vHk;rsm; ½Sif;vif;oGm;onfESifh rdrdwdkYo
abFmudk jyefvSefypfcwf&ef toifhjzpfaeMuaom Armt½dkif;
aumifrsm;udk awGYae&jyef\/
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qHawG 'gavmuf0dkif;0dkif;vnf aygufuGJaewmawmif xGufr
ajy;Muao;bl; . . . uJ . . . odMu&atmif wpfcsufavmuf
wnfhwnfhwD;xnfhvdkufMuprf; . . . }}
tajrmufAdkvfonf vif;bwf\trdefYudk omomxkd;xdk; em
,lvsuf 2 csufypfcsvdkuf\/ 2 csufvHk; wnfhwnfhrwfrwf xd
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'Pf&m&ukefMu\/ odkYaomf 'Pf&mtemw& rBuD;us,folwdkY
vJNydK&mrSm csufcsif;x&yfMu\/ tajrmufvHk;BuD;udk qufí r
csDMu\/
taumufqdyfurf;\ tBuD;tuJjyKvkyfol EIwfcrf;arT;onf
rdrdOD;acgif;wGif &pfywfxm;onfh y0gpudkjzKwfí rdrd&ifokdYpnf;
\/ xdkYaemuf rdrdvlrsm;½Sd&modkY vSrf;Munhf\/
]]ig'dkYvlawG 'gtukefyJvm;a[h . . . 'Dvltm;eJUawmh 'dkY
tajrmufBuD;udk rvdkY&r,f rxifbl;uGJY . . . }}
EIwfcrf;arT;BuD;\pdwfü tBuH&usyfae\/ rdrdteD;ywf0ef;
usifü ½SdorQaomvlrsm;vnf; ukefavNyD . . .
tajrmufBuD;udk ½Sd&if;twdkif; atmufücsí xdxdrxdxd t
&rf;ypfaevQif ukvm;awGu txifao;rnf/ rxdrnfhtwlwl r
xl;bl;[k rypfyJ&yfvdkufvQif oif;wdkYudkaMumufNyD; rypf0Hhí &yf
oGm;onf[k xifrnf/ aMumufonf[kxif,HkrQqdku udpör½Sd?
EdkifaeusMuufuJhodkY tEdkifusifhvdkpdwfjzifh ArmwpfrsdK;vHk;udk
qufvufESdyfpufvmacsaomf . . .
rcHcsdrIrsm; aygufuGJxGufbdodkY us,favmifpGm wuf wpf
csufacgufvdkuf\/ tajrmufBuD;ab;½Sd BudK;pm; rcsDaeMuaom
vlrsm;onf wufacgufoHMum;&modkY vSnfhMunfhrdMu\/
cspfcspfylaom aea&mifjcnfatmufü a,mufsm;yDyD usm;usm;
vsm;vsm; um;um;BuD;&yfaeaom EIwfcrf;arT;BuD;\ &ifpnf;yk
0gwGif aoG;jcif;jcif;pdrfhpdkae\/ xD;awmfrdk; rif;csif;vkvifonf
aoG;tdkifxJrS rxawmh/ a½Tydef;txGwfwyfaom xD;eDBuD;onf
ajrjyifwpfae&mü trdIufzkefrIefYwdkYjzifh a&maESmvsuf pkwfpkwf
jywfjywfvJNydKae\/
]][,f . . . taumufawmf0efaxmufbk&m; &ifbwfrSm . . .
}}
cspfMunfndKaeaom wpfa,mufaomolu rdrdudk,fwdkif em
usifpGmcHpm;&bdodkY txdwfwvefY toHjyK\/
þtoHrsdK;onf pdwf"mwfudkusvG,fapaom toHrsdK;jzpf
onfhtwGuf taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;u vufrcH/
]]uJ . . . uG,fwdkY . . . tapmfum;cHNyD; touf½SifaeMu&
wmxuf taocHNyD;wHkYjyefEdkifatmif BudK;pm;MuOD;pdkYvm; . . . A
rmhaoG;a[h . . . tm;cJNyD; xvdkufMutHk; armifwdkY . . . }}
taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;\toHaMumifh tawmftwef
'Pf&mtemw&½SdolwdkYyg aoG;oHpufpuf pD;,dkusaevsuf tm;
cJx&yfMu\/ tajrmufBuD;udk <uajrmufvmatmif 0ifa&muf
ulnDxrf;Mu\/ odkYaomf tajrmufonf wnfhwnhfrwfrwf
wefY&yfEdkifjcif;r½SdyJ [kd,drf;onf,dkif ,rf;cgae\/ &Jrufawmf
om;wdkYvnf; vltm;enf;vSaomaMumifh rEdkifreif;jzpfae\/
]]onftwdkif;qdk&if ukvm;wdkY ½Iwfcswmudk igwdkYcHMu&awmh
raum . . . }}
taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;\toHü rcHcsdvSonfh nnf;
nLoHrsdK;ygae\/ xdkpOf reD;ra0;ukef;jrifhtuG,fwdkYrS ykef;
atmif;MunfhaeMuaom trsdK;orD;wdkU rdrdwdkY\ om;i,frsm;udk
ypfcsum a,mufsm;awG\tMum;odkY0ifvsuf tcsdKUOD;acgif;jzifh
½Guf\? tcsdKUcg;apmif;üwif\? tcsdKUu ausmjzifhaz;r\/
Arma,mufsm;BuD;rsm;onf rdrdwdkYtm; vma&mufulnDMu
onfh rdcifrsm;? r,m;rsm;jzpfMuaom trsdK;orD;rsm;udk Munfh
rdMu&mrS wpfzufodkY rsufESmvTJvdkufMu\/ ar;aMumBuD;rsm;
axmifxvmatmif tHBudwfaeMu\/ olwkdYonf rdrdwdkYqDodkY
rvm&ef? rulnD&ef rdrdwdkY\rdcifrsm;? r,m;rsm;udk rnfolwpfpHk
wpfa,mufurQ wm;qD;jcif;rjyKMuav . . .
tajrmufvHk;BuD;onf ckHay:üwifxm;bdodkY vHk;0rvIyf½Sm;yJ
vdk&modkY wef;wef;rwfrwf csdefqNyD; toifh½Sdae\/
atmf[pfidkvdkufonfh om;i,f\toHudk Mum;&aom rdcif
i,fwpfOD;onf toHvm&mqDodkY ½kwfjcnf;vSnfhMunfhrd&mrS
rsuf&nfzHk;onfhrsufvHk;udk rSdwfvsuf csmueJ acgif;udk&rf;vdkuf
NyD; rMum;bdodkYNidrfouf\/ taumufawmf0efBuD;onf csKyf
xdef;xm;&onfh rsufESmjzifh peufwefudkrD;n§d&ef vIyf½Sm;vdkuf
onf/ xdkpOf taumufawmfqdyfurf;odkY jrif;oHk;pD; tjyif;pdkif;
ESifvm\/ jrif;apausmfwdkYonf jrif;r&yfrD jrif;ay:rS ckefqif;
Muvsuf taumufawmf0efBuD;udk ½kdaopGmOD;nTwfí yk0geDjzifh&pf
ywfonfh trdefYawmfpmyk&ydkufudk qufo\/
]]udk,fwdkYu rypfcwfMuESifhawmh . . .
udk,fwdkYu rypfcwfygawmhbl;[kvnf; ukvm;wdkYudk t
aMumif;rMum;avESifh . . .
oif;wdkYtEdkifxuf ydkrdkjyKusifhvmygvQif vGwfatmifa½Smifí
qkwf? w&m;a&;ü oif;wdkYvGefonfudk zHk;uG,fr&? odomNyD . . .
}}
taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;onf ypfcwf&eftoifhjyifxm;
aom tajrmufvHk;BuD;udk csap\/ xdkYaemuf rdrd&JrufvlolwdkYudk
&efolYvufeufrxdraygufEdkifonfhae&mü pkpkpnf;pnf;aeav[k
trdefYay;\/
]]a&0efrif;BuD;trdefYaMumifh igwdkY&yf&onf . . . puwnf;
u oif;wdkY tEdkifxufjyKusifh0ifvmMuaomaMumifh ½IH;rnfod
vsuf i'dkYtaocHNyD; wm;qD;wkdufcdkuf aeMujcif;jzpfonf . . .
wHcg;r½Sd"m;r½Sd rwm;&JrqD;&Jaom EdkifiH[k oif;wdkYtxifa&muf
rnfpdk;í i'dkY wdkufMuypfMuonf . . . ,ck igwdkY typf&yfvdkuf
onfESifh . . .
]oif;wdkYukvm;awGvmonfudk Armrsm;u wm;qD;ypfcwfMu
onf . . . wkHYjyefvdkufonfESifh rD;udk a&jzifhNid§rf;owfbdodkY Arm
awG wkwfwkwfrvIyfyJ NidrfoufoGm;Mu\ . . . } [k oif;wdkY
ukvm;jzL&mZ0ifü aemuftcg pmwef;xdk;csdrfhrnf . . . odkYaomf
a&0efrif;BuD;\trdefYudk igrvGefqefvdk . . . onftrdefYudkemcH&
onfxuf ukvm;wdkY\oabFmay:odkY wufwdkuf&if; usqHk;[ef
½Sdaom ighaoG;aomufBuD;ysHcsDuJhodkY ao&onfurS aumif;ao;
\ . . . }} [k taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;u qufajym\/
taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;onf atmufEIwfcrf;pGef;wpf
zufudk udkufvsuf rsufvHk;ü rsuf&nfrsm;a0h&pfvm\/ 'dkYEdkifiH
eJYvlrsdK;yg tapmfum;cH&avNyDaum[laom todonf EIwfcrf;
arT;um;um;ESifh a,mufsm;BuD;wpfa,muftwGuf rsuf&nfrsm;
&pf0dkif;vmp&m taMumif;rsdK;yifjzpf\/
taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;onf rauscsrf;aom rsufESm
BuD;Nzifh ta0;odkYai;arQmfMunfhae&mrS &ifüpnf;xm;onfh yk0gp
udkajzcsvdkuf\/ &xm;aom'Pf&mtaygufBuD;rS aoG;wdkYonf
oGefcsvdkufbdodkY a[mceJxGufus\/ aoG;tus&yfonfESifh r
a½S;raESmif;yif opfyifBuD;vJNydKouJhodkY vJNydKus\/
rSefajymif;wpfvufjzifh oabFmay:rS taotcsmMunfhae
aom vif;bwfonf rSefajymif;udk rsufESmrScGmvdkufNyD;aemuf rdrd
oabFmom;rsm;buf vSnfhvdkuf\/
]]t½dkif;aumifawG 'dkYujyefypfvdkufawmh tuefcH&wJh acG;vdk
tNrD;ukyfNyD; wdwfoGm;wmyJ . . . uJ . . . 'dkYoabFmudk quf
armif;Muawmh . . . b,folYtrdefYrS awmif;cHp&mrvdkbl; . . .
BudKufwJhae&m&yf? BudKufwJhae&muyf . . . 'gyJ . . . }}
rMumrwif azgufpfoabFmESifh weoFm&DppfoabFmBuD;onf
wpfpif;ESifhwpfpif; ruGmra0; a½SUaemufqifhvsuf tvHwvlvl
vTifhxlum &efukefqdyfurf;½Sd&modkY a½S;½I0ifoGm;Muonf/
]]uJ . . . udkaqGquf . . . usLyfwdkY a&0efrif;BuD;qDjyefNyD;
oHawmfOD;wifMuacstHk;pdkY . . . }}
jrif;apausmfwdkY\tBuD;tuJjzpfol aqGqufonf vJusae
aom taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;\rsufESmudk ykqdk;pjzifh vTrf;
ay;vdkuf\/ xkdYaemuf 0dkif;0ef;aeMuaom &JrufawmfwdkYtMum;rS
wdk;a0SYxGufvm\/
jrif;apausmfoHk;a,mufom; a&0efrif;BuD;tdrfodkY a&mufMu
aomtcg a&0efrif;BuD;onf ausmufarmfNrdKU0ef r[mrif;ausmf
&mZm? ta0;a&mufpma&; r[mrif;ausmfrif;xif&mZm? "Ekwf
uGif;tkyfvIdifolBuD;? oDv0gapmifh oHk;cGyJheif;OD;acG;jzL? &JAdkvf
armifydkwdkYESifh acgif;csif;½dkufwdkifyifae&mrS ½kwfcsnf;ac:ar;\/
ukvm;oabFmuypfonfh tajrmufusnfqHoifhí taumuf
awmf0efaxmufBuD;ESifhwuG ysHcsDtygt0if &Jrufvlol rdef;r
a,mufsm;uav;rsm;yg tm;vHk;pkpkaygif; oHk;&mcefYrQusonf/ t
aumufqdyf&Jrufawmf0if;wpfckvHk; ysufpD;onf/ opfyifrsm;
ydkif;ydkif;jywfí ukef;ajymifajymifjzpfonf[k aqGqufuavQmuf
\/
xkdYjyif taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;onf þodkYjzpfrnf[k
BudKwifodaomaMumifh &efukefjrpfqdyfodkY ukvm;jzLrsm; 0if
a&mufvmuwnf;u 0ifEdkifcGifhtrdefYpmudk oabFmodkYta&muf
ay;ydkYap\/ odkYygvsuf ukvm;jzLwdkYu trdefYpmudkr,l/ EdkifiHudk
todtrSwfrjyKyJ pmvmydkYonfh ysHcsD\avSudk oabFmjzifhwdkuf
ESpfí wHcg;"m;uif;rJhouJhodkY twif;csOf;eif;0if\/
o[mudkcHaevQif oif;wdkYonf rMumrwif EdkifiHudkyg tEdkif
usifhNcdrfhrnf/ odkYaMumifh aornfaMurnfudk odvsufypfcwf
wm;qD;&onf[k taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;u ajymoGm;
aMumif; aqGqufuavQmuf\/
a&0efrif;BuD;? ausmufarmfNrdKU0ef? ta0;a&mufpma&;awmf
BuD;? vdIifolBuD;? okH;cGyJheif;BuD;ESifh &JAdkvfarmifydkwdkYonf wpfOD;
rsufESmwpfOD;Munhfvsuf NidrfoufaeMu\/
taumufawmf0efaxmufBuD;onf wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsdK;t
wGuf rdrd\toufESifhwuG om;r,m;tacRt&H tdk;tdrfpnf;pdrf
wdkYudkyg pGefYvTwfylaZmfoGm;\/ ,ck taumufawmf0if;BuD;wpf
ckvHk; jyKef;jyKef;ysufpD;cJh&\/ usefolwdkYvnf; rMumrwif a&mif;
&if;buf0efaxmufBuD;\aemufodkY vdkufMu&rnfjzpf\/ þodkY
vdkufMu&jcif;u ta&;rBuD;? ta&;BuD;onfum; . . .
a&0efrif;BuD;onf rdrd\vlolvufeufrsm;udk tajy;tvTm;
pm&if;cswGuf\/ ,ckwavm rdrdwdkYü "m;udkifvSHudkif trIxrf;
½Spfq,fausmfrQom ½Sdonf/ ukvm;jzLwdkYbufu rnfrQ½Sdae
onf[k rod&ao;/
rnfonfhenf;ESifhrqdk vufeufum; ukvm;jzLwdkYbufrS om
rnfjzpfonf/ "m;"m;csif;vSHvSHcsif; wdkuf&rnfqdkvQif onfuk
vm;jzLawG vlaumifjrifhrm; vlvHk;vlxnfBuD;aomfvnf; oif;
wdkYig;a,mufESifh Armwpfa,muf ,SOfEdkif\/ ,ckrl oif;wdkYu
aoewfvufeufawGcsnf;udkifMu\/ cg;ydkufaqmif aoewfi,f
uav;rsm;vnf; ygao;\/ oif;wdkYaoewfonf ArmwdkY\
aoewfESifhrwl? ½kwfcsnf;½kwfcsnf; ypfí&\/ ArmwdkY aoewf
uJhodkY ,rf;rIefYxnfhodyf? tkef;qHzwfxnhfodyf? cJqHxnhfodyfNyD;rS
ypf&aom aoewfrsdK;jzpfygu oif;wdkYaoewfajymif;awGudk qGJ
udkifí wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf ckwfcsypfEdkif\/
,ckvnf; ½IH;rnfaornfudk aMumufír[kwf/ rdrdwdkYao
aMuNyD;aemuf? ½IH;MuNyD;aemuf? EdkifiHtvHk; ukvm;jzLwdkYvufü
usef&pfrnfpdk;aomaMumifhom csdefqaeMujcif;jzpf\/ odkYaomf
bmyJjzpfjzpf wdkuf&awmhrnf? Edkifatmifvnf; wdkuf&awmhrnf/
oif;wdkYudkEdkifrnfqdkvQif oif;wdkYtoufudk ArmwdkYu touf
aygif;ESpfq,fESifhvJvdku vJ&yap . . . /
olwpfyg;apmfum;wdkif;cH&onfh olYtEdkifcH&aom vlrsdK;jzpf&
jcif;xuf tEdkifrcHwdkufcdkuf&if; aoaMu&onfu rjrwfygavm
.../
]]onfudpöudk a&mif;&if;wdkYusKyfwdkYtoufeJU vJ&efyJusef
awmhonf . . . odkYayrifh EdkifiHwpfckvHk; ta&;jzpfaomaMumifh
aejynfawmfudk taMumif;Mum;zdkY vdktyfonf . . . onftwGif;
ckupNyD; vlolvufeufpkMu&rnf . . . tiftm;csif; EIdif;csdefNyD;
taocH&Jrufrsm;½SmMurnf . . . oif;wdkYukvm;jzLawGu t
aMumif;pum;pvmvQif NrdKU0efBuD;om ta&;ydkifoljzpfaom
aMumifh NrdKU0efBuD;qdkufa&mufrS ta&;ydkifoltcsif;csif; pum;
ajymyg&ef tcsdefqGJxm;rnf . . .
xdkYjyif ukvm;jzLwdkYu &efpapmfum;vmonfhwdkif ukvm;jzL
wdkYESifh cdkuf&efrjzpfyGm;Mu&ef [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUom;wdkYudk
wdwfwqdwftrdefYxkwfxm;rnf . . . xdkodkYrjyKxm;u ukvm;jzL
wdkYonf ArmwdkYrcHr&yfEdkifatmif &efpí ArmwdkYuwHkYjyefvdkuf
onfESifh þonfudk taMumif;tjypf½Smvsuf igwdkYudk wdkufcdkuf
Edkif&ef vHk;yrf;Muvdrfhrnf . . .
taumufqdyfüvnf; oif;wdkYonftwdkif; jyKusifhMuonf
. . . xdkYaMumifh igwdkYü ckcHwdkufcdkufEdkif&ef tiftm;rjynfhpHk? rpk
aqmif;rdao;orQ oif;wdkYESifh cdkuf&efrjzpfyGm;Mu&ef igwdkYvlrsm;
udk tEdkifxdef;Mu&rnf . . . onftwGif; owif;taMumif;pHk
ay;ydkY&ef aqGqufwdkYudk aejynfawmfodkYapvTwfrnf . . . udk,f
wdkY yodkYoabm&owHk; . . . }}
a&0efrif;BuD;\pDpOfcsufudk tm;vHk;oabmudkufnDaom
aMumifh ,if;onhftwdkif; pDpOfaqmif½Guf&ef wm0eftoD;oD;udk
cGJa0,loGm;Mu\/
,if;onhftwGif; [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKU½Sd vltcsdKUonf &ef
ukefqdyfurf;ü qdkufuyfxm;Muonfh ukvm;jzLoabFmay:odkY
t0iftxGuf tquftqHvkyfMu\/ ukefpnfzvS,frIrsm;jyKMu
\/ rdrdwdkYwpftdk;pkwpftdrfaxmif tjrwftpGef;&Muonfudk aus
eyfoabmusMu\/
þonfudk vli,fvl½G,frdef;ri,fESifh trsm;tjym;aomol
wdkYu avSmifajymifysuf&,fjyKjcif;? uJh&JU½IHUcsjcif;? ½GH½Smpufqkwf
[efjyKjcif;? tElt½GJuJhodkY rdrdwdkY tem;tuyfrcHyJ ta0;rSuGif;
a½SmifoGm;Mujcif;rsdK; jyKvkyfMu\/
xdktcg tcsif;csif;cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;Mu&mrS ukvm;jzLwdkYudkyg
a&maESmxdyg;ukefMuvQif ukvm;jzLwdkYu Armrsm;udk pwifwdkuf
cdkuf&ef taMumif;tp&vmrnf pdk;aomaMumifh [Hom0wD&efukef
qdyfurf;ü qdkufuyfxm;aom ukvm;jzLoabFmodkY Armrsm; t
0iftxGufrvkyf&? oabFm½Sd&modkYqif;í ul;oef;oGm;vmjcif;?
a&mif;0,fazmufum;jcif;rjyK&[k a&0efrif;BuD;u trdefYjzifhwm;
jrpf\/
þwGif wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsdK;udkrMunfh? rdrdwdkYwpftdk;wpftdrf
axmif tjrwftpGef;udkom MunfhwwfMuaom ukefonfwdkYu
...
]]usKyfwdkY rdwfaqGBuD;rsm; oabFmodkY ukefpnfzvS,fa&mif;
0,f&ef vmvdkMu\ . . . odkYaomf usKyfwdkYa&0efrif;BuD;u wm;
jrpfxm;aomaMumifh rvm0HhMuyg . . . }} [k ajymMu\/
þwGif [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUü ½SdaeMuaom ukvm;jzLukef
onfrsm;ESifh ukvm;jzLa&wyfAdkvfrSL; uGefrif'dkvif;bwfwdkYu A
rmpum;ajymwwfonfh ukvm;jzLtuf'Gyf Edward udk a&0ef
rif;BuD;xHodkY apvTwfí þtrdefYtm; csufcsif; ½kyfodrf;ay;&
rnf[k awmif;qdk\/
a&0efrif;BuD;u xdktrdefYudk csufjcif; ½kyfodrf;ay;vdkuf&\/
þonfrSpí [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUawmfü ArmukefonfyGJpm;
tcsdKUESifh oabFmom;ukvm;jzLwdkY ta&mw0ifjzpfMu&jyefonf/
wpfzufESifhwpfzuf ulvl;qufqHjyKMujyefonf/ tcsdKU odk;pyf
aom ukvm;OD;xkyfaqmifjcif;? ukvm;qHjzwfjcif;? ukvm;wdkYuJh
odkY abmif;bD0wfjcif; ponfwdkYudkyif jyKMu\/ ukvm;jzLwdkY\
toHk;taqmif txnfypönf;wdkYudk 0wfqifNyD;vQif yyvTm;vTm;
oGm;Mu\/ xdkpOfwaygifoDcsif; wpfyk'fay:vm&onf/
]]odk;abmif;bD teDuGyf? a&mh0wfawmhay;/ r0wfvdkufu
rdkufvdkYxif? 0wfvdkuf&ifvnf; BudKufvdkYxif? abmif;bD½Sif ol
vmcdkuf? arSmifrdkufuawG; . . . }}
[Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUawmfolNrdKUawmfom;wdkYonf bmt"d
yÜm,f[k rnfrnf&&rodaom xdkoDcsif;udk vlwdkif;vdkvdk ESpfESpf
oufouf oDqdkvmMu\/ xdkoDcsif;ESifhra½S;raESmif; xl;qef;
onfh taMumif;jzpf&yfwdkYvnf; ay:vmcJh\/
xdktaMumif;jzpf&yfwdkYonf xdkpOftcgu vlwdkif;\ EIwfzsm;
ü yef;aoG;a&mifuGrf;&nfpGJouJhodkY pGJcJhajymcJhMuonfh taMumif;
jzpf&yfjzpf\/
a½S;ArmBuD;wdkYonf xdktaMumif;jzpf&yfwdkYudkom ajymaeMu
&rnfqdkvQif pm;&rnfhtcsdef? tdyf&rnfhtcsdefwdkYudk arhavsmhukef
Mu\/ xrif;ypf[if;ypfxdk;aeaom ppfwk&ifyGJudkyif &yfxm;
vsuf . . .
]]t*Fvdyf-Arm'kwd,ppfyGJjzpfMuwkef;uayghuGm . . . 'dkYArm
awGqdkwm aovdkufMuwJhjzpfjcif; . . . b,fajymaumif;rvJ
. . . }} [k tpcsDwwfMu\/
xdkYaemuf ajymjyonfhjzpf&yfwpfckvHk; ArmawGu t½HI;buf
csnf;jzpf\/ ArmawGü vufeufr½SdyHk? avhusifhoifMum;xm;
aom ppfom;qdkí wpfa,mufwpfavrQr½SdMuyHk? ArmawGESifh
wdkufMurnfh ukvm;jzLwdkYu vufeuftiftm; aumif;vSyHk? Uk
vm;jzLrSeforQ avhusifhoifMum;xm;aom ppfom;awGcsnf;jzpf
aeMuyHk . . .
a½S;ArmBuD;rsm;\ ajymqdkcsuft& xdkpOfu jzpfcJhonfh t*F
vdyf-Arm 'kwd,ppfyGJü t*FvdyfwdkYonf NrdKUtESHYe,ftESHY vSnfh
ywfowfvmcJhMuaom uRrf;usifonfh aMu;pm;vufa0SYorm;
BuD;ESifhwlonf/ ArmwdkYu rdrdwdkY½GmxJü tcsif;csif;roihfjrwf
onfhtcgrS wpfBudrfESpfBudrf &efjzpfxdk;owfzl;&onfh vufyef;
vufa0SUvHk;0rwwfaom ½Gmumvom; aygufuav;ESifhwlonf
[kqdk\/
xdkESpfa,mufwdkY awGYMuaomtcg aMu;pm;vufa0SYorm;
BuD;u ½Gmumvom;aygufuav;udk Munfhí . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rif; w,fAvaumif;ygvm;uG . . . owdå½Sd
&if rif;eJUig wpfcsDwpfyGJavmuf vufa0SUowf&atmif . . . }}
]]rowfcsifbl;Asm . . . usKyf vufa0SYvJrxdk;wwfygbl; . . .
}}
]]rif; vlaMumufyJ . . . rif;wdkYtrsdK;u 'DvdkyJ ol&Jabm
aMumifwwfovm; . . . rif;eJYig Avcsif;twlavmufyguG . . .
vmyg . . . igvJrxdk;wwfygbl; . . . wpfcsDavmuf taysmfxdk;
Munfh&atmif . . . }}
]]usKyfrowfcsifbl;Asm . . . cifAsm;bmomcifAsm; at;at;
aeprf;yg . . . }}
]]igu at;at;raeawmh rif;ubmvkyfcsifvJ . . . rif;u
bmrSrvkyf0HhwJh EGm;vdktaumifqdkwm igodom;yJ . . . rif;wdkY
wpfrsdK;vHk; rif;vdk vlaMumufawGcsnf;yJrIwfvm; . . . 'Dvdkqdk
,if rif;ESreJU rif;wdkYtrsdK;awGudk ig ,lzdkYpdwfrul;awmhbl; . . .
awmfawmfMum rif;vdkvlaMumufuav;awG arG;vm&if b,fES,fh
vkyfrvJ . . . }}
]]uJ[m . . . apmfum;tHk; acG;BuD; . . . }}
umvom;aygufuav;u vufa0SYorm;BuD;udk vufwHkYjyef
vdkuf\/
þwGif vufa0SYorm;BuD;u umvom;aygufuav;udk t
rJzsufEdkif&ef taMumif;tcsufay:vmojzifh usm;NyHK; NyHK;vdkuf
\/
]]tdrf; . . . tJ'Dtwdkif; ig'dkYArmawGu umvom;aygufu
av;ae&mrSm,lNyD; ukvm;jzLawGudk t½HI;BuD;½HI;cJhMuwmaygh . . .
}}
xdkppfyGJü yudk;wvdkif;EdkifiHBuD;wpfckvHk;ESifhwuG &cdkifbdk;
acgifawmifxdyfrS ta½SUwnfhwnfh ajrxJNrdKUtxd rsOf;aMumif;jyK
í xdkrsOf;aMumif;\ atmufydkif;wpfckvHk;udk ppfawmif;jrpfESifh u
&ifeDe,fpyftxd ArmwdkYu ukvm;jzLwdkYudkay;vdkuf&onfqdk\/
,if;okdY ay;vdkufygonfqdkaompmcsKyfudk ukvm;em&D (24)
em&DtwGif; ArmwdkYu vufrSwfxdk;&rnf/ vufrSwfrxdk;vQif A
rmEdkifiHwpfckvHk;udk wdkufodrf;vsuf ArmxD;eef;udkyg zsufypf
rnf[k ukvm;jzLAdkvfcsKyf avmh'gv[kdZD Lord Dalhousie t
rdefYt& ArmjynfppfaMumif; ukef;wyfwm0efcH *sife&,fa*:vf'Gif
General Godwin ESifh a&wyfwm0efcHvif;bwfwdkYu ajymvm
\/ ArmwdkYu pmcsKyfpmwrf;jyKí ray;yg&apESifh? onftwdkif;
,lyg[k ausmufarmfNrdKUpm; 0efBuD; owdk;rif;BuD; r[mrif;vSoD
[olwdkYu ajyvnfatmif tBudrfBudrf ajymqdkay;cJhMu&onfqdk
\/
]]ukvm;Arm 'kwd,ppfyGJBuD;wkef;u i'dkYArmawG tJo
avmuf ½SufzG,faMumufzG,f qHk;½IH;aeMu&wJhtcsdefrsdK;rSm olwdkY
av . . . olwdkY . . .
ArmvlrsdK; Armjynfom;awG&JUtaMumif;udk oif;wdkY ukvm;
jzLawGodatmif taMumif;jyvdkufEdkifMuwJh olwdkYwawGaygharmif
&,f . . . olwdkY . . . olwdkY . . .
olwdkYtaMumif;awG[m rif;a&;pdk;&mr[kwfvdkY Armh&mZ0if
awGxJrSm rygayr,fh ukvm;jzLawG&JU tcsdKUrSwfwrf;awGrSmawmh
tusOf;½Hk;NyD; ½SdaeowJhuG,f . . . }}
a½S;ArmBuD;rsm;onf xdk ]olwdkY} qdkolrsm;\taMumif;udk
qufvufajymwwfMu\/ xdkYaemuf rsufvHk;ü rsuf&nfrsm; &pf
0dkif;vmMuvsuf ab;vlwdkYudk arhoGm;wwfMu\/ twefMumrS
...
]]wu,fawmh olwdkYraoMuygbl;av . . . olwdkYwawG
ckxd 'dkYeJYtwl ½SdaeMuygw,f . . . }} [k cyfwdk;wdk; ajymwwfMu
\/
a½S;ArmBuD;rsm;onf ]&Jaomfrao} [lonfh pum;twdkif;
wdkif;wpfyg;om;wdkYu vma&mufapmfum;jcif;udk cHMu&onfESifh
teD;wGif ]olwdkY}wawG raoyJ½SdaeouJhodkY tNrJowd&wwf tm;
wufwwfMu\/
olwdkY . . . raoMuaom ]olwdkY . . . } teuf . . .
ÄÄÄ
1/
t*Fvdyf-Arm 'kwd,ppfyGJ jzpfvkvktcsdefavmufqDu [H

om0wD&efukefNrdKUonf tdrfajcenf;vS\/ NrdKUuGufusOf;\/ NrdKU
ESifhreD;ra0; taemufajrmufpl;pl;ü Munfhjrifwdkif (aMu;jr§ifh'dkif)
½Gmi,f½Sd\/
NrdKU\ta½SUajrmuf,Gef;,Gef;wGif ykZGefawmifacsmif;urf;yg;
wHig½Gmi,f½Sd\/ yudk;rSvmonfh ukefa&mif;0,favSrsm;qdkuf
uyf&m aps;qdyf½Gmuav;jzpfonf/
NrdKU\tpGef; taemufpl;pl;ü o&ufawmBuD;ESifh bkef;awmf
BuD;ausmif;½Sd\ (,cko&ufawmausmif;wdkufae&m)/ NrdKU\t
pGef;ta½SUpl;pl;jrpfurf;ü ukvm;jzLwdkY&yfuGufESifh bk&m;i,fwpf
ql½Sd\ (,ckAdkvfwaxmifapwDESifh &yfuGufae&m)/ NrdKU\tpGef;
ajrmufbufpl;pl;ü ql;avukef;ESifh ql;avapwD½Sd\/ NrdKU\
awmifbuf jrpfwpfzufurf;ü 'v½Gmi,f½Sd\/ NrdKU\ajrmuf
bufü BuD;rm;xlxyfaom yifapmufopfawmBuD;½Sd\/ xdkopf
awmBuD;twGif; taemuf,Gef;,Gef;wGif A[ef;½Gmi,fESifh od*Fkwå
&ukef;½Sd\/ xdkukef;ay:ü Armjynf\ tausmfMum;qHk;aom a½T
wd*HkapwDawmf½Sdonf/
jrpfqdyfurf;½Sd tcsdKUaom taqmuftOD;tenf;i,frSvGJí
[Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUudk ta0;rSMunfhírjrifMu&/ NrdKUwGif;NrdKUjyif
tm;vHk; opfyifrsm;zHk;vTrf;xm;bdodkY½Sd\/ tkyfqdkif;aeaom opf
yif0g;yifBuD;rsm;atmufü ½Gufykef;oD;rSnfhaeaom opfoD;uJhodkY
tvGefpnfum;\/
oabFmqdyfurf;NrdKUjzpfaomaMumifh ukefpnfo,fzdkYtwGuf
vSnf;rsm;oGm;Edkif&ef vrf;us,fBuD;rsm;½Sd\/ zHkaxmif;axmif;x
aom vrf;us,fBuD;rsm;ay:ü ukefonfrsm;? c&D;a0;rS aps;0,f
vmMuolrsm;? ArmjynfürSDckdaexdkifMuaom EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;?
rif;rIxrf;rsm;? xdkolwdkY\jrif;rsm;? ukefwifvSnf;BuD;rsm; ponf
wdkYonf &ufaeaom &ufuef;piftwGif;½Sd vGef;rsm;uJhodkY vl;
vmwkHYacgufoGm;aeMu\/
jrpfqdyfüvnf; ukvm;jzLwdkY\oabFmrsm;? ,Gef;wdkY\o
abFmrsm;? b0½Sifrif;w&m;BuD;\oabFmrsm;? EdkifiHawmf½Sd ukef
onfolaX;wdkY\oabFmrsm;? a&;? Nrdwf? xm;0,f? weoFm&DoGm;
oabFmrsm;? ykodrfajrmif;jroGm; oabFmrsm;? ydef;aumBuD;rsm;?
avmif;udkBuD;rsm;? xef;ygavSBuD;rsm;\ ½Gufwdkifrsm; ponfwdkY
onf bD;oGm;udk vSefaxmifxm;bdodkY jrpfurf;wpfavQmufü
tpDpDtxyfxyf½SdMu\/ tvHk;pHkNcHKvdkufaomf aejynfawmfuJhodkY
rus,f0ef;aomfvnf; aejynfawmfxufyif ta&mif;t0,f pnf
um;onf? at;csrf;om,monf? yifv,fESifheD;aomaMumifh &m
oDOwknDrQonf[k qdkEdkif\/
odkYaomf vGefcJhonfhwpfywfcefYtwGif; &efukefjrpfxJodkY0if
vmonfh ukvm;jzLoabFmwdkYonf ArmwdkYu ay;tyfvmonfh
0ifcGifhtrdefYudk todtrSwfrjyKr,lyJ jiif;qefí ArmwdkYu wm;
qD;ypfcwfMuaomtcg ArmtaumufqdyfwpfckvHk;udk jymyHkajr
jzpfatmif ypfcwfwdkufcdkufí [Hom0wD&efukefqdyfurf;odkY t
wif;0ifa&mufqdkuf&yf\/
xdkrSonfpí [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUü yg;pyfowif;rsdK;pHk jzpf
vm\/ vlawG aeYwxdwfxdwf? nOfhwxdwfxdwf½Sd\/ vlpnf
um;&mjzpfonfh aps;rsm;? vSnf;qdyfavSqdyf? &yfuGufrsm;ü wpf
aeY oHk;av;BudrfvefYvsuf ajy;MuvTm;Mu? qdkifawGtdrfawG
ydwfMu rMumrMumjzpf\/
vlawGom vefYonfr[kwf? usD;awGuvnf; cPcPNydK\/
vrf;ay:ü vloluif;½Sif;vsuf vrf;ab;0J,m½Sd 0if;wHcg;rsm;
tm;vHk;ydwfxm;Mu\/ 0if;wHcg;twGif;ü vSef;xm;onfh xrif;
ajcmufzsmrsm; tdrfwdkif;vdkvdküawGY&\/
xrif;ajcmufzsmwdkY\ab;ü xrif;ajcmufodrf;jcif;? topf
vSef;jcif;? arTjcif; ponfwdkYudk jyKvkyfaeMuonfh tdrfolrdef;r
BuD;wpfa,mufESpfa,mufwdkYudkvnf; tdrfwdkif;tdrfwdkif;\ 0if;
wdkYüawGUMu&\/ tcsdKUaomtdrfab; tdrfa½SUujyifponfwdkYü
jr§m;wHoyfaeaom a,mufsm;? vSHt½dk;wyfaeaom a,mufsm;?
"m;aoG;aeaom a,mufsm;wdkYudk awGU&wwf\/
[Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;onf vrf;ray:üoGm;vm
aeMuonfh wpfa,mufwpfavrQaom vrf;oGm;vrf;vmwdkYudk
yif aMumuf½GHUouJhodkY¤if;? &efrlcsifaeouJhodkY¤if; pdrf;pdrf;um;
um; MunfhaewwfMu\/ tdrfa½SUwHcg;wdkYudkvnf; tm;vHk;ydwf
vsuf wHcg;wpf½GufrQom vSyfxm;Mu\/
vGefcJhonf oHk;av;&uftwGif;url vrf;ay:ü þrQvlol r
½Sif;ao;? &efukefNrdKU½Sd Arm? ukvm;? w½kwfukefonf tenf;
pkwdkYonf qdkufuyfvmonfh ukvm;jzLoabFmESifh ukefpnfcsif;
zvS,frI? a&mif;0,fazmufum;rIwdkYudk jyKvkyfaeMuojzifh vrf;
ay:ü vSnf;rsm;? jrif;rsm; O'[dkoGm;qJ½Sdao;\/
tjcm;aom trsm;pkjzpfMuonfh Arm? ukvm;? w½kwfwdkYu
Armqdyfurf;udk tEdkiftxuf twif;0ifa&mufqdkufuyfaom
ppfoabFmrSygvmonfh ukefpnfrsm;udk ta&mif;t0,fvnf; r
jyK? ukvm;jzLwdkYudkvnf; rqufqHyJaeMu\/ xdkYaMumifh t
a&mif;t0,fjyKolwdkYtzdkY tNydKifvk,uf0,f,la&mif;csrnfholrsm;
r½SdonfhtwGuf tjrwftpGef; cyfjrufjruf&Edkifonfh tcsdef
aumif;tcGifhaumif;rsdK; jzpfae\/ odkYtwGuf ukvm;jzLwdkYESifh t
ciftrifaygif;í ta&mif;t0,fjyKvkyfolrsm;u jyKvkyfMu\/
þokdYjyKonfudk [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUom;wdkYESifh ukefonft
rsm;pkwdkYu aemufajymifjyuf&,fjyKMu\/ ½IHUcsjypfwifMu\/ ]]rd
rdwdkY wpftdk;wpftdrfaxmif aumif;pm;a&;udkom Munfhaom
rsdK;zsufrsm;? olcdk;udk "m;½dk;urf;onfh opömazmufrsKd;zsufrsm;? 'g
avmuf aMu;aiGpHkrufvQif eifwdkYorD;rsm;? ESrrsm;? r,m;rsm;?
ratrsm;udk ukvm;jzLoabFm½Sd&modkY oGm;ydkYMu . . . }} [k qJa&;
&efpMu\/
xdkYaMumifh cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;Muojzifh [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUudk
acwåtkyfcsKyfae&aom a&0efrif;BuD;u Armbk&ifydkifeufü rSDcdk
aexdkifoltm;vHk; ukvm;jzLwdkYESifh qufqHrIrjyK&? ukvm;jzLo
abFm½Sd&modkY txGuft0ifrjyK&[k trdefYxkwf\/
xdkodkYtrdefYxkwfonfudk ukvm;jzLwdkYESifh ulvl;qufqHae
Muonfh Arm? ukvm;? w½kwfukefonftenf;pkwdkYu rauseyf?
xdkYaMumifh &efukefaeukvm;jzLukefonf rpöwm½SwfyufwdkYESifh yl;
aygif;í ukvm;jzLoabFmtkyf uGefrif'dkvif;bwfudkwdkif\/
þwGif uGefrif'dkvif;bwfu [Hom0wD&efukefudk acwÅtkyf
csKyfae&aom a&0efrif;BuD;qDodkY ukvm;jzLpum;jyef tuf'Gyfudk
apvTwfí ,if;trdefYudk csufjcif;½kwfodrf;ay;&rnf[k awmif;
qdk\/
þta&;onf ukvm;jzLwdkYu taMumif;½Smvsuf taumuf
awmfqdyfurf;udk ajrvSefypfouJhodkY &efukefwpfNrdKUvHk;udk t
vG,fwdkufcdkuf odrf;,lypfEdkifonfh ta&;rsdK;jzpf\/ tu,fí ck
cHwdkufcdkufMurnfqdkvQif rdrdwdkYbufrS ckcHwdkufcdkufMu&ef vlol
vufeuf bmrQtoifhr½Sdao;/
xdkYaMumifh a&0efrif;BuD;u rdrdxkwfxm;aomtrdefYudk csuf
csif;½kwfodrf;ay;vdkuf&\/ xdkYjyif ukvm;jzLwdkYESifh ta&mw0if
0ifxGufqufqHMuonfh ukefonfwdkYudk tjcm;rauseyfolwdkYu
ajymqdkaemufajymif&efpMu&mrS ukvm;jzLwdkYyg0ifvmvsuf uk
vm;jzLESifh ArmwdkY tcsif;jzpfyGm;EdkifaomaMumifh . . . ]]ukvm;
jzLwdkYESifh qufqHa&mif;0,fonfh ukefonfwdkYudk aemufajymif
&efpjcif;rjyK& . . . }} [k trdefYxkwf&ao;\/
þwGif ukvm;jzLwdkYESifh a&mif;0,fqufqHMuonfh Arm? uk
vm;? w½kwfukefonfwdkYonf ab;vlwdkY rsufpdaemufatmif
axmifaxmifvTm;vTm;vkyfvmMu\/ vrf;rBuD;ay:ü ukvm;jzL
wdkYESifh wGJwGJ wGJwGJ vkyfjyMu\/ ukefpnfvSnf;BuD;rsm;ab;u
<um;<um;0g0g atmfus,f[pfus,fajymqdk&,farmum oGm;vm
Mu\/
okdYaomf þtjyKtrlrsdK;udk Mum½SnfrvkyfvdkufMu&acs . . .
Munfhjrifwdkif (aMu;jr§ifh'dkif) ½Gmi,frS Armola|; ukefonf
BuD;OD;wifxGef;\om; rsKd;rif;onf tar&duefvlrsKd; ukvm;jzL
bkef;BuD; rpöwmuif;udwf Mr.Kincaid ESifh &if;ESD;\/ ukvm;
jzLwdkYESihfvnf; taygif;rsm;\/ uif;udwf oifMum;ay;aom
aMumifh ukvm;jzLpum;vnf; aumif;pGmwwf\/
xdkYaMumifh tcGifhaumif;BuHKBudKufwkef; ukvm;jzLoabFmt
xnf tawmfrsm;rsm;udk tjcm;ukvm;w½kwfwdkYESifh tNydKif0,f
Mu&mwGif aps;csif;wlnDygvsufESifh rsKd;rif;u&\/ okdYtwGuf
ukvm;jzLukefonfESifhwuG ukvm;jzLAdkvfi,frsm;? ukvm;jzLppf
om;rsm;? ukvm;jzLbkef;BuD;uif;udwfponfwdkYudk npmauR;arG;
&ef wpfygwnf; ac:aqmifvm\/
ukefpnfwifxm;aom rsKd;rif;\vSnf;wef;BuD;onf [Hom0
wD&efukefNrdKU\ taemufbuf o&ufawmBuD;xJrS jzwfí Munfh
jrifwdkif½GmqDodkY a½S;½IoGm;&rnfjzpf\/
ukefpnfvSnf;BuD;rsm;\ a½SUü ½Sm;yg;vSonfh pmOajymuf
EGm;ajy;EGm;acsm qifwlESpfaumifuaom vSnf;,OfwpfpD;? EGm;
ndKacsmuav; ESpfaumifuaom vSnf;,OfwpfpD;? EGm;jzLodk;
ESpfaumifuaom vSnf;,OfwpfpD;ESifh jrif;q,faumif½Sd\/
vSnf;,OfoHk;pD;ay:ü vufeufudkif ukvm;jzLppfom;rsm;?
ukvm;jzLwdkif;jynfjzpf 0DpuD? b&ef'Dt&ufrsm; ½SdMu\/ vSnf;
,OfwdkYa½SUü ukvm;jzLbkef;BuD;uif;udwf? ukvm;jzLukefonfvl
i,f? ukvm;jzLAdkvfi,frsm;ESifh npmpm;zdwfolrsKd;rif;wdkY jrif;
udk,fpDpD;vsuf toifh½SdaeMu\/
rsKd;rif;wdkYonf oabFmqdyfurf;rS xGufoGm;Mu&mü Munfh
jrifwdkif½Gmi,fodkY wef;wef;rwfrwf roGm;Mu? jrif;q,faumif?
vSnf;oHk;pD;? ukefpnfvSnf;aygif;ig;q,fjzifh [Hom0wD&efukef
NrdKUtwGif;odkY zkHaxmif;axmif;xatmif vl;vmwHkYacguf oHk;Budrf
wdkif vSnhfywfvdkufao;\/
uif;udwfrSwpfyg; rsKd;rif;onfvnf;aumif;? ukvm;jzLwdkY
onfvnf;aumif;? tawmftwefrl;aeMuNyDjzpf&m vSnf;,Ofrsm;
jrif;rsm;ay:rS atmfBuD;[pfus,f pum;ajymMu\/ opfyifrsm;t
Mum;ü yJhwifoH½dkufcwfusef&pfatmif w[m;[m; w0g;0g;&,f
Mu\/ [Hom0wD&efukefNrdKUwpfckvHk; oif;wdkYtoH\ yJhwifoH
rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? oif;wdkYvSnf;rsm;aMumifh xaom zkHwdkYjzifh
vnf;aumif; zHk;vTrf;usef&pfcJh\/ oif;wdkYurl Munfhjrifwdkif½Gm
i,fodkY oGm;&mvrf;½Sdonfh NrdKUtaemufbuf o&ufawmtkyf
BuD;xJodkY 0ifoGm;Mu\/
rsKd;rif;wdkY o&ufawmBuD;twGif;odkY 0ifoGm;Muonfhtcsdef
onf MuufpmauR;csdef aecsKd½HkrQ½Sdao;\/ aevHk;usí EGm;½dkif;
oGif;csdefa&mufonfESifh [Hom0wD&efukefESifhwuG teD;tyg; ½Gm
i,fuav;awGtm;vHk;odkY txdwfwvefYowif;wpfcka&mufvm
\/
]]Munfhjrifwdkifola|;om; rsKd;rif;udk vlqdk;awGu o&uf
awmBuD;xJu apmifhNyD;zrf;oGm;MuowJh . . . twlygoGm;wJh uk
vm;jzLppfom; ESpfusdyfausmfeJY ukefwifvSnf;ig;q,fausmfudkyg
ac:oGm;vdkufao;owJh . . . }}
xdkowif;onf awmrD;avmifovdk ae&mtESHY ½kwfcsnf;jyefY
\/ ]]jzpfEdkifyghrvm; . . . rjzpfEdkifwmBuD; . . . }} [k wcsKdUu
qdkMu\/ ]]qdkEdkifbl; . . . [kwfcsif[kwfrSm . . . 'Daumifu uk
vm;jzLawGeJY aygif;aeawmh tjrifuwfvdkY wrifvkyfwmvnf;
jzpfcsifjzpfrSmaygh . . . }} [k wcsKdUuajymMu\/ ]]oif;tzrf;cH&
wm rcH&wmu ta&;rBuD;ygbl; . . . aoewfoHwpfcsuf r
Mum;vdkuf&yJeJY ukvm;jzLawGyg tm;vHk;ygoGm;Muw,fqdkvdkY ig
wdkYu tHhMovGef;vdkY . . . }} [k tcsKdUutHhMoMu\/
[Hom0wD&efukefwpfNrdKUvHk; vIyfvIyf½G½Gjzpfae\/ &efukef
NrdKUudk acwÅtkyfcsKyfae&onfh a&0efrif;BuD;tzdkY Munfhjrifwdkif
ola|;om;rsKd;rif;udk vlqdk;awGu zrf;oGm;onfhtwGuf ta&;r
BuD;? ta&;BuD;onfum; . . .
xdkvlqdk;wdkYonf Armbk&ifrif;w&m;BuD;udk axmifxm;x
<urnfh vlqdk;awGvm; . . .
ukvm;jzLawGudkyg zrf;oGm;onfhtwGuf ukvm;jzLoabFm
udk tkyfcsKyfonfhAdkvfESifh rnfodkY ajyvnfatmif jyKvkyf&yghrvJ
. . . [laomudpöawGjzpf\/
ykZGefawmif½Gmi,fü½Sdonfh oDv0gapmifh oHk;cGyJheif;BuD;tdrf
odkY rif;vkvifrsm;udk apvTwf&\/ "EkwfuGif;rS vIdifolBuD;udk t
ac:cdkif;&\/ ausmufarmfNrdKU0ef r[mrif;ausmf&mZmudk yifhzdwf&
\/ ta0;a&mufpma&; rif;ausmfrif;xifudk ac:,l&\/ &JAdkvf
armifydk olYtvdkvdk a&mufvmojzifh a&0efrif;BuD; tvkyfouf
omoGm;\/ tm;vHk;rsufESmcsif;qdkifrdMuonfESifh . . . ]]yodkYjyK&
ygNcdrfh . . . }} [k a&0efrif;BuD;u pwiftBuHawmif;\/
þowif;udk ukvm;jzLbkef;BuD;uif;udwfu vmajymjcif;
jzpf\/ vlqdk;wdkYu rSmMum; tajymtqdkvTwfvdkufaomaMumifh
uif;udwf vGwfvm&jcif;jzpfonfqdk\/ vlqdk;qdkolwdkYrSm tm;
vHk; q,hfoHk;a,mufrQom½Sd\/ oif;wdkY vkyf&nfBuH&nf vlpGrf;
vlp½Sdoolcsnf; jzpfyHk&\/
uif;udwfajymcsuft& oif;wdkYonf ukvm;jzLawGxJrS t
BuD;tuJjzpfaom Adkvfi,fuav;rsm;udk odESifhMuonfqdk\/ o
&ufawmBuD;twGif;odkY jzwf0ifvmMuí prf;acsmif;i,fuav;udk
ausmfrdMuonfESifh toifhapmifhaeMuaom oif;wdkYvlpku ukvm;
jzLAdkvfi,fajcmufa,mufESifh rsKd;rif;udk jzKwfcsnf; jrif;ay:ckef
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Nc,fay;aeonfhaumif;uifaBumihf a½TndKa&mifxaom vdIif;
BuufcGyfrsm;ESifh wvufvufvSaeonfh ykpGefawmifacsmif;a&
,Ofonf NzwfausmfoGm;vdkufaom avmif;avSi,faBumihf ½kwf
½kwfoJoJ&,faebdodkY vdIif;xvIyf½Sm;\/
aqGqufonf Nr½GufESifhtwl &yfai;ae&onfudkyif wodrfh
odrfhBunfEl;ae\/ ai;armaeaom aqGquf\rsufESmudk Nr½Guf
u Bunhfvdkufonf/ aeavmifaomaBumihf &ifhusufaeonhf
tom;? ay:vGifaomESmwH? nDnmaomezl;? cRefaomyg;½dk;? cdkif
rmaomar;½dk;wdkYESifh yDoxif½Sm;onfh rsufvHk;? ESmacgif;? yg;pyf
wdkY ½Sd\/ rsufESmü xdcdkufyGef;yJhaeonhf 'Pf&mwdkYonf &ifh
usufaom a,musfm;wpfa,muf\ yDyDoorsufESmudk rzsufqD;
Edkif½Hkru vSycefYnm;atmif xyfqifhtrTrf;wifay;aeouJhodkY ½Sd
\/
]]Bunhfprf; . . . trSwfrxif aevmcJhrdwmudk; . . . wu,f
awmh olu a,musfm;yDyD cefYacsmBuD;acsmwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ
. . . }} [k pdwfxJuawG;vdkufrd\/
xdkodkY ai;armawG;rdqJ aqGqufu zswfceJ Nr½GufrsufESmudk
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vdkuf&½Hkomru aqGqufrsufvHk;udk NyefBunhfaerd&ao;\/ zdk
aom&ifNzifh £aNEýsufpGm rsufESmvTJvdkufrd\/
]]vmav . . . tdrfxJudk oGm;r,f . . . }}
Nr½Gufonf rdrdtoHudk rdrdrrSwfrdavmufatmif toHysufae
aBumif; owdxm;rd\/ csufcsif; reufNzefrS zcifBuD;\&uf
vnfqGrf;udk uyf&rnf/ ,ck rdrdu þodkYNzpfae&onfrSm oifh
avsmfygrnfvm;[k awG;awm\/ rdrdukd,frdrd tNypfwif puf
qkyf½Suf½HGUrd\/
odkYaomf cufaeonfum; zcifBuD;us&onfudk pdwfxdcdkuf
onfrSef\/ rsuf&nfurxGuf? 0rf;enf;ívnf;r&/ ]]igwkdYtb
ukvm;NzLawGudkwkduf&if; us&wmyJ . . . bmNzpfovJ . . . }} [k
*kPfawmif,lvdkufcsifao;\/ odkYayrifh vlawGu uJh&JUwwfBu
onf/
zcifaoqHk;vQif zcifudk wu,fcspfcifaom Adkif;aumif;
ausmufzdNzpfaom rdef;uav;wpfa,mufonf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;&
rnf? rsuf&nfpufvufNzpfae&rnf? ylyHkyef;½kyfuav;ESifh oem;
pzG,fNzpfaeí t&yfu 0dkif;0ef;BuifemNcif;? tm;ay;pum;aNym
Ncif;udk cHae&rnfNzpf\/
Nr½Gufonf t&yf\uJh&JUNcif;udk rcH&avatmif tenf;t
usOf; [efaqmifNidrfoufBunhf\/ xdkodkY [efaqmifae&if; 0rf;
xJu &,fcsifvmaomaBumihf ½dk;½dk;yifukd,ftwdkif; yGifhyGifhvif;
vif;aevdkuf&onf/
oem;csifaeBuaom taygif;toif;rsm;ESifh t&yfuta':
BuD;rsm;? &yfrd&yfzrsm;ponfwdkYonf Nr½GufudkBunhfvsuf raus
reyfNzpfBu\/ rdrdwdkYoem;&rnfholu oem;p&m½kyfrsKd;r½Sdav
aomtcg pdwfqdk;Bu\/
t½G,fa&mufcgrS rdwqdk;uav;Nzpfvsuf 'Dtaz'DorD;ESpfOD;
wnf; usef&pfcJh&m ,ck taumif;om;trGefom; tusef;rmom;
ESifh 'DorD;uav;udk wpfaumifBuGufxm;ypfcJhum ukvm;NzLwdkY
ESifhwdkuf&if; tazu usqHk;oGm;cJh&\/
'gxuf oem;p&m? vGrf;p&m? pdwfxdckdufp&mtNzpfrsKd;onf
r½Sd/ 'gawmif 'DorD;u rsufESmw,frnd§K;vS? £aNE´w,frysuf
vS/
odkYaomf ArmwdkYonf Buifemwwfolrsm;Nzpf&um; roem;&
vQifraeEdkif . . .
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bmrSvJ vla&;vl&mrodbl; . . . 0rf;enf;&aumif;rSef; pdwfyl&
aumif;rSef; rod½Smbl; . . . rsufESmodyfrysufvSbl;[Jh . . . }}
Nr½Gufudk þodkYaomtBunhfrsKd;Nzifh BunhfBu\/ þodkYaom
tNrifrsKd;Nzifh NrifBu\/ tcsKdUu wpfaumifBuGuf wpfrsufESm
usef&pfcJh&aom Nr½Gufudk,fpm; Nr½Guf\a½SUa&;udk awG;awmyl
yefBu\/
]]vlqdkwm wpfbufu ukodkvfqdk;&if wpfbufu ukodkvf
aumif;wwfBuw,f[Jh . . . Nr½Gufudk BunhfNrifwdkifolaX;om;u
BudKufvdkufwmrS zsyfzsyfudkvl;vdkY . . . vlBuD;csif; em;awmif
azmufNyD;BuNyDyJ . . . tckqdk&if tom,lvdkufNyD; olaX;uawmf
vkyfaevdkuf½Hkaygh . . . }}
]]nnf;wdkYaNymovdkawmh vG,fom;yJath . . . 'gayr,fh Nr
½Gufua&m Nr½GufwdkYtazua&m tJ'DolaX;om;udk olwdkYtdrf t
0iftxGufvkyfvkyfaewmawmif vlBuD;awGu tvdkuftxkdufae
ayr,fh Nr½Gufu armif;awmifcsowJh . . . }}
]][dkwkef;uawmh [kwfcsif[kwfBurSmayghat . . . 'gayr,fh
olYcrsm tckawmh tm;udk;&mrJh . . . wpfaumifBuGufr[kwfvm;
. . . }}
þodkY Nr½GufESifh olaX;om;taBumif; aNymaecsdefüyif Bunfh
NrifwdkifolaX;om; a&mufvm\/ aemufvdkufaemufyg tacRt
&HESifh pDpDnHnH½SdvS\/
olaX;om;onf ykodrfyk0gudk rsufcHk;pyftxdzHk;tkyfvsuf t
aBumhtarmh acgif;udk&pfaygif;xm;\/ vGef;BuD;csdwfykqdk;½Snfudk
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½Trf;½Trf;NrnfoHudk tdrftay:xyfrSBum;&\/ olaX;om;\aemuf
rS uGrf;tpfudkif? aq;tpfudkif? "m;vG,fudkif vl½Spfa,mufcefY yg
vmBuonf/ olaX;om;\Nrif;wdkYudk r@yftNyif tdrf0if;x&Hü
wef;pDcsdwfxm;Bu\/
{nhfonfawG0ifvmonfudkNrifaomaBumihf Nr½GufESifh pum;
aNymaeonfhaqGqufu ae&mrSxvdkufonf/
]]usKyfNyefr,f rNr½Guf . . . eufNzefrSvmawmhr,f . . . }}
]]aeOD; tpfudkquf . . . Nr½Gufyg atmufur@yfxJudk
vdkufcJhtHk;r,f . . . }}
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½Sifqdkwm udk,fhema&;udpöudka&mufvmwJhvlqdk&if 0wå&m;aus
atmif {nfhcH&w,f . . . NyD;awmh 'D{nhfonfuvJ wpfaeY udk,fh
tdrfOD;ewfNzpfvm&r,fh . . . }}
]]tdk . . . tpfudkqufuvJ . . . }}
Nr½Gufonf aqGquf\pum;udkrS qHk;atmifem;raxmifyJ
r@yf½Sd tysKdazmfrsm;qDodkY qif;oGm;\/
tqif;twufü Nr½GufESifh olaX;om;rsKd;rif;wdkY qHkvdkufrdBu
aomfvnf; Nr½Gufu rNrifbdokdYNyKvsuf rdrdoGm;rnfhvrf;udk a½S;
½Iqif;oGm;\/
olaX;om;rsKd;rif;onf ae&mwGif&yfvsuf Nr½Gufudk vnfNyef
vSnfhBunhfae&mrS vlBuD;0dkif;rS rdrdtm; qD;BudKEIwfqufvdkuf
onfhae&modkY t½SufaNyxdkif&ef oGm;\/
aqGqufonf vrf;z,fay;vsuf ab;wGif&yf\/ xdkYaemuf
wnfwHhazmfa½GaomtNyKH;ESifh olaX;om;rsKd;rif;udk Bunhf\/
rsKd;rif;onf aqGqufudk rsufapmif;Nzifh wpfcsufBunfh
vdkufNyD;aemuf rwlrwef rodbl;oluJhodkYNyKvsuf vlBuD;0dkif;½Sd
&modkY oGm;\/ olaX;om;ESifh tacRt&HwdkY vGefoGm;BurS aqG
qufonf &yfae&mrS r@yfwGif;odkY qif;vmcJhonf/
i½kwfoD;axmif;aeBuonfh tysKd0dkif;xJrS Nr½Gufu rwfwyf
xvkdufonf/
]]tpfudkquf . . . reufNzef b,ftcsdefvmrSmvJ . . . }}
]]usKyfvmEdkif&if cyfapmapmyJ vmcJhr,fav . . . }}
]][kwfw,f . . . Nr½GufuvJ tpfudkqufudk cyfapmapmvm
apcsifw,f . . . [dk . . . [kd . . . }}
Nr½Gufonf pum;ukdqufraNymyJ twefBumatmif ai;ae
\/ teD;0ef;usifü tvkyfvkyfaeBuaom tysKdrsm;? umvom;
rsm;u rdrdwdkYvkyfaeBuonfhtvkyfudk &yfvsuf Nr½GufaNymrnfhp
um;udk apmifhqdkif;em;axmifaeBu\/ aqGqufuvnf; em;pGifh
ae\/ Nr½Gufonf teD;ywfvnfodkY rsufvHk;wpfcsufupm;
vdkufNyD;aemuf aqGquf½Sd&modkY Bunhf\/
]]eufNzefcg bBuD;wdkYvJ rvmEdkifBubl; . . . Nr½GufuyJ vl
BuD;vkyfNyD; a&pufcs&rSm . . . 'gu udpör½Sdbl; . . . reuf
apmapm bBuD;wdkYqDudk oGm;r,fhavSBuHK½Sdw,f . . . tJ'g tpfudk
qufeJY Nr½GufwkdY wpfaeYoGm;&atmif tac:vTwfvdkufygvdkY b
BuD;qDudk rSmvdkufcsifw,f . . . tJ'g wdkifyifcsifvdkY . . . }}
]]b,folvJ bBuD;qdkwm . . . ckevlBuD; OD;NrwfxGef;qdkwm
vm; . . . usKyfwdkY bmvkyfzdkYoGm;BurSmvJ . . . Nr½Gufudk vdkufydkY
ay;&rSmvm; . . . }}
]]ydkYzdkYcsnf; r[kwfygbl; . . . Nr½Gufwpfa,mufxJvJ oGm;Edkif
ygw,f . . . tpfudkqufudk bBuD;eJY pum;aNymapcsifvdkYyg . . .
}}
teD;ywf0ef;usifrS tvkyfvkyfonfudk &yfíem;axmifaeBu
aomolwdkYonf b,fvdkrS xl;Ncm;onfhpum;rsm; r[kwfaom
aBumihf rdrdwdkYNyKvkyfptvkyfrsm;udk qufvufvkyfudkifaeBu\/
xdktwGif; olwdkY\rsufpdonf aqGqufESifh Nr½GufwdkY½Sd&mrS t
Ncm;bufodkY a&mufoGm;\/ vSD;vufpBuufoGef? axmif;vufp
i½kwfoD;axmif;Ncif; tvkyfrsm;udk &yfypfvdkufBu\/
aqGqufESifhNr½Gufab;rS olaX;om;rsKd;rif; 0ifa&muf&yfvm
onf/ aqGqufonf wnfNidrfaomtNyHK;ESifh rsKd;rif;udk vSnfh
BunhfvdkufNyD;aemuf oHk;a,mufqdkif&yfomatmif ae&mz,fay;
vdkuf\/
rsKd;rif;u z,fay;onfhae&mudk 0if,lvdkuf&if; Nr½Guf\
rsufESmudk wchHwnm; pdrf;pdrf;pm;pm;Bunhf\/
]]tazBuD;vJ rwkNydKifoifhwmudk wkNydKifwdkufcdkufrdvkdY qHk;yg;
oGm;&½SmygNyD . . . 'geJYawmifrS Nrav;wpfa,muf[m b,folY
tm;udk;eJY rmerdk;BuD;aumif;ae&wmygvdrfh . . . }}
Nr½Gufu rvIyfr½Sm;vSnhfrBunhfyJ Nidrfoufae\/ xdkYaemuf
aqGqufbufodkY vSnfhvdkuf\/
]]enf;enf;apmapmvmapcsifwmyJ tpfudkquf . . . uJ . . .
tpfudkqufvJ NyefcsifaeNyD . . . Nr½GufvJ tdrfay:Nyefwufawmh
r,f . . . }}
Nr½Guf vSnhfxGufoGm;awmhrnfNyKpOf tm;wHkYtm;emNzpfae
aom aqGqufbufodkY rsKd;rif;uvSnhfvdkuf\/
]]b,fheJY . . . udk,fha&mif;&if;rsufESmvJ ol&Jaumif;wHqdyf
awGtNynfheJY vSvdkYygvm; . . . 'gaBumihf Nrav;wdkYu 'gavmuf
ta&;ay;aewm rSwfw,f . . . }}
Nr½Guf\aNcvSrf;onf wHkYoGm;\/ aqGquf\rsufESmonf
wif;ceJNzpfoGm;\/ odkYaomf rsKd;rif;\rsufESmudk wpfcsufrQ
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. . . EdkifiHNcm;om;awGa½SUrSm qHyifuudkifNyD; 0if;Nyifta&muf aNr
BuD;ay:u w½GwfwdkufqGJxkwfcH&vdkY rsufESmrSmwHqdyf&vmwJh
ol&Jaumif;a,musfm;rsKd;ukd rdef;rysKdawGu BudKufwwfovm;
. . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
aqGqufonf apmfum;armfum;NyKvSaom rsKd;rif;udk wpfpHk
wpfckNyKvkyfawmhrnfuJhodkY vIyf½Sm;vdkufrdNyD;rS 0dkif;BunhfaeBu
aom rdef;rysKdrsm;ESifh {nhfonfa,musfm;rdef;rwdkYudk rsufpdupm;
vdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf yg;pyfryGifhaomtNyKH;ESifh EIwfcrf;wpfNcrf;
wnf;NyHK;vdkuf\/
]]tJ'gawG usKyfwdkY ½GmNyifa&mufrSaNymBupdkY . . . vmAsm . . .
tdrf½Sifu {nfhrcHwJhtwlwl usKyfeJYNyefvdkufcJhygvm; . . . }}
aqGquf\toHonf cyfat;at;cyfwdk;wdk;yifNzpf\/ rsKd;
rif;u toHus,favmifpGm [m;wdkuf&,fvdkuf\/
]]udk,fha&mif;&if;u aemufxyfwHqdyfBuD;BuD;awG xyfvdkcsif
aew,frSwfw,f . . . }}
xdkpOf Nr½Guf\vufonf rsKd;rif;\acgif;rS ykodrfyk0gpudk
NAKef;ceJqGJNzKwfcsvdkuf\/
]]½SifhwHqdyfrsKd;eJY b,foif;uomovJ . . . ½SifhwHqdyfu uk
vm;NzLawGudk arsmufu uNyvdkY&wJhwHqdyf . . . [dkwHqdyfu uk
vm;NzLvnfrsKdudk "m;aNr§mifeJYaxmufNyD; NrdKU0efBuD;tdrf0if;xJrSm
apmfum;armfum;vkyfwJhukvm;NzLawGudk armif;xkwfcJhvdkY . . .
ukvm;NzLawGudk aBumufae&wJhArmawGu ukvm;NzLawG
auseyfatmif ay;vdkuf&wJh wHqdyf . . .
tJ'DwHqdyfESpfck b,foif;uwefzdk;½Sdw,fqdkwm ½SifhvdkrsKd;
zsufuawmh b,fodrvJ . . . }}
0dkif;0ef;BunhfaeBuolwdkYonf Nr½Guf\pum;qHk;onfESifh rsKd;
rif;\rsufESmudk vSnhfBunfh\/ rsKd;rif;\ezl;ü ]rsKd;zsuf} [l
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\/
rsKd;rif;onf ½kwfw&uf bmvkyf&rnfrodyJ ae&mwGif&yf
um BuufaoBuD;aoae\/ xdkYaemuf owdNyef0ifvmvsuf yk0g
pudkudkifxm;aom Nr½Guf\vufaumuf0wfudk vSrf;qkyfvkduf
\/
]]½Sif . . . vTwfprf; . . . usKyf vufoew,f . . . }}
Nr½Gufu yk0gudkqkyfudkifxm;&if; vufudk½kef;\/ rsKd;rif;u
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½Guf\vufxJ½Sd yk0gpudkaNz,l\/ þwGif Nr½Guf\vufwGif
0wfxm;aom ausmufuRwfaeonfhvufpGyfudk Nrifonf/
rsKd;rif;onf yk0gudk vufrSaNzr,lawmhyJ Nr½Guf\vufudk
aNr§muf,lBunfh&if; ol&JtaNcmufcH&ol\rsufESmuJhodkY wNznf;
Nznf; txdwfwvefYNzpfvm\/
xkdYaemuf Nr½Guf\rsufESmudk NyL;NyJBunhfvsuf aemufqkwf
aemufqkwfNyK&if; vufn§Kd;Nzifhxdk;xm;\/
]]eif . . . eif . . . eif . . . }}
rsKd;rif;onf pum;udkrSqufraNymEdkifatmifNzpfvsuf aemuf
qkwfaemufqkwfNyKí tawmfuav; tvSrf;uGmoGm;rS&yf\/
ab;ü½SdaeBuaomolwdkYvnf; rsKd;rif; þrQtxd txdwfw
vefYNzpfaeonfudkBunhfí bkrodbrod a&maESmaemufqkwfBu
\/
rsKd;rif;onf Nr½GufrsufESmrS vHk;0rcGmyJ cg;xJü vdyfíxnhf
xm;aom txkyfwpfckudkEIduf,l\/ xdkYaemuf xkdtxkyfudkr
BunhfyJ aNz,lNyD; Nr½GufudkNy\/
]]Bunhfprf; . . . 'DrSmBunhfprf; . . . 'g eifh[mrIwfvm; . . .
eif . . . "m;Ny . . . olcdk;"m;Ny . . . }}
rsKd;rif;\vufrESifh vufn§Kd;Bum;wGif ZD;uif;cefY½Sdaom
aBumifausmufwpfvHk;½Sd\/
Nr½Guf\vufonf Buufuav;udkokwfvdkufaom odef;pGef
uhJodkY rsKd;rif;\vufxJrSausmufudk zswfceJvk,lvdkuf\/
]][kwfwmaygh . . . 'g Nr½GufvufpGyfu ausmufaygh . . .
aq;txdk;cH&rSm ½Sufw,fqdkvdkY ½Sifhudkyg;½dkufwkef;u uRwfus
usef&pfwmNzpfrSmyJ . . . 'g bBuD;uay;xm;wJh ausmuf . . . }}
Nr½Gufu aNymaNymqdkqdk rsKd;rif;\ykodrfyk0gudk aNrodkYypfcs
vdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf vufxJ½Sdausmufudk yg;pyfwGifiHkvdkufNyD; rsKd;
rif;\rsufESmbufodkY wnfhwnfh&ifqdkif\/
rsKd;rif;onf rdrdaemufvdkufrsm;tBum;odkY aNy;0if&if; rdrd
aemufvdkufwpfa,muf\"m;vG,frS iSufBuD;awmifaqmif"m;udk
qGJxkwfqkyfudkifvdkuf\/
]]rdNyD . . . rdNyD . . . usKyfvSnf;awGudkwdkufwJh 'Nrr . . .
oif; acgif;aqmifyJ . . . oif;udk usKyfwdkY tckzrf;&r,f . . .
a[h . . . 'dkYvlawG . . . bmvkyfaeBuwmvJ . . . oif;udk 0dkif;
ygvm; . . . oif;udkzrf;Bu . . . onf'Nrrudk zrf;Bu . . . }}
rsKd;rif;onf t½l;uJhodkY rsufvHk;NyL;NyL;NyJNyJNzpfaevsuf w
armwyef; a'gowBuD;atmf[pf\/ r@yftwGif;ü vlawG w
Nznf;Nznf;tHkvmvsuf Nr½GufwdkYudk 0dkif;ydwfxm;ouJhodkY Nzpfae
\/ BuufoGefvSD;ol? i½kwfoD;axmif;olwdkYuvnf; wNznf;
Nznf;aemufqkwfoGm;Buum 0kdif;BunhfaeBuaom vlawGtBum;
ü a&mufae\/
rsKd;rif;\aoG;xdk;cdkif;apcsuft& rsKd;rif;\wynhfwyef;wdkY
uvnf; "m;wazG;azG;Nzifh 0dkif;0ef;ckwfxpfBuawmhrnfuJhodkY
wpfpwpfp Nr½GufteD;odkY vSnfhywf0ef;&HvmBu\/
vlBuD;0dkif;½Sd vltcsKdUwdkYu rqGJ0Hh? rwm;qD;0HhESifh [kwfonf
r[kwfonfudkvnf; r,Hk&J,Hk&JNzpfaeBu\/ tcsKdUvlBuD;rsm;u
þodkYNzpfaeonfudk rBunhf&uf/ yJheif;BuD;om½SdvQif oif;wdkY 'g
avmuf½Sd acgif;eJYudk,feJYawmif tdk;pm;uGJukefBuNyD[k awG;\/
]]armif&if udkirsKd;rif;wdkY&JU . . . Bunhf½IvJvkyfBuyg[Jh . . .
[kwf&ifvJ at;at;csrf;csrf;? r[kwf&ifvJ at;at;csrf;csrf;vkyf
BurSaygh . . . bmrSr½SdwJhrdef;rwpfa,mufudk "m;awGeJY0dkif;aeBu
wmuawmh t½kyfqdk;vGef;vSygw,f . . . }}
vlBuD;wpfa,mufu wm;qD;vdkufaompum;onf wpfcsdef
vHk; NidrfouftHhtm;oifhaeaom aqGqufudk vSefYEdI;vdkufbdodkY ½Sd
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rsm;rS ,ckuJhodkY pkaygif;a&muf½SdaeBuolrsm;Nzpf&m rdrdwdkYu ,
ckuJhodkYrpkrdyJ rdrdwdkYaus;½GmwdkYüaexdkifwkef; tNcm;olwdkYu ,ck
rdrdwdkYuJhodkY vma&mufzsufqD;BurnfqdkvQif rdrdwdkYpdwfü b,f
vdkaeBurvJ[k ar;\/
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oem;cspfcifzG,faumif;onfh rdrdwdkYtrsKd;om;tcsif;csif; rdrdwdkY
uNyefí apmfum;NyBuOD;rnfqdkvQif tNcm;aomwdkif;wyg;om;
wdkYonf rdrdwdkYxufyif ydkíapmfum;NyBuvdrfhrnf . . .
rdrdwdkY ,ckuJhodkY vufeufudkiftzGJYtpnf;Nzpfvmatmif zGJY
pnf;xm;Buonfhrlv&nf½G,fcsufonf oem;cifrifzG,faumif;
aom rdrdwdkYaus;½Gmom;rsm;udk apmfum;n§Of;qJ&efr[kwf/ rdrdwdkY
aus;½Gmom;rsm;udk apmfum;n§Of;qJ&ef a&mufvmBurnfh wdkif;w
yg;om;wdkYudk wdkufcdkufESifxkwfypf&ef pkpnf;xm;BuonfhtzGJYNzpf
\/ ,ck ukvm;NzLwdkYonf Armaus;½Gmom;rsm;ESifhwuG ArmEdkif
iHudkyg usK;ausmf&efpvmNyDNzpfaBumif; tm;vHk;todNzpf\/ onf
vdktcsdefrsKd;wGif tEdkifrcHt½HI;ray;yJ ukvm;NzLawGudkwdkufcdkuf
&ef zGJYpnf;xm;onfh ArmwyfawGu ukvm;NzLawGudkrwdkufyJ
vkyfwdkif;cHae&rnfhArmawGudk tcsif;csif;tEdkifusifhESdyfpufaeBu
onfqdkonfrSm ½Sufp&maumif;vS\/ xdkYaBumihf aemufwpfBudrf
þodkYNyKvQif vHk;0onf;rcHawmh[k aqGqufuaNymxm;\/
þodkYaNymxm;NyD;írSrBumao;rD izm;wdkYvlpkonf ukef;½dk;
wef;ay:½Sd ½Gmwpf½Gmudk rD;wdkufaeBuNyD[laomowif; a&muf
vm\/ aqGqufonf pdwfvnf;ysuf\/ a'govnf;xGuf\/
onfvlawGESifh Nzpfygawmhrvm;[kvnf; awG;\/
]]uJ . . . tba& . . . 'DaeY usaemfwdkYawmh udk,fhtcsif;csif;
wpfyGJwpfvrf; tuJprf;Bu&awmhrSmyJ . . . }}
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yg;pyfxJ½Sd aq;½GufzwfBuD;udk wpfcsufESpfcsufvSdrfh0g;&if; aq;
&nfudk ]Aspf}ceJ axG;xkwfvdkuf\/
]]tysif;aNyoy vlav;&m . . . 'grSvJ aemufudk 'dkYaNym&if
tvG,fwuleJY em;axmifvmBury . . . }}
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½GmxJodkY Nrif;udk,fpDNzifha&mufvm\/ ½GmxJu izm;wdkYzrf;qD;
ac:aqmifxm;olrsm;rSwpfyg; tNcm;&yfol½Gmom;rsm; r½SdBu
awmh/
tdrfawGtwGif;rS qGJ,larTaESmuf,lxm;aom ypönf;wdkYonf
½Gmvrff;ray:ü z½dkz&JNyefYusJae\/
tcsKdUae&mrsm;ü NymyHkrsm;? rD;avmifwdkifikwfrsm;rS rD;cdk;aiGY
rsm; wvlvlxGufae\/ tcsKdUae&m½Sd tdrfBuD;tdrfaumif;wdkYonf
rD;[kef;[kef;awmufvsuf Nzef;Nzef;aNzmif;aNzmif;Nrnfae\/ ½Gm\
txufü rD;cdk;vHk;BuD;rsm;arSmifvsuf xdkrD;cdk;vHk;BuD;rsm;tBum;
wGif iSufpGefwdkYuvnf; 0JaeBu\/
vloluif;aom tdrfay:tdrfatmufwdkYü izm;\taygif;t
oif;wdkYonf txkyftydk;BuD;rsm;vG,fívnf;aumif;? Buufrsm;
bJrsm;udkqGJívnf;aumif;? uRJrsm;EGm;rsm;udkqGJívnf;aumif;?
0ufrsm;udkwkyfíxrf;í? qdwfrsm;udkqGJívnf;aumif; wpfae&m
rSwpfae&modkY ul;oef;oGm;vmaeBu\/
uGrf;pm;vdkaomolonf uGrf;oD;wpfvHk;vdkumrQNzifhvnf;
uGrf;oD;yifudkckwfvSJcsí rdrdvdkaomuGrf;oD;udk qGwf\/ t&uf
ESifhpm;aomuf&ef tNrnf;pm;vdkoluvnf; csnfxm;aomEGm;\
aygifom;udk t½SifvwfvwfvSD;,lvsuf xif;rD;&ap&eftwGuf
tdrfwpfaqmifvHk;udkrD;wif½dIUí xdkrD;Nzifh tom;udkzkwf\/
izm;ESifh tausmftarmfrdkufzufwdkYonf ½Gmv,fü aysmfyGJBuD;
usif;yaeBu\/ olwdkYonf opfyifBuD;rsm;tkyfqdkif;aeaom
us,f0ef;vSonfhaNruGufvyfBuD;ay:ü NzJNzJum;um; aNcqif;vJ
vlxdkifaeBu\/
olwdkYvufxJü t&ufcGufrsm; udk,fpD½SdBu\/ olwdkY\a½SUü
prJ[if;vsmrsm;udk AsyfBuD;Nzifhxnfhí oHk;acsmif;axmufay:üwif
xm;\/
i,fEkEkrdef;rysKdav;rsm;onf izm;wdkY\ NzJum;xm;aomaNc
axmufBuD;rsm;udk wkefvIyfaomvufuav;rsm;Nzifh qkyfe,fay;
aeBu\/ rnfolrQ rsufvTmryifh0Hh/ xdwfaom&if wkefvIyfaom
udk,fvufrsufESmwdkYNzifh tNrJwrf; rsufvTmcsxm;Bu\/
izm;onf AswfxJ½Sd prJ[if;vsmwHk;udk vSHNzifhxdk;,lvdkuf\/
xkdYaemuf t&ufwpfusKduf? tom;wpfudkuf udkufae&mrS rdrd
aNcaxmufudkESdyfay;aeonfh rdef;rysKd\rsufESmudk iHkYBunhf\/ vSH
oGm;ü½Sdaomtom;wHk;udk rdef;uav;\yg;pyfem;odkYa&mufatmif
NAKef;ceJxdk;ay;\/ rdef;uav;u txdwfwvefYrsufESmNzifh
aemufodkYwGefY\/ izm;u oGm;wpfNyHKvHk;ay:atmif yg;pyfBuD;
NzJí &,f\/
]]a&mh . . . pm; . . . }}
rdef;uav;u acgif;,rf;vsuf tvGefaBumuf½GHUpGm aemuf
odkYwGefY\/ rl;aom izm;\rsufESmonf wif;rmvm\/
]][Jh . . . pm;prf; . . . }}
rdef;rysKdu rdrdyg;pyfteD;odkYa&mufvmonfh vSHzsm;udkBunhf
vsuf vefYatmfrdawmhrnfuJhokdY yg;pyfudk[vdkuf\/
]]uJ[m . . . }}
tom;wHk;ESifhwuG vHSoGm;udkyg rdef;rysKd\yg;pyfxJodkY xdk;
oGif;vdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf rsufESmudk aNcaxmufNzifhuefvsuf vSH
oGm;udkEIwf\/
]]a[; . . . aNy;r,fhtxJudk 'Daumifryg qGJxnfhvdkufprf;
. . . }}
izm;\tazmfwpfa,mufu yg;pyfrS aoG;rsm;pD;usaeonfh
rdef;rysKdudk ½kyfao;½kyfudkqGJ,loGm;bdodkY vufwpfzufudkudkif
vsuf w½GwfwdkufqGJoGm;\/
izm;u xdkif&mrSxvsuf ,pfaomrsufvHk;Nzifh wpfzufodkY
vSrf;Bunhf\/
]]b,folYtvSnfhvJa[h . . . }}
]]iusm; . . . }}
]]tm; . . . iusm;vm; . . . iusm;qdk&if b,fESpfaumifvJ
a[h . . . }}
]]rif;qDuaumifryg&if aNcmufa,mufuGm . . . }}
]]aNcmufa,mufenf;w,fa[h . . . ckepfa,muf . . . }}
]]&&if rif;bmay;rvJ . . . }}
]]&om&ygapuGm . . . igukd,fwdkif t&ufwpfcGufiSJYNyD; rif;
qDudk ½dk½dkaoaovmay;r,f . . . }}
]]wu,faemf . . . rif;pum; rif;rSwfxm; . . . }}
]]rSwfw,fuGm . . . }}
]]pdrfvdkuf . . . }}
]]at; . . . pdrfw,f . . . rif;om &ygap . . . }}
izm;ESifh iusm;wdkYNyKvkyfaeBuonfh tavmif;tpum;um;
q,fvHywfvnfcefY½Sdaom uGufvyf\tv,fodkY zrf;qD;xm;
onfh ½GmxJuvlawGudkac:vm\/
xdkYaemuf ]aNy;Bu} [katmfí taNy;cdkif;\/ xdkpOf tNyifrS
rdrdtvSnhfusa&mufolu uGufvyftwGif;odkY Nrif;udk 'kef;pdkif;
0ifvmvsuf uGufvyftwGif;ü½Sdaeao;onhf aNy;vTm;aeBuol
rsm;udk wpfa,mufrSrvGwfatmif xdk;ckwf&\/ uGufvyftNyif
odkYa&mufatmif aNy;Edkifoludk rxdk;&? rckwf&? vGwf\/
rckwfEdkifrxdk;Edkifí wpfa,mufESpfa,mufvGwfxGufoGm;
vQif xdk;ckwfol t½Suf&\/ wpfa,mufrusef xdk;ckwfowfNzwf
EdkifvQif vlawmfNzpf\/ wpfBudrfvQif vltrsm;qHk; aoaBuysuf
pD;atmif ckwfEdkifxdk;Edkifav *kPf½Sdav . . .
avmif;aBu;um; vlwpfa,mufydkckwfEdkifvQif ½HI;olu t
&ufwpfcGufiSJYay;&Ncif;yif Nzpf\/
,ckvnf; iusm;onf vlckepfa,mufudk rvGwfatmifckwf
rnf[k qdk\/
txkd;tckwfcH&rnfh½Gmom;rsm;udk uGufvyftv,foldY qGJ,l
oGm;\/ iusm;u uGufvyfab;wGifNrif;pD;vsuf vSHrudkudkif
vsuf toifhapmihf\/
]]vTwfya[h . . . }}
BudK;aNzay;xm;olrsm;udk uGufvyftv,fwGif wpfNydKifeuf
vTwfay;vdkufBuNyD; vTwfolwkdYu ab;odkY pk&yfaevdkufBu\/ I
usm;u Nrif;udk 'kef;pkdif;0ifvm\/
toufvkaNy;aeBu&onfh vufeufrJhvlrsm;udk iusm;u t
wif; Nrif;ESifhwdkufí vdkufvHxdk;ckwf\/ tcsKdUaomaNy;&olrsm;
onf uGufvyftNyifodkYa&mufatmif wef;wef;rwfrwfraNy;yJ
wHkYumNyefum a0hum0kdufumNzifh uGif;BuD;xJwGif vSnhfywfaNy;
aeBu\/
iusm;onf vlig;a,mufrQomvQif rvGwfatmifxdk;ckwfEdkif
olNzpf\/ ig;a,mufuydkvQif tNrJvGwf\/ ,ckrl raNy;Edkif
aom'Pf&mNzifh rdef;uav;ygaomaBumihf aNcmufa,mufaNy;ap
\/ 'gudkodaom izm;u ckepfa,muf[k tavmif;tpm;NyK
vdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
iusm; Nrif;udk'kef;pdkif;0ifvmuwnf;u tazmftcsKdUu ]i
usm;}uG[k toHukef atmf[pftm;ay;\/
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. . . vmNyD . . . vmNyD . . . taemufbufudk auGYaNy; . . . [dkr
om bmvkyfaewmvJ . . . tckae NzwfxGufygvm; . . . [kwfNyD
. . . [kwfNyD . . . vGwfawmhr,f . . . iusm; vdkufavuGm . . .
a[m . . . vGwfNyD wpfa,muf . . . iEGm;uG . . . iEGm; . . .
tvum; iEGm; . . . }}
uGufvyfxJü av;a,mufcefYrdvdkufonfh iusm;onf rdrdnHh
zsif;onfudk vufeufrJhaNy;olwdkYtay:ü tNid§K;xm;um raNy;
Edkifrnfholudk &uf&ufpufpufNyKusifh\/ rsufESmwpfckvHk; aoG;t
vl;vl;ESifh raNy;Edkif½Smaomrdef;uav;onf vJNydKvdkuf xvdkuf
Nzpfae\/
iusm;onf xdkrdef;ri,f\&ifnGefYqDodkY vSHrNzifhcsdefvsuf
Nrif;udk 'kef;pdkif;0if\/
xdkpOf Nrif;wpfpD;onf uGufvyfxJodkYaNy;0ifvmum iusm;
\vSH½dk;udk "m;NzifhNzwfcs\/ iusm;vnf; t½SdefvGefvsuf Nrif;
ay:rS uRrf;NyefusoGm;&onf/
tm;vHk; ½kwf½kwfoJoJNzpfvsuf vufeufudk,fpDtoifhNyifNyD;
ae&mrSx&yfBu\/
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Asm;wdkYvmBuwJhtxJrSm b,folacgif;aqmifvJ . . . }}
tm;vHk;u ½kwfcsnf;a&mufvm ar;aeaom aqGqufudk
Bunhfae&mrS izm;\rsufESmbufodkY vSnfhBunhfvdkuf\/ izm;
onf rl;,pfaom &Da0a0rsufvHk;Nzifh &efvkyfawmhrnfuJhodkY aqG
qufudkBunhf\/ aqGqufu Nrif;ay:rSckefqif;vdkufNyD; izm;½Sd
&modkY a½S;½IoGm;\/
]]Bumw,fAsm udkzm; . . . cifAsm; acgif;aqmifyJrIwfvm;
. . . cifAsm;wdkYudk usKyf bmaNymxm;vJ . . . }}
izm;onf aqGqufudk rcdk;rcefYBunfhvsuf NyHK;\/
]]aeygtHk; AkdvfrSL;uav;&JU . . . EdkYtyfapmfrSraysmufao;wJh
AdkvfrSL;uav;aNymwmudk em;axmifyghr,fvdkY b,fwkef;u 0efcH
xm;vdkYvJ . . . rIwfbl;vm;uGm oli,fcsif;wdkY&m . . . }}
izm;onf cyfaomaomav;aNymvsuf ab;ywfvnf½Sd rdrd
tazmfrsm;bufodkY aNymifysufysufvSnhfar;\/ xdkYaemuf w[m;
[m;&,f\/ izm;\tazmfrsm;uvnf; 0dkif;&,fBu\/ tJ'gyJ[l
aom trlt&mNzifh aqGqufudk rsufvHk;NyL;Ny\/
]]'DrSm . . . AdkvfrSL;av;u uav;½Sdygao;w,f . . . usKyf
u usKyfq&mu vdkufoGm;qdkvdkY vdkufvmcJhwm . . . AdkvfrSL;u
av; odaumif;avmufw,f . . . usKyfvdk wkdufyGJaygif;pkHawGY
vmwJh 0g&ifha,musfm;BuD;wpfa,mufu ½SifvlxGufuav;wpf
a,mufudk q&mwifae&r,fqdk&if . . . oli,fcsif;wdkYa& . . .
BunhfvkyfBuygOD;[½dkU&JU . . . }}
]][kwfw,f Adkvfzm; . . . [kwfwmy . . . tm;vhk;uvJ
onftwdkif;yJy . . . }}
]]at; . . . [kwfw,f . . . oli,fcsif;wdkYawmfw,f . . . 'D
rSm . . . rdk;ay:odBum; vlYNynfizm;wJh . . . avmurSm Adkvfzm;
udk BoZmay;EdkifwJhol[m q&mOD;NrwfxGef;wpfa,mufyJ ½Sdw,f
. . . tJ'Dawmh em;rvnf&if at;at; ab;uxdkifBunhfae . . .
Adkvfzm;wdkYay;wm tom,lxm; . . . a[m[dkrSm t&uf
aomufcsifoGm;aomuf . . . a&mh . . . cGuf . . . }}
]]'DrSm udkzm; . . . cifAsm;eJYuRefawmfeJY b,folYpum; b,f
olem;axmif&r,fqdkwm tckodatmif vkyf&rSmyJ . . . cifAsm;
[m toufBuD;aeayr,fh cifAsm;vkyfwJhtvkyfawG[m qifNcifrI
rygyJ pmemrIuif;w,f . . . ukd,fuapmihfa½Smufay;&r,fh udk,fh
wdkif;Nynfom;awGudk vufeuftm;udk;eJY udk,fu t&ifOD;atmif
ESdyfpufNyaew,f . . . uJav . . . 'gawG z,fvdkufyg . . . cif
Asm;eJYuRefawmf b,foluq&mqdkwm uRefawmfwdkY tcka½G;Bu
wmaygh . . . cifAsm;vJ oabmusrSmygyJ . . .
'Dvdkvkyf . . . 'DuGufvyfBuD;tv,frSm uRefawmfu vuf
eufrygyJ vlcsnf; oGm;&yfaer,f . . .
tJ'Dawmh apmapmu ½Gmom;awGudkvkyfwJhtwdkif; cifAsm;u
Nrif;pD;NyD; BudKuf&m"m;wdkYvSHwdkYeJY uRefawmfhudkwdkufaygh . . .
tJ'Dtcg uRefawmfu uGufvyftNyifa&mufatmif vGwf
atmifaNy;Edkif&if aemufwpfvSnfh cifAsm;vGwfatmifaNy;Bunhf
aygh . . . cifAsm;vJ uRefawmfhvdkyJ vGwfatmifaNy;Ekdifr,fqdk&if
cifAsm;[m uRefawmfhq&myJ . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
izm;onf aqGquf\ r,HkBunfEdkifp&maumif;aom ,SOf
NydKifrIudk 0rf;xJü wtHhwBoNzpfae\/ onfaumifav; olaNym
wmudkrS olod&JUvm;[k rsufarSmifBuKwfBunhf\/
]]b,fvdk . . . AdkvfrSL;uav;u [kduGufvyfBuD;xJrSm &yf
r,f . . . usKyfu Nrif;eJYvdkuf&r,f . . . [kwfvm; . . . Adkvf
rSL;av;u vGwfatmifxGufoGm;Edkif&if usKyfuvJ AdkvfrSL;av;
vdkyJ uGufvyfBuD;xJrSm oGm;&yf&r,f . . . AdkvfrSL;av; vGwf
atmifaNy;Edkifovdk usKyfuvJ vGwfatmifaNy;Edkifw,fqdk&if
usKyfudk q&mwiftHk;r,f . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
]][kwfw,f . . . tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ . . . }}
izm;u tm;yg;w& us,fus,favmifavmif&,f\/ xkdY
aemuf rdrdtazmfrsm;udk½Sif;Ny&if; xyf&,f\/
]]onfrSm pOf;pm;ygtHk;av . . . usKyfvdk wdkuf&nf0aewJh vl
BuD;wpfa,mufu EdkYtyfapmfrSraysmufao;wJh AdkvfrSL;uav;udk
Nrif;eJYvdkufwdkufNyD;wJhaemuf usKyfuwpfvSnfh uGif;xJrSm&yfay;
awmh b,folu usKyfudk vmwdkufrvJ . . . usKyf&yfay;zdkYt
vSnfhudk r½SdEdkifawmhbl; . . . NyefpOf;pm;prf;ygtHk; . . . }}
aqGqufonf izm;\rsufESmudk pl;pl;pdkufpdkufBunhf\/
]]udkzm; . . . cifAsm; pum;raNymeJY . . . vufawGYvkyfNy
prf;yg . . . }}
aqGqufu rdrdudk,füvG,fxm;onfh "m;vG,fudkNzKwfí
vufa0SYawmfBuD;bufodkY ypfay;\/ xkdYaemuf uGufvyf\t
v,fqDodkY aNz;aNz;avQmufoGm;\/
]]cufwmyJ . . . awmfawmfBum ighq&mu tNypfwifp&mNzpf
ukefawmhrSmyJ . . . 'gayr,fh rwwfEdkifygbl;av . . . uJ . . .
0g;&if;wkwfwpfacsmif;avmuf ay;Buprf;yguGm . . . "m;awGvSH
awGeJYqdk&if rawmf yGJcsif;NyD;aooGm;rSNzifh . . . }}
izm;u nnf;nnf;nLnLaNymvdkuf&m izm;\tazmfrsm;u
yGJusoGm;\/ xkdYaemuf csufcsif;yif izm;½Sd&modkY 0g;&if;wkwf
wpfacsmif; a&mufvm\/ 0g;&if;wkwfonf cyfwkwfwkwf cyf
av;av;Nzpf\/
uGufvyfBuD;ab;ü vlawG wNznf;Nznf;rsm;vm\/ tcsKdUu
þodkYNyKvkyfNydKifqdkifBurnfudk rodaomaBumihf trSwfrxifae
BuolwdkYtm; taNy;tvTm; oGm;ac:vdkufBuao;\/
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u,fhyGJBuD;yGJaumif;yJa[h . . . }} [k tarmwaumaNymBu\/
izm;onf 0g;&if;wkwfudk vufxJü qBunhfNyD;aemuf reD;r
a0; pm;cGufwGifcsnfxm;aom EGm;BuD;½Sd&modkY [efyefwus
avQmufoGm;\/ xkdYaemuf EGm;BuD;\i,fxdyfudk wpfcsufwnf;
½dkufcsvkduf&m EGm;BuD; ]]wHk;}}ceJ vJav\/
izm;u aqGquf½Sd&modkY vSnhfBunhfNyHK;Ny\/ izm;\vlrsm;
&,fvdkufoH xGufay:vm\/ EGm;BuD;onf wpfcsufwnf;ESifhyif
xrvmawmhyJ qefYiifqefYiifNzpfvsuf ao\/
]]rwwfEdkifbl;av . . . "m;eJYvSHeJY ckwf&xdk;&r,fqdk&if r
awmf aooGm;rSmpdk;&awmh wkwfeJYyJ ½dkuf&awmhrSmy . . . }}
izm;\vlrsm;u izm;\ysufvHk;udk oabmus&,farmBu
\/ izm;onf rdrdpD;&ef,lvmaom Nrif;ay:odkY Nznf;Nznf;aq;
aq;wuf&if; BudwfBudwfwdk;0dkif;tHkaeonfh rdrdvlrsm;bufodkY
vSnfhywfvSrf;arQmfBunhf\/
]]a[h . . . b,folavmif;BuOD;rvJ . . . 'dkY&JUAdkvfrSL;ayguf
pav;udk a[m'DNrif;eJY igvdkufvdkY rdrrd avmif;ButHk;rvm; . . .
}}
]]avmif;r,f . . . avmif;r,f . . . avmif;r,f . . . }}
toHawG qifhumqifhum [def;xGufvm\/ Nrif;BuD;ay:odkY
a&mufaeNyD;aomizm;u tvGefauseyfESpfodrfhpGm vufumNy
vdkufrS toHawG&yfoGm;\/
]]avmif;Bur,fhvlawGu w,frsm;wmudk; . . . uG . . .
'Dvdkqdk&if aBu;odyf&awmhrSm r[kwfygbl; . . . rif;wdkYavmif;rSm
rdwJhbufuvm; . . . rrdwJhbufuvm; . . . }}
]]aor,fhbufu . . . aor,fhbufu . . . }}
rdrdvlrsm;ESifhrdrd tay;t,lodyfnDaeBuaomaBumihf izm;u
w[m;[m;&,farmoabmus\/ xdkYaemuf ]b,fheJYvJuG} [l
aomrsufESmrsKd;Nzifh aqGqufudkvSrf;Bunhf\/ aqGquf\rsuf
ESmonf wnfwnfNidrfNidrfESifh izm;udk pl;pdkufBunhfae\/ izm;
u rdrdudk,fudk Nyifxkdif\/ 0g;&if;wkwfudk Nyifudkif\/
]]uJ . . . aNy;awmha[h . . . }}
izm;\vlrsm;u ]]a0;a[;a[;}} [k vufckyfvuf0g;wD;
vsuf nmoH0dkif;ay;\/ izm; a½SUodkYxGufvmNyD;rS izm;\Nrif;
onf ckefqGckefqGESihf wefY&yfoGm;\/ aqGqufu rnfodkYrQr
vIyf½Sm;yJ ae&mü NidrfaeaomaBumihf Nzpf\/ izm;onf rdrdae&m
odkY rdrdNrif;udk ae&mNyef,l\/
]]b,fhES,f . . . usKyfwdkYAdkvfrSL;av; . . . aNy;av . . . r
aNy;0Hhbl;vm; . . . }}
]]cifAsm; Nrif;rpD;wwfbl;vm; . . . cifAsm;tvkyfudk cifAsm;
vkyfyg . . . uRefawmfhtvkyf uRefawmf odw,f . . . }}
]]at; . . . [kwfw,f . . . tckodrSmyJ . . . uJ . . . aNy;
. . . }}
izm;u atmfatmf[pf[pf aqGquf½Sd&modkY Nrif;udk'kef;pdkif;
\/ 0dkif;0ef;nmoHay;vdkufBuaom izm;\taygif;tazmfrsm;xH
rS toHwdkYonf qlnHvmNyef\/ aqGqufurl ae&mrSra½GU/
izm;u 0g;&if;wkwfudk tm;ESifhvTJvdkuf\/ aqGqufonf
b,faNcwpfuGufrQqkwfNyD; cg;EGJUvdkuf\/ 0kdif;atmfaeBuonfh
nmoHrsm; ½kwfcsnf;&yfvsuf ][,f}[laom tHhtm;oifhoHwdkYay:
vm\/ 0g;&if;wkwfaum Nrif;yg aqGqufudk rxdrwdkufrdyJ t
eD;odkYuyfívGwfoGm;\/ 0g;&if;wkwfBuD; avxJrSNzwfoGm;onfh
toHudk ab;rS0dkif;&HBunhfaeolwdkYyif Bum;Bu\/
aqGqufonf £aNE´rysuf? vIyf½Sm;rIr½Sd? izm;½Sd&modkYrsuf
ESmrlvsuf toifh&yfNrJ&yfae\/
izm;\pdwfü Za0Z0gNzpfoGm;\/ ig odyfrl;aevdkYrsm;vm;[k
awG;\/ ,ufuef,ufuefESifh ZufrNidrfao;onfhNrif;udk tao
tcsm wmplvdkuf\/ Bunhfaeaom izm;\vlrsm;onf nmoHr
ay;EdkifawmhyJ wpfa,mufwpfayguf qlnHaNymqdk xifNrifcsuf
ay;aeBu&mrS wdwfoGm;\/ izm;onf 0g;&if;wkwfudk toifh
csdef½G,f aNr§mufudkifxm;\/ Nrif;udk aqGquf½Sd&modkY wnfhwnfh
OD;wnf\/ Nrif;udkzaemifhNzifhwdkYvdkufNyD; tm;oGef'kef;pkdif;aNy;ap
\/
aqGqufu ae&mrSra½GU? &yfNrJ&yfae\/ Bunhfaeonfh
vufa0SYawmfBuD;onf aq;zwf0g;Ncif;udk &yfvdkuf\/ izm;\
tazmfrsm;vnf; touf½I&yfoGm;\/ 0g;&if;wkwfonf aqGquf
acgif;xufrS oDoDuav;vGwfvsuf Nrif;ESifhaqGqufwdkY axG;
ceJNzpfoGm;\/ aNrBuD;ay:ü aqGqufr½Sdawmh/
Nrif;taNy;rysufao;rD csufcsif; zkef;ceJ vlwpfa,mufvdrfh
usoGm;\/ xdkol rnfolrSef;rod&ao;rDyif Nrif;onf uGufvyf
tNyifodkYa&mufoGm;\/ Nrif;ay:u toHxGufvm\/
]]uJ . . . udkzm; . . . 'Dwpfcg cifAsm;aNy;zdkYtvSnhf . . . }}
0dkif;BunhfaeBuaom izm;\tazmfrsm;onf tHhBovGef;aom
aBumihf yGifhaomyg;pyf? NyL;aomrsufvHk;Nzifh Nrif;ay:½Sd aqGquf
udk wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf ai;BunhfaeBu\/ tm;vHk; xdwfvefY
rsufESmysufaeBu\/ xkdYaemuf ukef;aNymifaNymifwGif ,cktxd
xr&Edkifao;aom izm;½Sd&modkY rsufpda&mufoGm;Buonf/
vufa0SYawmfBuD;onf xdwfvefYrsufESmysufaeBuaom izm;
\taygif;tazmfrsm;a½SUrS Nzwfvsuf aqGquf½Sd&modkY wdrfysHudk
qGJ,loGm;\/ aqGqufonf rdrdpD;xm;aomNrif;ay:ü x&yf
vsuf wdrfysHay:odkY vSrf;ul;vdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf vufa0SYawmf
BuD;ypfay;onfh "m;vG,fudk rwf&yftwdkif;yifzrf;,lvsuf udk,f
ü pvG,fvG,fvdkuf\/
]]uJ . . . a,musfm;BuD;yJAsm . . . 'gavmufeJY bmrSrNzpfEdkif
ygbl; . . . xvdkufprf;yg . . . }}
izm;onf ykyfykyfndKndKrsufESmNzifh wNznf;Nznf;x&yfae&if;
wpfckck r½dk;rom;NyKawmhrnfuJhodkY Nrifae&\/
aqGqufu wdrfysHudk aNczsm;NzifhwdkYvdkufNyD; wdrfysHxGufoGm;
aeonfudkyif rodouJhodkY "m;vG,frS"m;udkxkwfvsuf *½kwpdkuf
Bunhf\/ xdkYaemuf"m;udk"m;tdrfwGif;odkYNyefoGif;NyD; wdrfysHay:ü
xdkifcs&if; rdrd½Sd&mbufodkY tNrJrsufESmrlvsuf½Sdaeonfh izm;
bufodkYvSnfhvdkuf\/ wdrfysHonf izm;udk qDqHkvSnfhouJhodkY
tvSrf;cyfuGmuGmrS Nznf;n§if;pGm 0dkif;ywfoGm;ae\/ aqGquf
u izm;udkBunhf&if; NyHK;vm\/
]]udkzm; . . . cifAsm; xm;wJhuwdrwnfcsifbl; . . . cifAsm;
rsufESmrSm npfcsifaumufcsifwmawG ay:aew,f . . . a,m
usfm;qdkwm 'Dvdkrvkyf&bl; . . . }}
izm;u rnfodkYrQraNymyJ 0g;&if;wkwfudk uspfuspfygatmif
qkyf&if; aqGquf½Sdae&modkYom vlwpfukd,fvHk; vSnfhywfrsuf
ESmrlxm;\/ aqGqufu Nrif;udk tenf;i,f tNrefoGm;ap\/
izm;onf vlygvSnfhí aqGqufudk rsufaNcrNywf &ifqdkifr
BunhfEdkifawmhyJ rsufESmESifhvnfyif;omvQif vSnfhywfvdkufBunhf
Edkif\/ izm;\rsufESmü acR;aygufBuD;rsm;pdkYvm\/ izm;\vIyf
½Sm;[efonf xdwfvefY[efay:ae\/ aqGqufu izm;\tNzpf
udkBunhfvsuf NyHK;\/
]]tck cifAsm;vufxJuwkwfBuD;udk vufurcs0Hhawmhbl;rIwf
vm; . . . a,musfm;qdkwm olrsm;udkvkyf&J½HkeJYcsnf; rNynhfpHkao;
bl; . . . ukd,fcH&r,fhtvSnfhrSmvJ wnfwnfNidrfNidrf owdå½Sd½SdcH&J
&w,f . . . tJ'gtNyif udk,fuEdkif&&ifvJ Edkifwdkif;rNyKyJ cGifh
vTwfEdkif&J&w,f . . . tck cifAsm;vufxJuwkwfBuD;[m cifAsm;
twGuf b,fvdkrStoHk;r0ifawmhbl;qkdwm od&JUvm; . . . tck
cifAsm; uRefawmfvkyfwdkif; cH&awmhr,f . . . cifAsm; uRefawmhf
a½SUu ig;vSrf;Nynhfatmif roGm;Edkifawmhbl; . . . cifAsm; ,Hk&JU
vm; . . . }}
xkdpOf wdrfysHonf ocifvdktyfovdk trSwfrJh izm;ab;rS
NzwfaNy;&if; izm;udk,fvkH;BuD;udk wifyg;Nzifh½dkuf\/ izm;onf
ESpfvHrQaNrmufwufNyD; 0g;&if;wkwfwNcm;? vlwNcm; NydKvJoGm;
\/
aqGqufonf Nrif;udk&yfvsuf vJusaeaomizm;udk Nidrf
oufBunhf\/ izm;xdkifrdonfESifhwNydKifeuf uGif;\wpfzufodkY
Nrif;udk tom;usaNy;apvsuf Nrif;ay:rSrqif;yJ izm;vGwfus
xm;onfh0g;&if;wkwfudk cyfayghayghaumuf,loGm;\/ xdkYaemuf
izm;\a½SU reD;ra0;wGif Nrif;udk &yfNrJ&yfNyef\/
izm;onf aqGqufrsufESmudk txdwfwvefYarmhBunhf&if;
tultnD&vdk&Nim; rdrdtazmfrsm;½Sd&modkY tm;udk;wBuD;Bunhf\/
rdrdtazmfrsm;onf rsufvSnhfq&mudk Bunhfae&onfodkY aqG
qufudk ai;pdkufBunhfaeBu\/
aqGqufonf izm;udkrBunhfyJ rdrd\"m;vG,frS"m;udkxkwf
,lNyef\/ xdkYaemuf rdrdvufxJ½Sd 0g;&if;wkwfBuD;udk ocGm;oD;
vSD;csovdk tuGif;vdkuftuGif;vdkuf vSD;csypf&if; wpfpHkwpfckudk
pOf;pm;aeouJhodkY ai;pdkufNidrfouf\/ cPtwGif; vufxJ½Sd
0g;&if;wkwftwdkudk ta0;okdYypfvdkuf\/ "m;udk"m;tdrfodkYNyef
oGif;\/ Nrif;ay:üusaeaom 0g;csyfuav;rsm;udk pkaumuf
vdkufNyD;aemuf vufckyfxJodkYxnfhvsuf izm;\rsufESmudk ypf
aygufvdkuf\/ txdwfwvefYarmhBunhfvdkufaom izm;\rsuf
ESmudk rsufvHk;csif;qdkifvsuf aqGqufu pl;pdkufBunhf\/
]]uJ . . . udkzm; . . . cifAsm;eJYuRefawmf b,folq&mvJ
. . . }}
izm;onf bmrSNyefraNymyJ Nidrfae\/ aqGqufonf wdrf
ysH\ZufBudK;udk wHkYaNr§mufqGJvkduf\/
wdrfysHu Nrnf[D;oHNyKvsuf ywyf&yfvdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf
a½SUvufESpfbufwdkYonf izm;udk aygufrnfeif;rnfuJhodkY izm;
\b,fbufab;odkYvnf;aumif;? izm;\,mbufab;odkYvnf;
aumif; aNrBuD;rsm; wzGm;zGm;vGifhpifukefatmif ayguf\/ xdkY
aemuf &yfonfESifh izm;\&ifbwfudk wdrfysHu vufwpfbuf
Nzifh wGef;zdvSJ\/ wdrfysH\vufatmufü vJusaeaom izm;\e
zl;wGif acR;aygufBuD;rsm; pdkYxGufae\/
]]udkzm; . . . cifAsm;eJYuRefawmf b,folq&mvJ . . . }}
]]q . . . q . . . q&mav;u q&myg . . . }}
aqGqufonf wdrfysHudk aemufodkYqkwfap\/
]]x . . . cifAsm;vlawGtm;vHk; pkvdkuf . . . }}
aqGqufonf izm;wdkYvlpkudk uGufvyfBuD;xJü tm;vHk;pkap
\/ vlawGrsm;aomaBumihf rD;avmifNyD; NymusptdrfaNrae&mt
pyftxd wdk;csJUae&m,lBu&\/ xdkYaemuf ,lxm;orQypönf;tm;
vHk;udk wpfae&mwnf;ü pkyHkcsxm;apNyD; qHk;rpum;aNym\/ rdrd
ESifhtwlaeBuvQif rdrday;aompnf;urf;udk wpfoa0rwdrf;
vdkufemBu&rnf[k qdk\/
]]"m;aumif;wpfvuf&NyD; Nrif;pD;aumif;½HkeJYawmh q&mrwif
Edkifao;bl;uG . . . }}
wdwfaeaomvlawGBum;rS ay:vmonfhtoHNzpf\/ toH½Sif
onf rl;ae[efwl\/ aqGqufu toH½Sifudk vSrf;arQmfBunhf\/
]]a½SUudkBuGcJhygvm;cifAsm . . . }}
wkwfwkwfcdkifcdkif *ifwdkwdk udk,fvHk;Asufus,fus,f vlwpf
a,muf tusÐryg?abmif;bDteufESifh Nzpf\/ abmif;bDudk wpf
zufu aygif&if;txdvdyfwifxm;aomaBumihf tom;NzLNzLwGif
pdrf;aeonfhxdk;uGif;rsm; tuGif;vdkufay:ae\/ EIwfcrf;wpfpHkvHk;
aya&eDusHvsuf oGm;rsm;rnf;\/ eDaBumifaBumifEIwfcrf;arT;u
½Snfaomfvnf; yg;\/ wpfudk,fvHk; aq;eDaq;euftNynhfESifh
½Srf;"m;vG,fwpfck vG,fxm;onfhtNyif "m;aNr§mifudkvnf; cg;ü
xdk;xm;ao;\/ xdkvlonf aqGqufESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifwGif
vufa0SYowfawmhrnfhtoGifNzifh vm&yf\/ rdk;eJom; ½Srf;BuD;
OD;eEŃzpf\/
OD;eEónf OD;NrwfxGef;\wyfzGJYBuD;wpfckvHk;wGif EIwftenf;
qHk; tausmfBum;qHk;vlwpfa,muf Nzpf\/ OD;eEÉSifhawGYvQif I
zm;vdkvlrsKd;awGu a½SmifoGm;&onfcsnf;Nzpf\/
EIwfenf;oavmuf pum;uvnf; wJhwdk;usvS\/ wpfvHk;
xGufvQif wpfvHk;eifhceJae\/ ayvnf;ay\/ ½Gwfvnf;½Gwf
\/ tvGefNyD;pD;onf/ "m;NzifhBudwfvDS;íyifr&[k aNymBu\/
OD;eEúdk,fwdkifuvnf; tNyD;tpD; t[efYtaqmif 0goemyg\/
wpfcgrQrawGYzl;olNzpfap tNyD;tpD; t[efYtaqmifaumif;vQif
OD;eEú csufcsif;wynhfcHwwf\/ OD;NrwfxGef;udkvnf; t[efY
twm;aumif;vSonf[k ,HkaomaBumihf q&mwifxm;Ncif;Nzpf
\/ odkYr[kwfu r&av/ aqGqufonf OD;eE´\oGifNyifudk pdrf;
pdrf;Bunhf\/
]]uRefawmf OD;wdkYudk q&mrvkyfbl; . . . 'gayr,fh uRef
awmfeJYtwlae&if uRefawmfhpum; em;axmif&r,f . . . }}
]]at; . . . rif;vdkaumifi,fi,fuav;uaNymvdkY ig b,f
em;axmifrvJuG . . . ightazaNymwmrS igem;raxmifvdkY 'D
a&mufvmwmaygh . . . }}
]]'gNzifh em;raxmifcsif&if 'DrSmraeeJYayghAsm . . . NyefoGm;
aygh . . . }}
]]'DrSmraevdkY b,fNzpfrvJ[ . . . OD;NrwfxGef;u 'DrSmoGm;
aezdkY xnfhvdkufwmyJ . . . }}
]]'gNzifh cifAsm; uRefawmfhpum;em;raxmifvdkY b,fNzpfrvJ
. . . }}
]]rif;pum; b,fheJYem;axmifrwHk; . . . rif;u ighxufvJ
rNyD; . . . rif;u ighxufvJrrdkuf . . . rif;u vlvdr®myJ . . . 'dkY
vdkvlrdkufawGBum;rSm rif;xGufoGm;zdkYaumif;wm . . . }}
aqGqufonf tBuH&Buyfae\/ onfvlBuD;udk b,fheJYvkyf
&rvJ[k awG;awm&if; tBuHtdkuftdkufNzifh [dk[kdonfonf
Bunhf\/ rD;avmifNyifxJü&Jaeao;onfh tvsm;wpfawmifwpf
rdkufcefY tvHk;oHk;rwfcefY½Sdaom oHwl½Gif;BuD;wpfacsmif;udk awGY
\/ aqGqufu OD;eE´\rsufESmudk vSrf;Bunhfvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f . . . uRefawmfhtom;awGu oref;½Guf½S&if
awmif aoG;xGufw,f . . . }}
]]at;y . . . [kwfrSmy . . . }}
OD;eEónf yg;pyfxJrSuGrf;aoG;rsm; xGufusrnfpdk;aom
aBumifh atmufEIwfcrf;udk twGif;odkYukyfvsuf cyfNyHK;NyHK;&,f\/
aqGqufu OD;eE´&,fNyD;onfhtxd apmihfae\/
]]'gayr,fh cifAsm;udk uRefawmfNyr,f . . . vm . . . }}
OD;eEónf aqGqufac:&modkYvdkufoGm;vsuf aqGqufteD;
ü&yf\/
]]a[m[dkrSm rD;avmifxm;wJhr,feBuD; . . . awGYvm; . . .
tJ'Dr,feBuD;eJY uRefawmfhacgif;udk½dkufprf;yg . . . }}
OD;eEú aqGqufNy&modkYvSrf;BunhfNyD; &,fNyef\/
]]at; . . . tJ'Dr,feBuD;eJY ,l½dkufBunhfvkduf&if rif;acgif;
BuD; uGJoGm;rSmy . . . tckawmh b,fudkifvdkY&rvJ . . . rD;awG&J
aewmyJ . . . }}
]]'gNzifh uRefawmf OD;BuD;acgif;udk½dkufBunhfr,f . . . }}
aqGqufonf aNymaNymqdkqdk oHacsmif;BuD;udk b,fvufNzifh
qkyfudkifvdkufNyD; OD;eE´\acgif;udk cyfNyif;Nyif;½dkufvdkuf\/ OD;e
E´vJoGm;onfudk BunhfNyD;rS oHacsmif;BuD;udk rD;avmifNyifxJodkY
Nyefypfcsvdkufonf/
qHyifrD;avmifeHYrsm; an§mfvsuf OD;eE´\OD;acgif; wpfvufr
cefYuGJNyD; aoG;rsm;pD;usvm\/
OD;eEónf acgif;udk vuf0g;Nzifhtkyf&if; aNrBuD;ay:rSx&yf
\/ xdkYaemuf rdrdvufNzifh pD;usvmaomaoG;rsm;udkokwf&if;
Bunhf\/
]]odyfrsm;rSm r[kwfygbl; . . . OD;BuD;NyD;w,fqdkvdkY uRefawmf
enf;enf;uav; ydkNyif;atmif ½dkufvdkufwmyJ . . . }}
aqGquf\pum;aBumihf aqGqufrsufESmudk vSrf;Bunhf\/
]]Nyprf; rif;vuf . . . }}
aqGqufu b,fbufvufudk NzefYNyvdkuf\/ ½dk;½dk;avmif½Hk
rQr[kwf? ta&cHGrsm;uRrf;vsuf tom;usufae\/ OD;eEú aqG
quf\rsufESmudk xl;xl;qef;qef;xyfBunhf\/
]]armifu b,foefvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfbl; . . . nmoefyg . . . }}
OD;eEónf aqGqufrsufESmudk xl;xl;qef;qef;xyfBunhf
&if; idkovm;&,fovm;rod&aomrsufESmrsKd;Nzifh &,f\/
]][kwfw,f . . . [kwfw,f . . . armif&if usKyfq&mNzpfNyD
. . . }}
½Srf;BuD;OD;eEónf rdrdtazmfrsm;bufodkY vSnfhvdkuf\/
]]oli,fcsif;wdkY . . . 'dkYq&mOD;NrwfxGef;u 'dkYeJYawmfwJhq&m
av;udk ay;vdkufwmy . . . i'dkYxufÓPf½SdNyD; i'dkYxufrdkufwm
yav . . . tdk . . . &D; . . . }}
þonfrSpí oif;yif;Adkvfxk nDnmpkvsuf NynfBuD;twGif;
vlcyif;udk twif;NyK cdk;vkwdkufcdkufaeBuaom vl 1000 wdkY
aqGqufudk aBumuf½GHUav;cefYvmBuukef\/
aqGqufonf xdkvlwdkYvk,ufxm;Buaom ypönf;rsm;udk xdk
vlwdkY\tzrf;cHae&aom ½Gmom;wdkYtm; Nyeftyfxm;cJhí xdkvl
tm;vHk;wkdYudk pk½Hk;ac:iifoGm;\/
rdrdpcef;odkYa&mufonfESifh txufatmuf trdefYemcH&aom
Armhwyfrawmf zGJY½dk;zGJYpOftwdkif; . . .
ig;a,mufudk wpftdk;pm;zGJYap\/ wpftdk;pm;vQif wif;wdrf
apmifBuD; 1 xnf? oHpkdY 4 acsmif;? aBu;tdk;BuD; 1 vHk;? "m;r 1
acsmif;? ykqdef 1 vuf? wl;½Gif; 1 vuf? aqmufcHk;? aqmufNym;?
pl;? vGef;? vuf½kduf 1 ckpD yg½Sdap\/
ESpftdk;pm;wpfpkü tBuyfwpfa,muf cefYtyfxm;\/ tBuyf
udk ppftaqmifta,miftNzpf atmif;vSHESifh armif;wpfvHk; udkif
pGJap\/
ig;Buyf\txufwGif aoG;aomufBuD;wpfa,mufudk tkyf
csKyfap\/
aoG;aomufESpfa,muftxufu wyfrSL;wpfa,mufudk tkyf
csKyfap\/
wyfrSL;ig;a,mufudk Adkvfwpfa,mufu tkyfcsKyfap\/ Adkvf
ESpfa,muftay:urS ppfemcH? wyfa&;? wyfaxmufwdkYESifhwGJ
vsuf aqGqufutkyfcsKyf\/
wyfom;? tBuyf? aoG;aomuf? wyfrSL;? wyfAdkvfwdkYESifhwuG
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rif;orD;BuD;NzpfaeaomaBumihf rdrdudk todrQ vkyfyghrvm;
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pD;vmvsuf 'kef;pdkif;íNyef\/ tcsKdUu tvSpD;vmvsuf tvSpD;
vsufNyef\/ tcsKdUu 'kef;pdkif;vmí tvSpD;vsufNyef\/
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om;rwfom;ESifh tvSNyaeBuukefaom eef;awmfolorD;unm&
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csD;ay;Bu\/
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OD;a*gif;BuD;wdkYwyfu vdkuf&\/
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awGudk wpfnDwnf; tvStupD;í 0ifvmBu\/
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qef;vSoNzifh vufckyfoHonf awmfawmfESifhrpJ . . .
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a&mufvm\/
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vmacgufwHkYNyK\/
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pudkvJ NyBuprf;ygtHk; . . . }}
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ESifhwpfom;wnf; wNym;wnf;NyKí Bunhf\/
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wdkYu wD;vHk;wD;uGufwdkYudk aNymif;vdkuf\/
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puf0ef;wdkifwdkYü tNrifhtawmif 25 ½Sdaomwdkifü wyfqifxm;
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awmif 25 Nrifhonfh puf0ef;teD;odkYa&mufumrS rsufaphygoluJh
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uifodkY ysHUwufoGm;\/ Nr½Gufonf Nrif;ZufrowfyJ uGif;udk
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rdrdae&modkY 0if\/
tdrfa½SUukd,fawmfBuD;\vufpGJawmfonf Nr½Gufukd tNyHK;Nzifh
BudK&m Nr½Gufuvnf; NrL;½Tif0rf;aNrmuf[efNzifh wHkYNyef\/ þ
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aqGqufonf tdrfa½SUukd,fawmfBuD;udk,fwdkif tawmif 60
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awmfygwdkY rif;pif½Sd&modkY Nrif;pdkif;oGm;BurS tdyf&mrSEdk;oluJhodkY
owd&\/
'DaeYtzdkY rnfolawG rnfodkYtpGrf;NyaeBuonfudk aqGquf
bmrQrrSwfrd/ aqGqufBunhfaeonfum; rif;pifay:ü crf;em;
BuD;us,fpGm taqmifta,mif tacRt&HwdkYESifh wifhwifhw,f
w,f xdkifaeavNyDNzpfaom rif;orD;BuD;rNr½Guf . . .
xdkrif;orD;BuD;\aemufzufcyfvSrf;vSrf;u awmufyopf
vGifaom tqiftNyif? NyHK;½TifaomrsufESmay;Nzifh taNy;tvTm;
0wå&m;ausyGefvGef;aeaom tdrfa½SUukd,fawmfBuD;\ vufpGJudk,f
&HvlysKdawmfom; . . .
rsufpda½SUü Nrif;wdkYonf aNy;ae\/ em;ESpfzufü wpfcJ
eufaom aumif;csD;oHwdkYonf 0ifa&mufvmBu\/ odkYaomf xdk
t&mwdkYonf aqGquf\OD;aESmufu cH,lvTwfaeaomaBumihf
Bum;&Nrif&aomfvnf; aqGquf\ESvHk;om;ü wpfckrQ pGJxifNcif;
r½Sd/
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quf\&ifwGif cHpm;&Edkifpaumif;onfh ESvHk;om;½SdtHhrxif . . .
aqGqufonf toufuif;rJholuJhodkY NyL;aBumifaBumif
Bunhf\/ aqGquf\rsufESmü 0rf;enf;rI? 0rf;omrI? &,farmNyHK;
½TifrIr½Sd? cHpm;rItoGiftNyif uif;\/
aqGquf\rsufpd? em;wdkYrS0ifvmukeforQaom tm½HkwdkY
onf aqGquf\ uRrf;aNrhaysmufqHk;aeaom ESvHk;om;ae&mudk
ausmfNzwfvsuf [if;vif;yGihfaom&ifrS tNyifodkY xGufusukef
[ef½Sd\/ aqGquf\rsufvHk;onf tNyL;om;tyGifhom;Nzifh bm
rQrNrif&ovdk ai;idkif\/
]]xGufav . . . }} [lonfhtoHudk Bum;vdkuf&aomaBumihf
aqGqufonf Nrif;udk'kef;pdkif;vsuf xGufoGm;\/ aqGquf\
Nrif; wdrfysHonf rdk;wdrfudkysHrnfhES,f uGif;udkywfvsuf 'kef;pdkif;
ae\/
wpfywf? ESpfywf? okH;ywf? av;ywf? ig;ywf . . .
aqGquf\em;xJü &,foHawG0ifvm\/ wpfuGif;vHk; tkef;
tkef;uRufuRufnHatmif avSmifaNymifoa&mfaeBu\/ odkYaomf
aqGqufonf wpfckrSrod? rdrdESifhrqdkifovdk Nrif;udk'kef;pdkif;
vsuf uGif;udk ywfNrJywf\/ rBumrD Nrif;wpfpD; rdrdESifh,SOf
vsuf ygvm\/
]]vlav; . . . vlav; . . . vlav; . . . bmNyKaewmwHk;
. . . pufoGif;&r,fav . . . }}
vufa0SYawmftbBuD;\toH[k trSwfxm;rd\/ xdkYaemuf
tJarmif;vSHwHNzifh rdrdpufypf&rnf[k owdNyKrd\/ a½SUü toifh
&yfaeaom vlwpfpHkwpfa,muf\vufxJrS vSHudkqGJ,lvsuf t
NrifhqHk;puf0ef;odkY ypfxdk;\/
pufypfolwdkYonf puf0ef;odkYvSHpGJonfESifh rdrdypfaomvSH pGJ
aeNyDNzpfaBumif;odap&ef uGif;udkywfí Nrif;tvSpD;Ny&\/ xdkpOf
rif;aqGrif;om;? rI;rwfrsm;\orD;unm&wemwdkYESifh eef;awmf
olrsm;u rdrdwdkYacgif;ü pdkufxm;onfhyef;rsm;Nzifh ypfayguf
aumif;csD;ay;Bu&\/ pufoGif;olonf Nrif;ay:rSaeí zrf;rdorQ
yef;rsm;udk em;ü yefqifBuGm;0gBu\/ xdktcsdefwGif puf0ef;
apmihfwdkYonf puf0ef;wdkifütoifh½SdaomBudK;udk vIyf,rf;í vSH
udk puf0ef;rSNzKwfcsBu&\/
xdkodkY puf0ef;½SdvSHudk NzKwfcs&eftcsdefay;NyD;rS aemufwpf
Budrf puf0ef;ü vSHpdkufatmifypfBu&Ncif;rSm tpOftvmwpfckuJh
odkY Nzpfae\/ odkYr[kwfu t0ef;t0dkif;usOf;aNrmif;vSaom puf
0ef;üpdkufaeonfh vSHwHu ½IyfaeaomaBumihf aemufwpfBudrfvSH
pdkufxdk;&ef rvG,ful . . .
odkYaomf aqGqufum; xdkokdYr[kwf/ oHywfay;xm;onfh
puf½kyfuJhodkY toduif;pGm vIyf½Sm;ae\/ t&yftem;r½Sd Nrif;udk
wpfywfNyD;wpfywf ywfae\/ toifhapmihfay;aeorQvSHudk qGJ
vsuf wpfacsmif;NyD;wpfacsmif; ypfpdkuf\/ tawmifaNcmufq,f
Nrifhaom puf0ef;tv,fwnfhwnfh½Sd teD0ef;wpfckvHk; pdkufaom
vSHrsm;Nzifh ydwfae\/
aumif;csD;ay;oHrsm;onf &yfem;Ncif;r½Sd wpfqufwnf;Nrnf
[D;ae\/
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Nznf; wpfywfavmufywfvdkufOD; . . . }}
twl,SOfvdkufvmaomNrif;ay:rS vufa0SYawmfBuD;u aNym
vdkufNcif;Nzpf\/ aqGqufonf vufa0SYawmfBuD;udkrQ vSnhfír
BunhfyJ aNymonfhtwdkif; Nrif;udk taNy;avQmhvdkuf\/
eef;wGif;oltysKdwkdY\OD;acgif;rS oZifESifhwuGaom awmf0if
yef;wdkYonf aqGquf\Nrif;ay:odkY yef;rdk;½GmbdokdY us\/ odkY
aomf aqGqufu wpfyGifhwavrQ rzrf; . . .
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ESm? BunfaomrsufvHk;wdkYudk Nrif&aomfvnf; wHkYNyefNyHK;&,frIr
NyK? aus;Zl;wifrIrNy? wnfNidrfaom toduif;onfhrsufESmNzifh
om r@yfwpfckNyD;wpfck vGefvmcJh\/
rif;pifa½SUodkYa&mufonfESifh eef;rawmfrdzk&m;BuD; qifNzLr
½Sifu ykcHk;üwifaomyk0gudk ypfay;\/
]]ighuRef pGrf;ayonf . . . wpfckck NyKNyprf;ygtHk; . . . }}
aqGqufonf rif;pifwpfckvHk;udk toufuif;rJholuJhodkY
ai;Bunhf\/ Nr½Gufonf aysmf½TifrItNynhfNzifh 0rf;aNrmuf½TifNypGm
rdrdtm; wHkYNyefBunhfaeaomfvnf; ,cifu &if;ESD;cspfcifcJhBuzl;
onfh rsufESmrsKd;udkrNy? £aNEódu©mESifh 0ifh0gvSaomtoGift
Nyifudkom aqmif\/
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tm;vHk; owdw&Nzpfvm\/ xdkYaemuf qifNzLr½Sif ay;oem;
onfhyk0gudk &ifüpD;vsuf tawmifaNcmufq,fNrifhonfhpuf0ef;
udk vSHNzifhypfpdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf Nrif;udk uGif;wpfywfpdkif;vsuf
puf0ef;wdkifrSBudK;udk vIyfNyD;aemuf Nrif;tpdkif;rysuf usvmonfh
vSHudkzrf;í qifNzLr½Sif½dS&modkY oGm;a&mufOD;nTwf\/
wpfuGif;vHk; BobmoHawG vQHwufvm\/ aqGquf\0rf;
xJu wpfckNyD;wpfck armoGm;atmif NyKvkyfNycsifae\/ xdkodkY
NyKvkyfNyvdkNcif;onfvnf; wpfckwpfckudk tNid§K;ESifhNyKvkyfNyvdkae
Ncif; Nzpf\/ xdktNid§K;um; rdrd&ifü Nzpfay:pGJrufrdcJhaom tcspf/
aqGqufonf tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBuD;ypfay;onfh &ifpnf;yk0gudk
vSrf;,lvdkufNyD;aemuf uGif;wpfywfywfNyD; aemufxyfvSHwpf
acsmif;udk qGJ,lvm\/
aqGquf\[efyefonf ,ckrS touf0ifvm\/ aqGquf
\rsufvHk;rsm;onf ,ckrS ta&mifawmufvm\/ aqGqufonf
tawmifaNcmufq,fpuf0ef;udk aemufwpfBudrf vSHpGJapNyD;aemuf
uGif;udk wpfywfywfNyD;onfESifh vufüusefaeao;onfhvSHNzifh
puf0ef;wGifpGJonfhvSHudk ypfcwfNyKwfap\/ xdkYaemuf ,cifenf;
wl uGif;wpfywfcefY Nrif;udkpdkif;ywfNyD;aemuf Nrif;tpdkif;r&yfyJ
NyKwfusvmonfhvSHESpfacsmif;udk zrf;,lNyD;vQif rif;pifa½SUodkY
oGm;a&muf&yf\/
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tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBuD;\ udk,f&HvufpGJawmf½Sd&modkY t"dyÜg,fygyg
rsufvHk;ESifh apmif;iJhBunhf\/ xdkYaemuf ESpfa,mufom; acgif;
ndwfvnfndwfNyKvkyfNyD;aemuf ykcHk;xuf½Sdyk0gudk aqGquf½Sd&m
odkY ypfcsay;\/
&ifeifhaeaomaqGqufonf usvmonfhyk0gudk rzrf;r,lyJ
aNrodkYusapNyD;rS vSHNzifhxdk;aumuf\/ xdkYaemuf rdrd&ifü rpnf;
raESmifyJ rdrdpD;aomNrif;\vnfodkY pnf;aESmifay;\/
uaemifudk,fawmfBuD;onf aqGquf\ a,musfm;yDoaom
xDrxifonfhtNyKtrludk vGefpGmESpfouf\/
]]a,musfm;[lonf ½G,fwltrsKd;orD;wdkYu aNr§mufyifhcsD;usK;
Buwdkif; auseyf0rf;aNrmuf&rnfavm . . . }}
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NyD;rS vSHNzifhxdk;aumufvdkufNcif;twGuf pdwfü xifhceJNzpf\/ ol
bmt"dyÜg,fESifh þodkYNyKrl&wmvJ[k awG;&if; aqGquf\rsuf
ESmudk pdrf;pdrf;Bunhfrd\/ xdkYaemufrS £aNE´qnfvsuf ab;ywf
vnfokdYvSnhfNyHK;\/ xdkpOf aqGqufonf Nrif;udk 'kef;pdkif;xGuf
oGm;\/
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&Jaumif;wpfOD;[k wpfuGif;vHk;u todtrSwfNyKxm;Buaom
aBumihf aqGquf uGif;v,fodkYxGufvmonfESifh BobmoHrsm;
qlnHvm\/
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OD;&if? ysKdUudk&if? ysKdUol&Jaumif; [laom toHpmpmuav;rsm;
uGif;vHk;nHvm\/
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vufNzifh A[dkcsuf½Sd&modkY vSHpGJapvsuf 0JvufrSvHSNzifh pGJaom
vSHudk ypfcwfNyKwfusap\/
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qufonf usvmonfhvSHESpfpif;teuf vSHwpfpif;udk &if0Nzifh
¤if;? usefaomvSHwpfpif;udk zGifhxm;onfhyg;pyfNzifh¤if; Nrif;xuf
rS armhícH\/
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&drfoHESifhtwl r@yfawGa½SUü xdkif½SdaeorQvltm;vHk; ]0kef;} ceJ
rwfrwf&yf\/
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acsmif;onf aqGquf\yg;pyfü¤if; wnfhwnfhrwfrwfpdkuf
axmifae\/
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uGif;vHk;zHk;vTrf;oGm;\/ Nr½Gufonf wkefvIyfaomukd,fvuf?
wkefvIyfaomEIwfcrf;wdkYNzifh aqGquf½Sd&modkY pdwfaZmBuD;pGm
Bunhf\/
aqGqufonf &ifbwfxufüuyfwifxm;onfh ,mvuf
wGifqkyfxm;aomvSHoGm;udk ab;odkYwdrf;NyvdkufNyD; yg;pyfüukduf
xm;onfhvSHoGm;udk 0JvufNzifh qGJ,lNyvdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf vSH
wpfpif;udk toGm;Nr§Kyfatmif pufodkYNyefypf\/ usefaomvSHwpf
pif;udk rif;pifa½SUodkY,lvmNyD;aemuf toGm;Nr§Kyfatmif aNrodkY
pkduf\/
wdwfqdwfthHtm;oifhaeBuaom rif;y&dowfBuD;onf ,ckrS
owd&vmBuvsuf rNyD;qHk;Edkifaom aumif;csD;oHwdkYNzifh tqufr
Nywf aumif;csD;vufckyfay;\/
xdkaeYyGJum; aqGquf\yGJyif Nzpfawmhonf/ cyfapmapm
ydkif;url þrif;y&dowfwdkYtBum;ü . . . ]]OD;NrwfxGef;u om
onf? OD;a*gif;BuD;u omonf . . . awmom;awG vlpGrf;vlp
½dSBu\ . . . }} [k NrdKUawmfolNrdKUawmfom;wdkYu aNymBu\/ ,ck
aemufydkif;ürlum; . . .
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a,musfm;wdkYuyif eef;wGif;olESifh a½TNrdKUawmfolwdkY\avoHudk
vdkufvsuf . . .]]armifBuD;aqGquf . . . }} [k cspfpEdk; aNymif
avSmifac:a0:Bu\/
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\ yk0gokH;qifh&\/ tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBuD;\ yk0goHk;qifh&\/
uaemiftdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBuD;udk,fwdkif vufurf;í Nrif;ay:rS cs
ay;Ncif;cH&\/ eef;awmfolESifh a½TNrdKUawmfolwdkYudk,fwdkif rdrdwdkY
acgif;rSyef;udk aqGqufem;odkY vma&mufyefay;Bu\/ aqGquf
\ vufarmif;vuf½Hk;wdkYudk w,kw, udkifwG,fyGwfoyfBunhf
Bu\/
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0wfqifxm;wdkif; ol&Jaumif;r[kwf . . . ol&Jaumif;[lonf
a[monfvkvifudk eif½dkUBunhfxm;Bu . . . onfvkvifonf
&efoluif;aom onfvdkyGJrsKd;üom ol&Jaumif;Nzpfonfr[kwf
. . . atmuftaBuu ukvm;NzLawGudkvnf; tEdkifrcHt½HI;ray;
zdefYzdefYwkefatmif ol&Jaumif;vkyfvmcJhoaum . . . }}
tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfBuD;\ aNr§mufpm;onfhtrdefYaBumihf aqG
qufonf wcPcsif; tr&yl&aeNynfawmfü ausmfapmxif½Sm;
vm&\/ odkYaomf aqGquf\rsufvHk;um; qifNzLr½Sif\aemuf
yg;rS acR&Hoif;yif;wdkYESifhtwl rdrdudkrodouJhodkY ygoGm;avNyD
Nzpfaom ybm0wD bJGYcH ½SifNr½Gufudkom ai;arQmfaerdaom
aBumihf tdrfa½SUukd,fawmfBuD; rdefYawmfrlonfhpum;udkrS em;r
vnfvdkuf . . .
Ä
aemufwpfaeYeHeufapmapmü aqGqufonf vloltenf;
i,fESifhtwl tr&yl&a½TNrdKUawmfBuD;udk ausmay;vsuf atmuf
Nynfatmuf½GmodkY xGufcGmvmcJh\/
rdIif;ysaom ESif;rIefwdkYtBum;ü a½TNrdKUawmfonf wNznf;
Nznf; a0;uGmusefcJh\/
þaeNynfawmfü a½TxD;a½Teef; a½TBuiSef;½Sd\/ þaeNynf
awmfü Nrefrmrif;wdkY pdk;pHqJNzpf\/ þaeNynfawmfü rdrdudk ol
&Jaumif;[k owfrSwfBu\/ þaeNynfawmfolwdkYonf rdrdtm;
armifBuD;aqGquf[k csD;usK;axmyemNyKBu\/ þaeNynfawmf
wGif rdrdü &efolr½Sd? aNr§mufpm;olom½Sd\/ odkYaomf þae
Nynfawmfü rdrdaeírNzpf . . .
þaeNynfawmfü t&mtaxmifaom orD;unmwdkYonf rdrd
udk cspfcifcsD;usL;aevifhBuupm; wpfa,mufaomcspfolonf rd
rdtm; ausmcdkif;aeavNyD/ xdkYaBumihf þaeNynfawmfwGif rdrdtm;
vspfvsLNyKaomcspfoludk aeYpOfESifhtrQ Nrifae&vdrfhrnfNzpf\/
xdkokdY Nrifae&Ncif;aBumihf rdrdonf ylavmifaomESvHk;om;udk t
NrJwap &ifü arGYxm;&ayvdrfhrnf/
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NzLawGESifh olaoudk,faowkdufcdkuf&ef tcgrvyf wmplae&\/
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Nrif&/ xdkYaBumihf rdrd\ESvHk;om;onf ylavmifNcif;rSoufom\/
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wdkufcdkuf&ef taBut&yfESifh xdkufwefolNzpf\/ ½THUEHGql;aNi§mihf
cvkwfuefoif;wdkYESifhom xdkufwefolNzpf\/ rdrdxdkufwef&modkY
om rdrdoGm;awmhthH . . .
Nrif;eufBuD;a½SUaqmifaom vufeufudkifNrif;pD;a,musfm;
csnf;Nzpfonfh Nrif;tkyfpkwpfpkonf ae0if½dk;&Dtcsdefomomü
e,fNcm;ausmufwdkifteD;odkY a&mufvm\/
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]]a[h . . . b,folawGvJ . . . e,fNcm;udk rNzwf&bl;aemf
. . . rif;w&m;BuD;trdefYuG . . . }}
aqGqufonf xdkol\atmfoHudkrBum;? rdrdtawG;ESifhrdrd
oGm;NrJoGm;\/
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&m;BuD;trdefYeJY aNymaewmuG . . . }}
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rSef;rSrodyJ wefY&yfvdkuf\/ xdkpOf aqGqufonf Nrif;eufBuD;
o,faqmif&modkY acgif;idkufpdkufESifhygoGm;\/ atmfolwdkYuatmf
\/ wm;olwdkYuwm;\/ aqGquf\vltcsKdUu bk&ifhwyfr
awmfom;qdkolwdkY½Sd&modkY a'gowBuD;Nrif;pkdif;0if\/ xdkpOf ao
ewfoHwpfcsufay:vmum aqGqufonf Nrif;eufBuD;ay:rS OD;
apmufusoGm;\/
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tkyf½Sd&modkY Nrif;udktNyif;ESif\/ vufa0SYawmftbBuD;u vSrf;
atmfwm;qD;\/
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wdkYtcsif;csif;awGy . . . }}
vufa0SYawmftbBuD;onf þodkYwm;qD;&if; aqGqufus
&modkY oGm;a&mufayGYxl\/ aqGquf\vltm;vHk; Nrif;ay:rSqif;
um aqGqufab;ü 0dkif;&HaeBu\/ xdkolwdkYtNyifrS rif;w&m;
BuD;\ wyfrawmfom;qdkolrsm;u xyfí0dkif;&Hxm;\/
]]eifwdkY taBubuf ukvm;NzLe,fudkoGm;NyD; wdkufcdkufvk
,ufBur,fhvlawG r[kwfvm; . . . eifwkdYaBumihf rif;w&m;
BuD;eJY ukvm;NzLbk&ifcHwdkY roifhrwifh½SdBuawmhrnfaum . . . }}
e,fNcm;apmihfwyfrS aoG;aomufBuD;qdkolonf rma&ausma&
½SdvS\/ aqGqufESifhtazmfwpfpkudk &mZ0wfawmfusL;vGefolrsm;
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210382152 ေသေသာ မွသည ေၾသာ ေကာင း ရန ကုုန ဘေဆြ

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