EMTP RV Training Slide

EMTP-RV
2-Day Training
EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 1

Sommaire
I. Agenda … Slide 3
II. Introduction … Slide 5
III. Overview of EMTPWorks … Slide 19
IV.Simulation Options … Slide 64
V. System Modeling … Slide 76
VI.Switching Analysis … Slide 127
VII.Surge arresters modeling … Slide 141

Agenda – Day 1
9:00 am: Introduction 1:30 pm: types of simulations
• Powersys • Load-Flow solution
• EMTP-RV and EMTPWorks • Steady-state solution
9:30 am: Overview of EMTPWorks 3.5 • Time domain analysis
• Graphical Interface • Frequency scan
• Creation of a circuit 2:30 pm: Models
• Signal • Transformers
• Run a simulation ➢ Labs: Transformer Switching Analysis (BCTRAN & Saturation)
• ScopeView and MPLOT • Generators
• Initialization ➢ Labs: Generators modeling
➢ Labs: Trivial TRV analysis 5:30 pm : End
• Subcircuit and Masks
➢ Labs: LLG Fault
12:30 pm/1:30 pm : Lunch break Pauses à 10H30 et à 15H

Agenda – Day 2
9:00 am: Models 1:30 pm : Surge arresters
• Induction machine • IEEE WG model 3.4.11
➢ Labs: Motor starting ➢ Labs: IEEE MO arrester for fast front transients
• Lines/Cables
5:30 pm : End
10:30 am: Statistical analysis
➢ Labs: Single-Phase fault and statistical analysis
12:30 am/1:30 pm : Lunch break
Pauses à 10H30 et à 15H

Introduction

POWERSYS
Solutions for Power Systems Engineering Simulation

POWERSYS Solutions
POWERSYS POWERSYS POWERSYS

ENGINEERING SOFTWARE INNOVATION
Engineering Software Software

Consulting Distribution Development

POWERSYS Engineering
Engineering Services
Catalog of studies
• Transient analysis in Power Systems
• FEA analysis of EM equipment
POWERSYS
ENGINEERING
Customized Services
Engineering
• Model creation,
Consulting • DLL,
• Scripts realization
Sales, Marketing and Promotion Worldwide

POWERSYS Software
Engineering Simulation Software
Power Systems Transients
Electromechanical Design
POWERSYS
SOFTWARE
Power Electronics & Drive
Software
Distribution
Power System Analysis
Sales, Marketing, Promotion and Events Worldwide
Technical Support
Training

POWERSYS Innovation
Software development
Product lifecycle management

Road-map management & software development
• EMTP-RV Software
• PEMBA Software
POWERSYS
INNOVATION Tailored development
• On demand specific developments
Software
Development

Key dates
PEMBA
2015
EMTP-RV
2013
Office in
2011 Canada
Office in
2010 India
JMAG
2009
PSIM Office in
2006 Office in
Germany
the USA
2002
POWERSYS, born in
Aix-en-Provence, France

A worldwide presence
5 Offices (France, USA, Germany, India and Canada)

India
Sales and technical support in each location.
Software developers (PSIM, JMAG)
EMTP-RV distributors

Contacts
EMTP-RV website www.emtp-software.com

EMTP-RV Support support@emtp-software.com
EMTP-RV Sales sales@emtp-software.com
Engineering engineering@emtp-software.com
Corporate web site www.powersys-solutions.com
An advanced tool for the simulation of power systems

Power Systems Software
Short circuit calculation: Load-flow calculation:
Calculations based on sequence data Calculation on 3-phase networks
Suitable for high scale networks Mainly on balanced networks
Frequency range: 50/60 Hz Frequency range: 50/60 Hz
DC 50/60 Hz kHz, MHz
Switching Power
DC Temporary Lightning
transients Electronics
EMTP-RV
Transient Stability programs:
Detailed modeling of equipment
Suitable for high scale networks
Simplified modeling of HVDC and FACTS Frequency range : DC – MHz
components
Solution from small to large networks
Frequency range : 0.1Hz – 1kHz
Non-linearities can be simulated

EMTP-RV package includes
EMTP-RV : computational engine

Powerful and super-fast computational engine
EMTPWorks : Graphical User Interface

The user-friendly and intuitive Graphical User Interface
ScopeView: the Output Processor for Data display and analysis

Displays simulation waveforms in a variety of formats.

EMTP-RV benefits
• Robust simulation engine

• Superior modeling flexibility
• Automatically initializes
time-domain simulations from steady-state
• Scriptable and customizable easy-to-use GUI

EMTP-RV benefits
Graphical user interface (GUI)
• The most advanced user-defined modeling
capabilities using DLLs and devices in the
Data
GUI,
• The same design can be used for load-flow,
Multiphase Load-flow
steady-state, time-domain and frequency
scan simulation, Steady-state
• Many application examples are provided with
EMTP-RV, Initialization
• But also : frequency scan and statistical

Time-domain
studies
Results

EMTPWorks
• Presentation of the User Interface • Initialization
• How to create a simple circuit? ➢ Labs: Trivial TRV analysis
• General signals, 3-phase signal and bus
• Sub circuit creation, hierarchical designs and mask
• How to run a simulation?
• Introduction to ScopeView ➢ Labs: LLG Fault

Interface overview
Libraries
Tabs
Design
Console
/ Panel

Interface Overview – Home menu
Zap : Delete individual signal sections or attribute Draw Graphics
Draw signal : Draw 1/3 phase and buses Quick find: find devices by name
New Breakout : Multiplexing

Interface Overview – Options menu
Pages: Possibility to have multiple pages Create Subcircuit Block ….
Sheet Size Wizard: Update size display Libraries: Create and manage libraries
Part Type: Create and Manage devices

Interface Overview – View menu
Pages: Possibility to redraw design Display/Hide Console & Libraries

Interface Overview – Simulate menu
Run a simulation Open ScopeView and MPLOT

Interface Overview – Simulate menu
Open Examples Folder Possibility to display Steady-State Data
Possibility to Exclude/Include devices Possibility to define Global Variables

Interface overview – Library
Libraries
Design
Drag’n’Drop to
add a device to
the design

Interface overview – Panel
▪ Simulation status
▪ Simulation Control (Pause/Stop)
▪ Error notification

How to create a simple circuit ?
Create this circuit:
• Source.clf \ AC Voltage Source • Switches.clf \ Ideal Switch
• RLC Branches.clf \ RLC : R-L • Source.clf \ Ground
• Switches.clf \ Ideal Switch : Breaker • Meters.clf \ Voltage Scope (1 pin)
• Lines.clf \ CP line/Cable m-phase
sourceSide lineSide
+VM +VM
?v ?v
Zsource BRK L1
+ +
+ CP
0.025,0.25Ohm -1|20ms|0
-1ms|1E15|0
200
?v
?i FAULT
+
+
230kVRMSLL /_-.01 Source

Property Windows
Double-click on a device
or
Right-click on a device > Device Data

Property Windows > Values
▪ Change the Value and chose your Unity
▪ You can enter a mathematical expression
▪ Color Syntax :
Blue : Default
Green : Changed
Red : error

Property Windows > IC
▪ Specify initial conditions
▪ Use 0 when not required (Calculated automatically

by the steady-state solution)

Property Windows > Scopes
▪ Select signals to be saved

Property Windows > Help
▪ Model Documentation

Standard models
Library Models
R, L, C branches
PI circuits
RLC branches Loads
State space block
Gain, constant
Integral, derivative
Limiter,
Sum
Control Selector
Delay
State-space block
PLL…
IEEE excitation systems
Control of Machines Governor / turbine
Flip flops Flip-flop D, J-K, S-R,T
CP (distributed parameters)
FD (=CP + frequency dependence)
lines FDQ (=FD for cables)
WB (phase domain)
Corona

Standard models
Library Models
Induction Machine (single cage, double cage, wound rotor)
Synchronous Machine
machines Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
DC machine
2-phase machine
meters Current, voltage, power meters
meters periodic RMS meters and sequence meters

Non linear resistance
Non linear inductance
nonlinear Hysteresis reactor
ZnO arrester
SiC arrester
AC, DC voltage sources
AC, DC current sources
sources Lightning inpulse current source
Current and voltage controlled sources
Load-flow bus

Standard models
Library Models
Ideal switch
Diode
switches Thyristor
Air gap
3-phase <-> sequence
Transformations 3-phase <-> dq0
Based on single phase units : DD, YY, DY, YD, YYD…
Topological models : TOPMAG
Transformers Impedance based : BCTRAN, TRELEG
Frequency dependent admittance matrix : FDBFIT
Variable load
Advanced SVC
STATCOM

Libraries
• Users can create and share their
own libraries
• Libraries contain user-defined
models
• Library file extension : .clf
• To create\update a library:
• Select the source device
• Option Menu > Save to Lib
• New Library

Set the parameters:
• AC Voltage Source : 230kVRMSLL ; 60Hz
• R-L Load : R=0,025 Ohm ; L=0,25Ohm
• Breaker : Closed in steady-state ; Open at 20ms
• CP line : 1-phase; Length=200 ; R’=0.02Ω/unit of length ; L’=0.9mH/unit of length ; C’= 0.012µF/unit of length
• Ideal Switch (Fault) : Closed in steady-state ; Never open
sourceSide lineSide
+VM +VM
?v ?v
Zsource BRK L1
+ +
+ CP
0.025,0.25Ohm -1|20ms|0
-1ms|1E15|0
200
?v
?i FAULT
+
+

Set simulation options :
• Simulate Menu > Simulation Options
• Steady-State and Time-Domain
• Time Step : 10us
• Simulation Time : 400ms
Save design :
• File Menu > Save
Run time-domain simulation :

• Simulate Menu > Run

ScopeView

ScopeView
• Developed by Hydro-Quebec
• Powerful tool to display and

analyze your data
• Perform complete and complex

signal processing (FFT, ….)

ScopeView
Run to display signals
Reload Data
Select Signals
One / Multiple plot
One / Multiple plot Pages Functions
List of signals
Possibility to enter
mathematical expression
ScopeView
Zoom
Merge
figures
Cursors Re-plot
Capture
data points
Selection
number of
colomns
Pages

MPLOT
MPLOT
Matlab Based Application (no need to have
Matlab to run it)
Quick Way to display your results
Compatible with Statistic analysis
• Plot : All the curves on one figure

• Subplot : A figure pear curves

MPLOT
MPLOT

Labs: Trivial TRV
• TRV is the voltage across the opening contacts of a fault-interrupting
circuit breaker immediately after the electric arc is extinguished.
• This voltage may be considered in two successive time intervals: one

during which the transient voltage exists, followed by the second one
during which exists the power frequency voltage alone.
• For TRV studies, the two most important factors are: the maximum
voltage attained depending on the normal system operating voltage
and the rate of rise of recovery voltage (RRRV) during oscillation,
which is also dependent on the frequency of oscillations.

Labs: Trivial TRV
Display waveforms
• Display the source side and line side voltages
• Display the voltage accros the breaker using a
mathematical expression
• Calculate the RRRV (rate of rise of recovery voltage) using
the cursors

General signal, 3-phase signal and bus
Signals in EMTP-RV
▪ Classic Signals
▪ Click on “Draw Signal” and draw

your signal
▪ 3-phase bus
▪ Click on “3-phase bus” and draw
your bus
▪ You can use each phase as classic

signals ( Draw Phase X)
➢ Many devices have both 1-phase and 3-phase models

General signal, 3-phase signal and bus
• Line data:
Update to 3-phase
• Replace the 1-phase CP line by a 3-phase model (lines.clf >
CP line/cable 3-phase)
• The design is automatically updated to 3-phase
• Remove the fault and add a BUS to the extremity of the
line.
• Connect three 1-phase loads (Load models.clf > PQ load • Load data:
with load-flow (LF)) to the BUS ( one per phase)
• Phase A : 60MW 16MVAR
• Phase B : 57MW 16MVAR
• Phase C : 56MW 12MVAR
BUS1
a LF LoadA
Zsource BRK TLM1

+ + b LF LoadB
+ CP
0.025,0.25Ohm -1|20ms|0
?v c LF LoadC
20.00
+

Invisible connection
Each signal has a name. To change the it: right-click > Name….
All signals sharing the same name are actually the same signal and are
connected.

Invisible connection
• Connect a capacitor to the BUS using an invisible connection
BUS1
LF LoadA
Zsource BRK TLM1

+ + LF LoadB
+ CP
0.025,0.25Ohm -1|1E15|0
?v 20.00 LF LoadC
BUS1
+
+
4uF C1
?v
• CTRL + Double-click on the bus to double-check the connection

• Scope the bus voltage
• Never open the breaker
• Run the simulation

Multi-page designs
• Multi-page design is possible
• Options Menu>Pages to manage pages
• Connection can be made between

pages using the “Page Conn” element
from the “Pseudo-Device” library.

Subcircuit
• Subcircuits are part of circuits that can be re-used at different places
• It allows the creation of hierarchical design. Subcircuits can contain

other Subcircuits
• Masks can be added to tune each instance of a subcircuit
• Subcircuits can be saved in home-made libraries.

Subcircuit Creation
• Add an AC voltage source and impedance (sources.clf > AC voltage
source and impedance)
• Add a port Connector (Options Menu > New Port Connector …)
• Put them in a Subcircuit (Selection > Options Menu > Create Subcircuit
Block ….> Quick Subcircuit)
DEV1
VwZ1
+
P P
120kVRMSLL / _0
• Alt + Double Click to enter a subcircuit

Subcircuit Mask
Subcircuits masks allow users to
tune each instance of a subcircuit

Subcircuit Mask - Preparation
• Open the subcircuit
• Right-click > properties
• Unselect Read Only

Subcircuit Mask – Define Variables
• Variables are declared between
« # » sign
• Only S.I. units can be transmitted
(Ohm, V, Hz, …).

Subcircuit Mask – Apply mask
• Right-Click on your Subcircuit
and click on « Subcircuit Info… »
• Mask Tab > Mask this
subnetwork

Subcircuit Mask – Mask data
Variable
values
𝑈𝑚2 𝑍1
𝑍1 = R1= X1= 𝛼R1
𝑆𝐶3𝑝ℎ 1+𝛼2
Mathematical
Rules
3×𝑈𝑚2 2×𝑈𝑚2 𝑍0
𝑍0 = - R0= X0= 𝛼R0
𝑆𝐶1𝑝ℎ 𝑆𝐶3𝑝ℎ 1+𝛼2
Variables to
transmit

Symbol Editor
• Right-Click > Edit Symbol to access the symbol editor

Symbol Editor
▪ Right-click > Edit symbol
▪ Add the « Source with
Impedance » symbol
▪ Remove pin « K »
▪ Make the pin « P » invisible
▪ Delete the « + » sign
▪ Change background color
▪ Close and save the symbol

Labs: Create a fault device
▪ Create a fault device that perform a
fault.
▪ The users specify :
▪ The type of fault (LG, LLG, LLLG)
▪ The ground resistance
▪ The fault time
▪ The duration FAULT
▪ The symbol must look like :
▪ Test the fault device

Simulation Options
• Load-Flow solution • Time domain analysis
• Steady-state solution • Frequency scan

Simulation Options – Time Domain
▪ The electrical network and control system
equations are solved using a numerical
integration technique.
▪ All nonlinear devices are solved

simultaneously with network equations. A
Newton method is used to solve nonlinearity.
▪ The solution can optionally start from the

steady-state solution.
▪ Quasi-constant time-step

Simulation Options – Time Domain
▪ Possibility to have a fixed output rate different
than the simulation step to reduce the output
file size without compromising the simulation
precision
▪ Possibility to have a variable output rate

Simulation Options – Steady-State
▪ The electrical network equations are solved
using complex numbers. This option can be
used in the stand-alone mode or for initializing
the time-domain solution.
▪ A harmonic steady-state solution can be

achieved.
▪ The control system devices are disconnected

and not solved.
▪ Some nonlinear devices are linearized or

disconnected. All devices have a specific
steady-state model.

Simulation Options – Load-Flow
▪ The electrical network equations are solved using
complex phasors. The active (source) devices are only
the Load-Flow devices (LF-devices). A load device is
used to enter PQ load constraint equations.
▪ Only single (fundamental) frequency solutions are

achievable. The solution frequency is specified by
‘Default Power Frequency’ and used in passive
network lumped model calculations.
▪ The same network used for transient simulations can

be used in load-flow analysis. The EMTP Load-Flow
solution can work with multiphase and unbalanced
networks.
▪ The control system devices are disconnected and not

solved
▪ The solution results can be loaded for automatically

initialization (Power and Control variables)

▪ Device : Load Flow Bus (Library : Source)
▪ Can automatically retrieve impedance data from synchronous machine

Slack Bus
▪ Used to model ideal network (infinite power)
▪ specify the voltage and the frequency

Click on Load-Flow Web to see the
results of the calculation

Update the model
• Add 3 buses Connect the buses with View Steady-State
BUS2
transmission lines (20km, 100km and 150km) BUS1

V1:1.00/ _0.0
V1:0.99/ _-0.4
a LF Load1
• Copy/paste the generator & transformer from Source
+ CP b LF Load2
“GeneratorTx230kV.clf” and connect it to Bus 20.00 c LF Load3
+
• Add a 240MW /60MVAR load to BUS 4
100.00
CP
Run the load-flow
Display the bus voltages using the BUS3
1 2
+
150.00
CP
SM
view-steady-state options. +30
13.8/ 230
LF
Load4
240MW
60MVAR
BUS4 230kVRMSLL
V1:0.99/ _6.1

Initialization
• Run the analysis without steady-state initialization and compare the
bus voltage using a snapshot in ScopeView

Simulation Options – Frequency Scan
All source frequencies are varied using the given frequency range and
the network steady-state solution is found at each frequency

Options.clf > Input Impedance

device
▪ Calculate the input impedance
for the selected range of
Frequency Scan
▪ Voltage sources are short-

circuited and Current sources are
Open-Circuited
▪ Works for both 3-phase and 1-

phase signals

Run a Frequency Scan Analysis

View Steady-State
BUS2
BUS1 V1:0.99/_- 0.4
▪ Connect an “input impedance

V1:1.00/_0.0
a LF Load1
Source
device” to the BUS 4 + CP

LF Load2
20.00 c LF Load3
▪ Run a frequency scan
100.00
▪ Display the input impedance
CP
versus frequency with ScopeView
BUS3 150.00
+ CP
1 2
SM +30
13.8/230
ZIN1 Load4
LF 240MW
60MVAR
Z(f) ?z 230kVRMSLL
BUS4
V1:0.99/_6.1

System Modeling
• Transformer • Induction Machine
• Labs: Transformer Switching Analysis • Labs: Motor starting & Voltage drop
(BCTRAN & Saturation)
• Generators • Lines and cables
• Labs: Generators modeling and Sub-
Synchronous Resonance

Transformer models
3-phase unit, transmission
system network
3 single phase units in power plan
EMTP-RV course - Lille October 2011

▪ Power-Frequency models
▪ Saturation
▪ High-Frequency models
▪ Labs: Transformer Switching Analysis (BCTRAN & Saturation)

Transformer models – Two types of power-frequency models
HVA
HVB
HVC RL6
+
RL HVN
1
2
3
HVA1 HVA2
+
LVA
RL7
LVA1 LVA2
Lnonl1
Lnonl2
Lnonl3
+
+
HVB1 HVB2
RL
LVB LVB1 LVB2 LVN ?f
HVC1 HVC2
LVC LVC1 LVC2
1
2
3
Model based on matrix representation
(two-steps process)
Model based on single-phase transformers

(provide nameplate data)

modeled by Lmag
– Transformer
Eddy currentmodel
/ hysteresis losses1inphase
– Non-ideal the unit
core is modeled by Rmag
• Losses and leakages :
leakage– losses– Rl
reactance leakage reactance –
Winding joule Ideal unit Winding joule
– Flux leakages
losses Ll losses
Ll1 Ll2
Rl1 Tr0_1 Rl2
+ + + +
+
Rmag
+
+
Lmag
1 2
8
Iron Losses /
Magnetizing reactance

Transformer models – Three-phase nameplate input
Transformers.clf > Three-phase nameplate input
Input data:
• Connection Type
• Nominal power & frequency
• Windings voltages
• Winding impedance
• Magnetization data (for saturation)
The “L non Linear Data Function” calculates the

magnetization data from excitation tests.
L nonlinear
Data function

Transformer models – Three-phase nameplate input
Transformer.clf > Three-phase nameplate input

Initial conditions:
• Possibility to set initial flux on each winding unit to simulate
residual flux.

Transformer models – BCTRAN
• Transformer models based on single-phase unit cannot model
magnetic coupling between phases
• BCTRAN is a routine that calculates impedance and coupling between
all the windings from test data.
• BCTRAN model is valid at power frequency (up to 1-3kHz) and do not
include saturation. Saturation can be modeled by adding an external
non-linear inductance
HVA
HVB
HVC RL6
+
RL HVN
1
2
3
HVA1 HVA2
+
LVA
RL7
LVA1 LVA2
Lnonl1
Lnonl2
Lnonl3
+
+
HVB1 HVB2
RL
HVC1 HVC2
LVC LVC1 LVC2
1
2
3
Transformer.clf > BCTRAN

Excitation Data
Enter Positive sequence and zero
sequence excitation data
Where the magnetizing

branch will be placed


HVA
HVB
Load the impedance data in a “RL coupled multiphase” HVC

+
RL6
RL HVN
1
2
3
HVA1 HVA2
+
LVA
RL7
LVA1 LVA2
Lnonl1
Lnonl2
Lnonl3
+
+
HVB1 HVB2
RL
HVC1 HVC2
LVC LVC1 LVC2
1
2
3
Open the .out file to read the shunt resistance HVA
values and add a shunt RL coupled device HVB

HVC RL6
+
RL HVN
1
2
3
HVA1 HVA2
+
LVA
RL7
LVA1 LVA2
Lnonl1
Lnonl2
Lnonl3
+
+
HVB1 HVB2
RL
HVC1 HVC2
LVC LVC1 LVC2
1
2
3
Transformer models – Saturation
To model transformer saturation from manufacturer test data, the following procedure can be applied :
1. Transformer excitation test example:
2. Extract loss component from excitation current for each current point :
3. Convert RMS voltage/current data to instantaneous flux/current data. Use the “L-non linear data
function” if only Y windings are connected. Otherwise you can perform this conversion manually
using a dichotomy method.
4. Add the air-core reactance which is the ratio between Flux and Current when the transformer is
highly saturated. This value can be measured by the manufacturer or estimated. They are two
methods to estimate this value:
• Estimate it to 0.3 p.u.
• Estimate it to twice the Leakage Inductance value.

Transformer models – Saturation
L non Linear Data Function

Calculates the flux/current curve of the “L non linear”
Base voltage ( per winding) device from excitation tests
S base ( per winding)

Transformer models – High-Frequency model
• Traditional transformer models

are not suitable for high
frequency calculations (fast and
very fast front transients)
• Capacitive behavior of the
transformer is dominant at HF.
Transmitted lightning impulse through 2 kVA,

700/35 V transformer unit
(applied voltage, transferred voltage)
• Nominal transformer ratio 0.05

• Transformer ratio at HF ≈ 0.7222

Transformer Impedance versus Frequency

• Simplified models:
• Power frequency standard model with the external capacitance added;
• Capacitance divider model;
• „Black box” models:

• Constructed only from the data measured at the transformer terminals. State-Space Model is generally used.
• „White box” models:

• Require a huge level of knowledge on transformer internal geometry;
• For the system interactions studies these models are not interesting (high frequencies which occurs inside the
transformer are usually attenuated immediately due to the high losses);
• Usually used by transformer producers to determine internal voltage distribution across the windings during the
HF transients
• „Grey box” models:

• Ranging between the black and white box model;
• Constructed from the nameplate data and from the simple geometry data or from the measurement results;

Simplified models:
• Can be used for a rough estimation of the transferred OV magnitude,
• Capacitance values must be measured.
Chl
+
Chg Clg

Transformer models
Characteristic EMTP-RV Model
« Three-phase nameplate input »

Short-Circuit Impedance
BCTRAN
Saturation Non-Linear Inductance
Frequency-dependent series FDBFIT

losses State-Space based model (Black-Box)
Hysteresis and iron losses Hysteresis Reactor
Capacitive coupling Capacitance

Transformer models
Low-Frequency Slow-Front Fast-Front Very Fast-Front

Parameter/ Effect
Transients Transients Transients Transients
Short circuit - Very Very

Important Negligible
impedance important important
Very
Saturation Important Negligible Negligible
important
Very
Core losses Important Negligible Negligible
important
Capacitive coupling Negligible Important Very important Very important
*JuanA. Martinez-Velasco: Power SystemTransients, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010.

Labs: Transformer Switching Analysis (BCTRAN & Saturation)
30 MVA
63 kV/21 kV
3 legged
Yyn
LV neutral resistance: 40 ohm
No load Short-circuit
Positive sequence: i=0.4%, P=14 kW u=15%, P=150 kW
Zero sequence: i=100%, P=4000 kW u=15%
➢ Create a BCTRAN transformer model from transformer data

Labs: Transformer Switching Analysis (BCTRAN & Saturation)
➢Model and validate the saturation from excitation tests data

Synchronous Machine models
Machines.clf > Synchronous machine

• Synchronous machines model

Can take into account :
• Saturation
• Damper Effect
• Different mechanical loads
Model parameters can be calculated from:

• Nameplate input
• Short-circuit // Open-circuit measurements



Steady-State Model

Control
• On the Control Tab, controlled • On the Scope/Observe Tab, user
variables of the machines (Field can select the variables to
voltage, Torque or Power) are Observe
selected

Control
• Input and Output control signals are inside bundles
• Predefined models of Exciter and Governor models

in the « Machines controls » library

Labs: Fault in a SM
➢ Build the synchronous machine model

➢ Reproduce short circuit tests

Labs: Fault in a SM
• Network Data • Short-circuit test DATA
• 13.8KV RMSLL • Xd’=0.34pu
• 60 Hz
• Xd’’=0.253pu
• Machine DATA
• 400MVA • Td’=0.18361s
• 64 Poles • Td’’=0.01738s
• Field current for 1pu Va =1260A • Xq’=0.653pu
• Ra=0.0025pu
• Xq’’=0.298pu
• Xl = 0.15pu
• X0=0.113pu • Tq0’=3s
• Xd = 1.028pu • Tq0’’=0.09s
• Xq = 0.654pu
• Mechanical data
• 1 mass
• Moment of inertia=16.67e6
• Absolute speed damping = 0.034e6

Labs: Fault in a SM
KVRMSLL 2
Icc = 3
Short-circuit current ( KVRMSLL ) 2
X 'qpu
MVA
Frequency deviation

Asynchronous machine models

Main data
Main data
Possibility to load Load-

Flow data
Calculate initial torque to

match steady-state slip
Saturation

Electrical data
Enable Nameplate input
calculator
Rotor type
Nameplate input calculator
Load data into circuit

parameters

Electrical data
Control Mechanical Torque or Speed

Observe/Scopes
Observe and scope signal (default unit or per
unit)

Labs: ASM startup
• Network Data
• 13.2kv RMSLL
• 60 Hz
• Machine DATA
Speed_pu Torque_pu
• 4344 kVA scope scope
• 16 Poles
• Full load efficiency : 0.96 Gain1
Fm1
• Full load power factor : 0.805 Speed 1 f(u) Tm
• Full load slip : 0.89 %
• Starting current : 5.75 pu 0.02122
• Starting torque : 0.9 pu
ASM1
• Inertia constant 0.6 s
• Base speed : 47.12 Rad/s MTerm
• Load ASM S
• Simple model : Torque (pu) = Speed (pu)

13.2kV
4344kVA
➢Start the ASM and analyze starting current
➢Initialize the machine in steady-state
Transmission line models

Models needed in almost all transient study cases

EMTP-RV « lines » Library

Why do we need models ?
• Background theory : Maxwell Equations
➢Complex
Simplification
• PI, CP, FD, WB models

Line and cable models in EMTP-RV
Physical
characteristics
Models

PI models
• simple and fastest model
• Valid for time-domain and phasor domain
• Propagation not taken into account
• Not accurate on a large frequency band
• Valid for short cable/line

CP models
An infinite number of PI cells in series
• Propagation taken into account
• Not accurate on a large frequency band
• Only for time-domain

CP models
▪ Modes are equal to sequences in 3-phases
system.
▪ In 3-phases system, If the model is
continuously transposed (balanced), it
assumes the positive sequence equal to the
negative sequence.
▪ If the model is not considered as continuously
transposed, the user has to enter the current
transformation matrix Ti. I(phase) = Ti.I(mode).
Otherwise, EMTP uses a built-in Clarke
transformation matrix.

FD / FD-Q model
▪ FD/FD-Q model :
▪ Propagation taken into account accurate on a large
frequency band
▪ The Ti of the FDQ is frequency-dependent. It is
usually used for cables only.

Model comparison (PI & CP)
+ PI
+VM
?v
AC2 PI1
+
230kVRMSLL /_0
4.70013124/178.38578mH/2.43306uF
TLM1 CP
+VM
+ CP
1.931e2 ?v
AC1
+
230kVRMSLL /_0

Model comparison (CP, CP@50kHz, FD and WB)

CP
Study PI Exact-PI CP FD WB
@50kHz
Load-Flow and low-

OK OK OK OK
frequency transients
OK in
Harmonic
Frequency OK OK
analysis
Domain
Switching Analysis OK OK
Ferroresonance OK for Lines OK
Lightning OK OK OK

Labs : Build a transmission line model
▪ Phase conductors DC resistance : 0.0324 Ohm/km

▪ Phase conductors diameter : 4.06908 cm
ground wire ground wire
7 8 ▪ Ground wire conductors DC resistance : 1.6216 Ohm/km
-3.9319m 3.9319m
▪ Ground wire conductors diameter : 0.98044 cm
▪ Phase conductors are tubular: the ratio between thickness and
3 4 diameter is 0,3636
phase 2
▪ Span length: 300 meter
-0.2286m 0.2286m
phase 1 phase 3
1 2 6
30.023m
5
23.622m
5.8674m
-5.8674m
15.24m
-6.3246m 6.3246m
Reference
➢ Build a CP, FD and a Wideband model
126
Switching Analysis with EMTP-RV
• Statistical Analysis
➢ Labs: Statistical analysis

Switching transients
• Study of switching topologies
• Typical network events 600
phase a
phase b
400
• Switching of transmission lines 200
L4m (kV)
• Fault appearance and elimination -200
0
• Capacitor bank switching -400
phase c
-600
• Reactor switching 0 5 10 15
t (ms)
20 25 30
• Breaker models:
• Ideal switches for TRV studies
• Arc models for arc quenching capability studies
• Can require statistical and parametric studies

Statistical Analysis
• EMTP-RV offers the possibility to run statistical analysis. A statistical analysis case is a Random Data
case solved in the time-domain. Instead of performing only one time-domain simulation after
optional steady-state solution, EMTP performs several time-domain simulations. Each simulation
has a different set of data for some devices in the design
• For performance reason, each simulation saves minimum and maximum values for requested
scopes.
• Saved statistical data can be visualized from the plot processor package MPLOT (options library >
MPLOT).
• Only one device, the “Ideal switch” from the switches library has a Random data tab and can be
used to perform statistical analysis.
• The statistical option can be set with the statistical device from the option library.
Statistical case
Statistical

Option Library > Statistical
• The Study type parameter can select:
• No random data (standard simulation): turns off the statistical analysis option
• Statistical: Turns on the statistical simulations.
• Statistical with base case: Run a base case before the statistical analysis. Base case
data use mean values
• Time of dice roll specify the solution time-point before which no

random time event can occur
• The maximum multiple of standard deviation is used to calculate
the time of dice roll specified above
• The “special delay for ideal switch devices” option adds a random
time to all random data switches of type “Ideal switch”

• “Save all simulation waveforms” options save not only statistical
data but the entire time-domain waveforms for each simulation.
(Should be used with extreme care)
• An observation window can be set

• “Save all simulation waveforms” options save not only statistical
data but the entire time-domain waveforms for each simulation.
(Should be used with extreme care)
• An observation window can be set

Ideal Switch > Random data tab
• Possibility to define different Random laws (Gaussian, Uniform,
Systematic)
• Possibility to define Dependency (slave or master)

The mechanical nature of circuit breakers induces a statistical variation of the closing
times of each pole. Typically, there is a Gaussian probability distribution of closing
and opening of the individual poles with a standard deviation of about 1-1.5 ms.

MPLOT
MPLOT
Matlab Based Application (no need to have
Matlab to run it)
Quick Way to display your results
Compatible with Statistic analysis
• Plot : All the curves on one figure

• Subplot : A figure pear curves

MPLOT
MPLOT
• MPLOT Device in the Option Library
• MPLOT Documentation in the HELP tab

MPLOT
MPLOT
To copy the figure with high resolution

MPLOT
MPLOT > Cumulative Distribution Function
min: 186116.222, max: 211482.5242, mean: 199494.424, median: 201151.3993, std: 8807.2034
Cumulative distribution function

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1.85 1.9 1.95 2 2.05 2.1 2.15
y 5
x 10

MPLOT
MPLOT > Histogram

Labs: Statistical analysis
• Open the stat_case.ecf design and set a statistical analyze with the
230kV /_0
THEV
following parameters:
+
• 200 runs
THEV
• SW_FAULT closes with a uniform random data low (Mean=16ms and Standard
+
Deviation=5)
ZTH2 • The time between the fault time and the opening time of the phase a of the
“SW_1” breaker has a Gaussian distribution (mean=28ms and Standard
deviation=4ms)
BUS7
• The time between the opening times of phases b and a of the “SW_1” breaker has a
Gaussian distribution (mean=1ms and Standard Deviation=0.5ms)
• The time between the opening times of phases C and b of the “SW_1” breaker has a
+
Gaussian distribution (mean=1ms and Standard Deviation=0.5ms)

144.4
TLM2
• Scope switching times
CP
• Run the base case and scope the voltage on Bus 1
BUS1
BUS12
L1
BUS13 • Run the statistical analysis and use the cumulative distribution
GEN3
GEN3
ZTH1
+ function to find the worst overvoltage on bus 1
+ TLM1 70.16mH
251.2,219.1mH,0
+
+ CP
RLC +
230kV /_0 24.14

RLC1
SW1 BKR1
+
-1|1E15|0 BUS2
a
TLM3
+
+ CP
193.1 SW_FAULT 16ms|100ms|0
?vi
?vi

Surge Arrester modeling
• IEEE Working Group model 3.4.11
➢ Labs: IEEE Metal Oxyde surge arrester for fast front transients

Surge arresters modeling
IEEE Working Group model 3.4.11
The model developed is composed of two non-linear resistors (A0 and A1), two
inductors (L0 and L1) in parallel with two resistors (R0 and R1) and a capacitor C0.
Figure: IEEE MO surge arrester model for fast front transients
Source: Power System Transients – Parameter Determination edited by Juan A. Martinez-Velasco

The non-linear characteristic of A1 is
approximately equal to the 8/20μs curve while
A0 is 20% to 30% higher. L1 and R1 act as a
low-pass filter:
For low-frequency transients, A0 and A1 are
almost in parallel while for high-frequency
transients, the transient is distributed in the
two nonlinear branches.

Linear parameters are only linked to the physical parameters of the model and
are derived from the following equations:
𝑑 𝑑
𝐿0 = 0.2 (µH) 𝐿1 = 15 (µH)
𝑛 𝑛
𝑑 𝑑
𝑅0 = 100 (µH) 𝑅1 = 65 (µH)
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛
𝐶0 = 100 (pF)
𝑑
➢ d is the height of arrester
➢ n is the number of parallel columns of MO disks

The “per-unit” V-I curves of A0 and A1 are given and must be adapted to the
actual arrester (the “ZNO data function” of EMTP-RV does that automatically).
The procedure proposed by the IEEE working group to determine all parameters
can be summarized as follows:
➢ Determine the linear parameters (L0, R0, L1, R1, and C) and derive A0 and A1.
➢ Adjust A0 and A1 to match the switching surge discharge voltage
➢ Adjust L1 to match the lightning surge discharge voltage (8/20us)

Labs: Arrester modeling
Use the surge arrester model for fast front surges developed by the IEEE
Working Group 3.4.11 on Surge Arrester described in the previous section to
model an arrester. The arrester datasheet indicates that:
➢ the height of the arrester is 3901 mm (d)

➢ the number of parallel columns of MO disks is 1 (n)
➢ the maximum continuous operating voltage (MCOV) is 318kV
➢ the maximum switching surge discharge voltage 2kA 45µs is 809kV
➢ the maximum discharge voltage using an 8/20µs 10kA is 922kV

Use the previously given formulas to calculate the linear parameters of the model (L0, R0, L1, R1, C0).
Device Values of linear parameters
L0 0.780 µH
L1 58.5 µH
R0 390 Ω
R1 253.5 Ω
C0 25.6 pF Figure: IEEE MO surge arrester for fast front transients

• Use the ZnO Data Function of EMTP-RV to derive A0 and A1.
• Use the pre-defined table and set the desired voltage rating to the 8/20μs -10kA residual voltage of the
arrester (922kV) to generate the V-I curves of A0 and A1
ZnO +
100kV
ZnO
Data function
ZnO1

VALIDATION
To validate the surge arrester model two tests with double exponential current source
with manufacturer’s test shape have to be performed:
➢ Switching test: Match manufacturer's switching surge discharge voltage test by
adjusting A1 and A0
➢ Lightning test: Match manufacturer's discharge voltage using 8/20μs 10kA test by
adjusting L1

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EMTP-RV

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 1

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 2

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 3

12:30 am/1:30 pm : Lunch break

Pauses à 10H30 et à 15H

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 4

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EMTP-RV - 3-Day Training 6

POWERSYS POWERSYS POWERSYS

Engineering Software Software

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Sales, Marketing and Promotion Worldwide

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Power Systems Transients

Sales, Marketing, Promotion and Events Worldwide

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Product lifecycle management

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5 Offices (France, USA, Germany, India and Canada)

Sales and technical support in each location.

Software developers (PSIM, JMAG)

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 12

EMTP-RV website www.emtp-software.com

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 14

DC 50/60 Hz kHz, MHz

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 15

EMTP-RV : computational engine

EMTPWorks : Graphical User Interface

ScopeView: the Output Processor for Data display and analysis

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 16

• Robust simulation engine

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 17

• But also : frequency scan and statistical

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 18

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 19

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 20

Zap : Delete individual signal sections or attribute Draw Graphics

New Breakout : Multiplexing

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 21

Pages: Possibility to have multiple pages Create Subcircuit Block ….

Part Type: Create and Manage devices

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 22

Pages: Possibility to redraw design Display/Hide Console & Libraries

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 23

Run a simulation Open ScopeView and MPLOT

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 24

Open Examples Folder Possibility to display Steady-State Data

Possibility to Exclude/Include devices Possibility to define Global Variables

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 25

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 26

▪ Simulation Control (Pause/Stop)

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 27

230kVRMSLL /_-.01 Source

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 28

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 29

▪ Change the Value and chose your Unity

▪ You can enter a mathematical expression

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 30

▪ Specify initial conditions

▪ Use 0 when not required (Calculated automatically

EMTP-RV - 2-Day Training 31

▪ Select signals to be saved