Hypertension

Prepared by : ahmad mohamad al shahat

Under supervision of :
Dr. Ola mohamad
Dr. Mohamad ali
Outlines

u Introduction
u Definition of hypertension
u Classification of high blood pressure
u Risk factors for hypertension
u Etiology of hypertension
u Sign and symptoms of hypertension
u Complications of hypertension
u Medical management
u Nursing intervention
Introduction

u Hypertension ̶ or elevated blood pressure ̶ is a serious medical condi5on

that significantly increases the risks of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases.
u Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide.
u One of the global targets for noncommunicable diseases is to reduce the
prevalence of hypertension by 33% between 2010 and 2030.
u What is hypertension?
Definition of hypertension

u Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of
the body’s arteries, the major blood vessels in the body. Hypertension is when
blood pressure is too high.
Classification of hypertension

u Normal: Less than 120/80 mmHg;

u Elevated: Systolic between 120-129 mmHg and diastolic less than 80 mmHg.
u Stage 1: Systolic between 130-139 mmHg and diastolic 80-89 mmHg.
u Stage 2: intensive hypertension Systolic 140 mmHg or higher and diastolic at 90
mmHg or higher.
u Hypertensive Crisis: Higher than 180 mmHg for systolic and diastolic higher than
120 mmHg.
Risk factors and etiology of hypertension

u Genetic
u Stress
u Obesity
u Smoking
u Lack of physical activities ( sedentary lifestyle)
u Too much alcohol consumption
u Older age
u Chronic kidney disease
u Adrenal and thyroid disorders
u Sleep apnea
Signs and symptoms of hypertension

u Most people with hypertension are unaware of the problem. ( silent killer).
u Chest pain
u Flushing
u Headache
u Nose bleeds
u Irregular heart rhythm
u Blurred vision
Cont. sever hypertension causes

u Fatigue
u Nausea
u Vomiting
u Confusion
u Anxiety
u Chest pain
u Muscle tremors
Complications of hypertension

u Heart attack or stroke

u aneurysm
u Heart failure
u Weakened and narrowest blood vessels in kidney
u Metabolic syndrome
u Dementia
Medical management

u ACE inhibitorsAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce blood

pressure by relaxing your blood vessels, e.g. enalapril ( ezapril ), lisinopril (
sinopril, zesteril ), perindopril ( coversyl ).
u Angiotensin II receptor blockrts angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax
your blood vessels which ,e.g. losartan ( coozar, amosar), valsartan ( tareg).
u Calcium channel blockers Calcium channel blockers keep calcium from
entering the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. This widens your
arteries and reduces your blood pressure, e.g. diltiazem (altiazem), nifedipine
(adalat LA , epilat )and amlodipine (amilo , alkapress ,amlodipine).
Cont.

u Diure<cs work by flushing excess water and salt from the body through urine,
e.g. amiloride, furosemide ( lasix ), indapamide ( hypotense , natrilix sr).
u Beta-blockers work by making your heart beat more slowly and with less
force, e.g. atenolol (ateno), metoprolol (selokenzoc), propanolol.
Nursing intervention

u Encourage the patient to consult a dietitian to help develop a plan for

improving nutrient intake or for weight loss.
u Encourage restriction of sodium and fat
u Emphasize increase intake of fruits and vegetables.
u Implement regular physical activity.
u Advise patient to limit alcohol consumption and avoidance of tobacco.
u Assist the patient to develop and adhere to an appropriate exercise regimen.