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Corrosion Introduction
Corrosion Introduction
Corrosion Introduction
• Corrosion Basics
– General corrosion theory
– Corrosion examples
• Specialty Problems
– CO2 and H2S
– O2 in sea water injection
– Acid Treatment
– Packer Fluids
Partial pressure is the mole fraction of the specific gas times the total pressure.
5.5
0.03bara
pH 4.5
FURTHER ASSESSMENT REQUIRED
3.5
UNACCEPTABLE
• Gas, water and sand flowed from the tubing bore to the annulus, resulting in
significant erosion of both the tubing and casing.
• Tubing replaced with CR13 95ksi 13/5/2, casing repaired with an expandable
solid casing patch.
• This damage can be very rapid in water injection wells, wells that
produce some brine or in wells where there is water alternating
gas (WAG) sequencing – causing failure at the metal-to-metal
seals in a matter of months.
There may be minimum velocities needed to prevent biofilms or other static fluid problems.
10000
Corrosion Rate, mpy
1000
Avg Corrosion Rate
Penetration Rate
100
10
0 100 200 300 400
3/14/2009
Temperature, F Engineering
George E. King,
48
GEKEngineering.com
George E. King, Engineering
3/14/2009 49
GEKEngineering.com
George E. King, Engineering
3/14/2009 50
GEKEngineering.com
Welds
The heating that occurs during the welding process will cause the
weld metal and the heat affected zone around the weld to be
physically different from the surrounding, original metal.
An anode is created by this difference.
Base metal
Heat
affected Weld metal (added and
zone different from original
base metal)
CO2 injection wells have special metallurgy requirements. Designs should minimize un-swept or
static areas. Corrosion may occur preferentially downstream of the coupling.
35%
Wells Developing Leaks
30%
25%
'94-2000'
'90-'93
20%
'80-'89
15% '70-'79
'58-'70
10% Vastar Putnam
5%
0%
0.0 5.0 10. 15. 20. 25. 30. 35. 40.
pump