LARVICIDAL POTENTIAL OF THE CRUDE LEAF EXTRACT OF

Gliricidia sepium (MADRE DE CACAO) LEAVES AGAINST

Musca domestica (HOUSEFLY) LARVAE
Alba, M.A., Cabanlit, D.N.C., Nabi, I.K.R., and Samson J.B.G.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
ZAMBOANGA CHONG HUA HIGH SCHOOL

ABSTRACT
This experimental research was conducted to determine the level of effectiveness of Gliricidia sepium (Madre de cacao) leave extract as larvicidal agent against Musca domestica
(Housefly) larvae based on population mean of larvae hatched. It further looked into whether there is no significant differen ce in the level of effectiveness of Madre de cacao leaf extract as larvicide
at different concentrations. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed using 18 samples arranged in 3 replicates, and were treated with six (6) treatment formulation of Gliricidia
sepium leaf extract and distilled water which are as follow; 100%: 0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, 100% distilled water and iodized salt. Results have shown treatment 6 (pure extract) is with
lowest population means larvae hatched with 25, seconded by 75% preparation with 33 larvae hatched, followed by 50% and 25% p reparations, respectively. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) re-
vealed that there is no significant difference in the different concentrations of Gliricidia sepium (Madre de cacao) at 0.677 when .05 level of significance because the property of different treatment
is very poor since its capacity to inhibit larvae reproduction in housefly is comparative with distilled water and iodized sa lt. In conclusion, the different treatment of Gliricidia sepium (Madre de
cacao) leaf extract serves poor potential for larvicidal activity against Musca domestica (Housefly) larvae.
Keywords: Musca domestica, Gliricidia sepium, Crude extract

INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION

Musca domestica (Housefly) poses a serious threat
to human and livestock health through the transmission of
many infectious diseases (Khan MF & Ahmed SM, n.d).
In view of the severity of the problem, it is impera-
tive that management of house flies should be strengthened
through the use of properly and environmentally safe natural
pesticides.
Kakawate/madre de cacao are good source of
coumarins; a toxic substance that can kill almost all types of
pests and insects (Calleja, 2010).
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the Larvicidal
Potential of The Crude Leaf Extract of Gliricidia sepium
(Madre de Cacao) against Musca domestica (Housefly)
larvae. Specifically, it seeks to:
1. determine which of the following treatments has a signifi-
cant difference in terms of the effectivity against Musca
domestica (housefly) larvae
a. Treatment 1. Iodized Salt
b. Treatment 2. 100% Distilled water
c. Treatment 3. 75% Distilled water, 25% Madre de
Cacao Crude Leaf Extract
d. Treatment 4. 50% Distilled water, 50% Madre de
Cacao Crude Leaf Extract
e. Treatment 5. 25% Distilled water, 75% Madre de
Cacao Crude Leaf Extract
f. Treatment 6. 100% Madre de Cacao Crude Leaf
Extract
2. evaluate the larvicidal characteristics of the madre de
crude leaf extract
Madre de Cacao extract is rich in tannins which
serves as deterrent and absorbed through epidermis.
However it was revealed that its components has low
toxicity against Musca domestica larvae.
Experimental group which are 25%, 50%, 75%
concentration of Madre de cacao crude extract showed a
large population of larvae yielded.
Treatment 6 (100% MDC) showed the lowest
Figure 1. Population of larvae hatched 4 days after the application mean of larvae hatched among the experimental group.
of treatments This indicates that Madre de cacao has low toxicity
Table 1. Mean Population of Musca domestica larvae 4 days after against Musca domestica which conforms to the findings
the application of different concentrations of Gliricidia sepium leaf of Dani, F., et al (2016) that Musca domestica larvae is not
extracts susceptible to Madre de cacao extracts.
TREATMENTS MEAN
T1 (iodized salt) 13
T2 (distilled H2O) 29
CONCLUSION
T3 (75DW:25GS) 33
The different concentrations of madre de cacao
crude leaf extract have poor potential for larvicidal activi-
T4 (50DW:50GS) 43
ty. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the
different concentrations of madre de cacao at 0.677
T5 (25DW:75GS) 54 when .05 level of significance. Madre de Cacao Leaf
Extract has 40.7g of condensed tannins/kg dry matter that
T6 (100%GS) 25 are considered potential larvicide.
*DW-distilled water/GS-Glyceridia sepium
Among the treatments with Madre De Cacao Leaf Extract
RECOMMENDATIONS
(T3,T4,T5 and T6), the 100% Madre De Cacao Crude Leaf Extract
showed the lowest population, seconded by 75% preparation, fol- It is highly recommended to improve the fol-
lowed by 50% and 25% preparations, respectively. However, the lowing to obtain significant results;
population means of larva hatched treated with these preparations are
far higher with the number of larva hatched by the housefly treated 1. To try other possibilities of Madre de cacao as a insect
with distilled water. repellant aside from its larvicidal potential.
2. To use other procedures in extracting the plants
Table 2. ANOVA result of the differences between treatment or leaves itself.
means.

METHODOLOGY Sum of df Mean F Sig.

SAMPLE PREPARATION REFERENCES

Between
2973.833 5 594.767 .635 .677 Calleja, D. (2010). Kakawate leaves as pesticide, bio-
PREPARATION OF LABORATORY Groups organic fertilizer. Retrieved from http://
EQUIPMENT balita.ph/2010/05/25/kakawate- leaves- as-
Within
11234.667 12 936.222 pesticide-bio-organic-fertilizer/.
Groups
MADRE DE CACAO CRUDE LEAF Dani, F., Mhammad, H. et. al. (2016). Effect of Cycla
Total 14208.500 17
EXTRACTION men Libanoticum (Myrsinacaea) Extract
Against The Maggots of the Housef ly (Mus
The different concentrations of Madre de Cacao Crude Leaf domestica) and of the Blue Bottle Fly
PREPARATION OF TREATMENTS Extract used in the study have shown that its anti-larvicidal property (Calliphora vom mita). (Vol.6)
is very poor since its capacity to inhibit larva reproduction in housefly
is comparative with distilled water only. Further, iodized salt is also Khan MF & Ahmed SM. (n.d) Toxicity of crude neem
a poor control because despite that it influenced the lowest mean leaf extract against house flies Musca
APPLICATION OF TREATMENTS population of larva hatched, statistical evidenced provided that its
domestica adult as com pared with
larvicidal effect are just comparably the same with distilled water and
the different concentrations of madre de cacao leaf extract used in the DDVP, dichlorvos. Turk J Zool 2000a;
DATA GATHERING & DATA ANALY- study even after 4 days of treatments. 24: 219-23.
SIS