ONCOLOGY - Premalignant Tumors of Epithelial Tissue

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1. Leukoplakia What are the premalignant 7. - Keratosis Histologic terminologies used to

tumors? - Leukokeratosis designate clinical leukoplakia
Leukoedema - Hyperkeratosis
- Hyperkeratosis
Intraepithelial carcinoma or simplex
carcinoma in situ - Hyperkeratosis
complex
Erythroplakia/Erythroplasia - Non specific
of Queyrat focal keratosis
- Pachyderma
Submucous fibrosis oralis
- Leukoplakia
2. Extrinsic local factors Initiation of leukoplakia may
- Intraepithelial
be caused by:
carcinoma
intrinsic predisposing
factors 8. epithelial Two features required by authors for a
dysplasia microscopic diagnosis of leukoplakia for
3. - Tobacco What are the Extrinsic local
possible malignant transformation
- Alcohol factors and intrinsic
dyskeratosis
- Oral sepsis predisposing factors that
- Local irritation or trauma initiates leukoplakia 9. - Focal keratosis Terms used to describe a clinical white
- Syphilis - Hyperkeratosis patch in the absence of dysplasia
- Vitamin deficiency
10. tobacco tars and chemical constituents and combustion
- Endocrine disturbances
resin end products of tobacco that produces
- Galvanism
leukoplakic alterations of the oral
- Candidosis
mucosa
- Actinic radiation (lips)
- Iron deficiency anemia 11. Pipe smoking Among the different means of tobacco
- Development of use, this is the most harmful
sideropenic dysphagia 12. Stomatitis This is frequently evident in persons who
(Plummer-Vinson or nicotina or pipe- are heavy pipesmokers
Paterson-Kelly syndromes) smoker's palate
4. Leukoplakia Term used to indicate a white 13. - Cigarette Occurs in patients smoking chiefly non-
patch or plaque occurring on smoker's lip lesion filtered cigarettes
the surface of the mucous
14. ♦ Malocclusion Chronic irritating factors in the oral
membrane
♦ Producing cavity
5. - Oral cavity Leukoplakia indicates a white chronic cheek-
- Vulva patch or plaque occurring on biting
- Uterine cervix the surface of the mucous ♦ Ill-fitting
- Urinary bladder membrane of: dentures
- Renal pelvis ♦ Sharp or
- Upper respiratory tract broken-down
6. Leukoplakia describe a white patch on the teeth which
mucosa which will not rub or irritate the
strip off mucosa
♦ Hot spicy foods
(continued use)
15. Vitamin A Deficiency of this vitamin induces
Deficiency metaplasia and keratinization of certain
epithelial structures (glands and
respiratory mucosa
16. Vitamin B complex Deficiency of this vitamin might be 29. Verrucous, fissured types of leukoplakia that are most
deficiency related to the alteration in the and thickened likely to become malignant
oxidation patterns of the epithelium,
30. Proliferative Segregated from other leukoplakia
making it more susceptible to
verrucous
irritation
leukoplakia (PVL)
17. Brewer's yeast Treatment for Vitamin B complex
31. Proliferative Begins as simple keratosis and
deficiency
Verrucous eventually becomes verrucous in
18. Renstrup Stated that candida hypae may be Leukoplakia nature
responsible for a disorderly
32. 80% Percentage of hyperkeratosis on at
maturation of the epithelium
first diagnosis of leukoplakia
19. Speckled type Type of leukoplakia caused by
33. 12% Percentage of dysplasia on at first
candida hyphae
diagnosis of leukoplakia
20. Middle aged or Age predilection of Leukoplakia
34. 3% Percentage of carcinoma in situ on at
older population (40
first diagnosis of leukoplakia
years old)
35. 5% Percentage of squamous cell
21. None (males before) Gender predilection of leukoplakia
carcinoma on at first diagnosis of
22. 5% Percentage of cases of leukoplakia leukoplakia
which are malignant at the time of 1st
36. 5-10% Transformation rates of all idiopathic
biopsy
leukoplakias
23. 5% Percentage of cases of leukoplakia
37. 10%-15% Transformation rates of all dysplastic
that undergo malignant
leukoplakia
transformation
38. Dysplasia indicates abnormal epithelium and
24. 10-15% Percentage of leukoplakia that
disoriented growth
develops to squamous cell
carcinoma 39. atypia refers to abnormal nuclear features

25. Floor of the mouth area of comparatively high 40. - Mild What are the degrees of dysplasia?
transformation rates from leukoplakia - Moderate
but shows minimal dysplasia - Severe (most like
to evolve to cancer)
26. a. Floor of the mouth High-risk sites for malignant
b. Tongue transformation of leukoplakia 41. Severe Degree of dysplasia most likely to
c. Lip evolve to cancer
d. Palate
e. Buccal
f. Vestibule
g. Retromolar
27. - Vestibule, buccal Site of predilection of leukoplakia
- Palate, alveolar according to regezi
ridge, lip
- Tongue, floor
28. 1. Non-palpable, What are the three stages of
faintly translucent, leukoplakia?
white discoloration

2. Localized or
diffuse, slightly
elevated plaques of
irregular outline.

3. Thickened, white
lesions, showing
indurations, fissuring
and ulcer formation