Contents

Preface to the Sixth Edition , viii Evaluation , , 152

Acknowledgeme nts ix Acquired obstruction 1$6
Congeni cal obstruction , 158
Ocular Examination Techniques 1 Lacrimal s urge ry 160
Slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior Chrome canalicul itis 162
seg ment 1 Dacryocysti tis 163
Fundus examination 2
Tonometry 8 6 Orbit 165
Gon ioscopy , 11 Introduction 165
Psychophysica I tests ' .1 5 Thyro id eye disease , , 170
Electrophysical tests 20 Infections 175
Perimetry 24 Inflammatory disease , ' , 177
Vascular malformations 180
2 Imaging Techniques 33 Cystic lesions , 1as
Cornea ' ' 33 Tumours 189
Fundus angiography , , 35
Ult rasonography 44 7 Dry Eye Disorders 205
Optical cohere nce tomography .47 Definitions , 205
Imaging in glaucoma .48 Physiology 205
Ne uroi magi ng 52 Classification 206
C linical features , .207
3 Developmental Malformations and Special investigations 20B
Anomalies 59 Treatment , , 211
Eyelids ' .60
C raniosynostoses 64 8 Conju nctiva 215
Mandibulofacial dysostoses 66 Introduction 215
Cornea 67 Bacterial conjunctivitis ,.... . 219
Lens 70 Viral co nju nctivitis 226
lridocorneal dysgenesis 72 Alle rgic conjunctivitis 229
Globe , .78 Cicatrizing conjunctivitis 235
Retina and choroid , , 79 Miscellaneous conjunctivitis 239
Optic nerve 82 Degenerations 242
Vitreous 89 Benign pigmented lesio ns 245

4 Eyelids 93 9 Cornea 249

Introduction 94 Introduction , 250
Benign nodules and cysts 95 Bacterial ke ratitis 254
Benign tumours 98 Fungal keratitis , 260
Malignant tumo urs 109 Viral keratitis 262
Disorde rs of lashes , ..119 lnte rstiti keratitis 270
Allergic disorders 123 Protozoan keratitis 270
Bacterial infections 124 Bacterial hypersensitivity-mediated corneal
Viral infe ctio ns 126 disease 274
Blepharitis , , 128 Rosacea keratitis , 277
Ptosis 133 Severe peripheral corneal ulceration 277
Ect ro pio n , 140 Neurotrophic kera tit is 280
Ent ropion 145 Exposure ke ratitis , , , 281
Miscellaneous acquired disorders , .146 Miscellaneous ke ratitis 283
Corneal ectasias , , 288
5 Lacrimal Drainage System 151 Corneal dystrophies 290
Anatomy 151 Corneal degene rations , .303
Physiology 151 Metabolic keraropathies 308
Causes of a wateri ng eye 152 Contact lenses , 310
vi Contents

10 Corneal and Refractive Surgery . "." 31 J

Uveitis in bowel disease , . .462

Keratoplasty , 313
Uveins in re nal disease ., .462

Keratoprostheses , 31 7
Sarcoidos is , .462

Refractive surgery .317

Behcet syndrome , .465

Vogc-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome ' .466

11 Episclera and Sclera . " . " " 323

Parasitic uveitis .468

Anatomy 323
Viral uveitis , .477

Episcle r itis . . , , ,324

Fungal uveitis , .483

Scleri tis , , .. .325

Bacterial uveitis , ... .. . . . . . . .485

Sclera l discoloration 334

Primary idiopath ic inflammato ry

choriocapillaropathles (white dot

12 Lens 337
syndromes) , ,492

Introduction , , .337
Miscellan eous anrerior uveitis 501

Acquired cataract. , 337

Miscellaneous posterior uveitis 50 4

Management of age-related cataract .343

Congerutal cataract , , .361

15 Ocular Tumou rs and Related Conditions 509

Ectopia lenti s , 367

Benign conjunctival tum o urs ,.., 510

Malignant conjunctival tumours 514

1 J Glaucoma 371
Iris tumo urs , 518

Basic scie nces 372

Iris cYStS 523

Optic nerve head ' .376

Ciliary body tumours , ..524

Ocular hypertension 380

Tumours of the choroid , , 527

Primary op en-angle glaucoma 382

Tumours of the retina , ,542

No rmal te nsion glauco ma , .380

Tumou rs of th e ret inal pigment ep ithe lium 557

Prima ry angle-cl osure glaucoma , . .391

Paraneoplastic syndromes , 561

Pscudoexfoliation , , 397

Pigment dispersion , .400

16 Retinal Vascular Disease 565

Neovascular glaucoma , .402

Retinal circu latio n 566

Inflammatory glaucoma .404

D iabetic ret ino pathy , 566

Lens -related glaucoma , .408

Re tinal venous occlusive disease , .. , 584

Tra umatic glaucoma .411

Retinal arte rial occlusive disease 591

Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome .412

Ocular ischae mic syndrome , 597

Glaucoma in int raocular tumou rs .414

Hyper te nsive disease , 598

Gla ucoma in epithelial ingrowth , .415

Sickle-ce ll retino pathy , 601

Glaucoma in iridoschisis .415

Retinopathy of prematu rity , 605

Primary congenital glaucoma .417

R.etinal artery macroaneurysm 610

Phacomatoses .420
Primary retinal te langiectasis 612

Glaucoma med icat io ns , .421

Eales dise ase , 620

Laser therapy , , .427

Radiation retinopathy , 621

Trabeculectomy .430
Purtscher retinopathy ,.., 622

Non -p enet rat ing surge ry .437

Benign idiopathic haemorrhagic retinopathy 622

Antimetabolites in filtration surgery .438

Valsalva retinopathy ' , .622

Dra inage implants , .4]9

Lipaemia ret inalis , 622

Takayasu disease 623

14 Uveitis .441
High-altitude retinopathy , 624

lntroduction 442
Retinopathy in blood diso rders, 624

History ,44 ]

Speci al investigations .443

17 Acquired Macular Disorders and Related

Clinical features , . . .447

Conditions 627

Treatment .451
Introduction , , .. 627

Intermediate uveitis .456

Age-related macular degenerat ion 629

Uve itis in spondyloa rchropathies , . . . . . . . .459

Polypoidal choroidal vasculo pathy ,644

Uveitis in juvenile arthritis .459

Age-related macul ar ho le 644

 Contents vii

Central serous retinopathy 647 21 Neuro-ophthalmology 785

Cystoid macular oedema 651 Optic nerve disease 786
Macular epireunal membrane 654 Pupillary r eactio ns 802
Degene rat ive myopia 654 C hiasm _ 807
Angioid streaks 656 Optic tract 812
Cho ro idal folds 659 Optic rad iations 813
Hypotony rnaculopathy 659 Striate cortex 815
Vitreomacu lar traction syndrome 660 Higher visual functio n 815
Idiopath ic choroidal neovascularization 661 Third nerve _ 816
Solar retinopathy 662 Fourth nerve 820
Sixth nerve 822
18 Fundus Dystrophies 663 Supranuclear disorders of ocular motility 825
Retinal dystrophies , 66] Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia 827
Vitreo reti napath ies 684 Intracranial aneurysms 828
Choroidal dystrophies 690 Nystagmus _ 8]0
Migraine 83]
19 Retinal Detachment 695 Facial spasm _ 836
Introduction 695
Pathogenesis of rhegrnatogenous retinal 22 Drug-induced disorders 8]9
detachment 701 Keratopathy _. .8]9
Pathogenesis of tra ct ional retinal detachment . " .708 Cataract 840
Pathogenesis of exudative retinal detachment . " .710 Uve itis 841
Diagnosis of rhegrnatogenous retinal detachment .710 Ret inopathy _ 841
Diagnosis of tractiona l retinal detac hment 712 Optic ne uro pathy 845
Diagnos is of exudative retinal detach ment _ 714
Differential diagnosis of retinal detac hme nt _.714 23 Trauma 847
Prophylaxis of rheg mato geno us retinal Eyelid crauma _ 847
detachment 717 Orbital fractures 848
Surgery of rhegmatogenous retinal Trauma to the globe 852
detachment 720 Chemical injuries 864
Pars plana vitrectomy _ 726
24 Systemic diseases 869
20 Strabismus 735 Connective tissue d isea ses 870
Introduction , 735 Spondyloarchropachies , 882
Amblyop ia _ .746 Inflammatory bowel disease 884
Clinical evaluation .746 Non-infectious multisystem diseases 885
Heterophoria and vergence abnormalities 766 Systemic infections and infestations 889
Esotropia 767 Mucutaneo us diseases 902
Exotro pia 772 Metabolic diseases 907
Special syndromes 774 Myopat hies _ 911
Alphabet patterns 778 Neurology 91 5
Surge ry 780 Leukaemia . . _ 921

Index 923