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Unit 1 - Lesson 1
Computer System Basics
 Computer device:
- It is an electronic set which has the ability to store data and process them to reach
certain results (information).
- Computer performs logical and mathematical operations using a series of
instructions that is called a program
 Some modern Computer Types:
- The computer appears in different shapes, sizes …….
- They can be classified according to speed, cost and size……etc.

Laptop Desktop Smart Devices

 Computer System components:

Data and Information

Computer System
Components

Data and
Hardware Software Humanware
information

* Data: They are set of facts that can be obtained

by observation or watching.
These data may be text, images, sound. Images Text

Sounds
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* Information: Data are processed by classifying, organizing and analyzing to achieve
certain goal (objective).
They may be in the form of reports, tables and charts ……….. etc.

Data Process Information

Hardware:
- The actual content of the computer device which can be observed and touched.
- It consists of System Unit and all the parts which are connected to it such as monitor,
keyboard, mouse …..
- It can be classified to

1.Input
Units

2.Output 4.System
Hardware
Units Unit

3.Storage
Units

1. Input Units: The devices which are responsible for entering different types of data.
2. Output Units: The devices which are responsible to display and output information
which are processed.
3. Storage Units: The devices which are used for storing data and information. It can be
retrieved at any time and it's not affected by disconnecting electrical current.

Flash Memory Hard Disk

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N.B. There are some units which are used as input and output units at the same time
such as Touch screen

Activity:
Classify types of these devices: input units, output units or storage devices

4. System unit: The basic hardware component in computer

System unit components:
i. Main Memory
ii. Central processing Unit(CPU)
iii. Motherboard

i. Main Memory

Random Access Read-Only

Memory (RAM) Memory(ROM)

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 a. Random Access Memory (RAM):
- It is called work memory
- It is memory of reading and writing.
- It's the volatile memory as it loses its
contents when the electricity turns off.
b. Read Only Memory(ROM):
- It contains all the main programs to start the device on
(BIOS).
- Its contents are saved by the producer company.
- It is called Read.only Memory because you never can to write
on it.
- It is called the permanent memory because its contents are never affected by
turning the electricity off and it can save its contents permanently.

ii. Central Processing Unit (CPU):

- It is responsible for doing any logical and mathematical processes.
- CPU consists of:
a. Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)
b. Control Unit(CU)
N.B. Processor, RAM, ROM are located on Motherboard, which is located inside
Computer case.

Motherboard
Computer Case
Measurement units: (enrichment)
1. Measurement unit for Storage units space:
Bit: It represents passing or not passing the electric current. It takes the value of 0 or 1
as 1 represents passing the electric current (on) and 0 represents not passing the
electric current (off).
Byte: It can be used in most computer systems as a unit of measuring data. It is used
to represent a letter or a symbol. It consists of 8 bits.
1 Byte (B) = 8 bits
1Kilo Byte (KB) = 1024 B
1MegaByte (MB) = 1024 KB
1GegaByte (GB) = 1024 MB
1TeraByte (TB) = 1024 GB
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 The order of units of measuring storage capacity from the smallest to the biggest:

Bit
Byte
KByte
MByte
GByte
TByte
2. Measurement unit for processor speed:

X1000 X1000 X1000

KHz MHz GHz THz

/ 1000
KHz

Hz
Software:
* 1000
- It is a set of programs used to operate the computer and employ it to do different
tasks.

Software

Operating Programming
Utilities Applications
System Languages

Linux - Windows Antivirus C++ Microsoft Word

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Software classification according to source code:
1. Closed Source Programs:
A type of programs where you can't read its source code. It is only available for
programmers or designers. (The source code is the programming code of the program).

2. Open Source Programs:

They are the programs of source code available for use, editing, development and
distribution.

Comparison between open and closed source programs:

Open Source Programs Closed Source Programs
Available for free Determine costs according to the usage license
The source code is available for all to Developing the source code is done by the
modify and develop it programmers of the owners only
Distributing programs to others without Not allowed for use but after getting the
restriction is available license.
Examples GIMP, LibreOffice, OpenShot Examples: Microsoft Office, Adobe Reader,
Photoshop

Software classification according to copyrights:

1. Freeware: The responsible company lets the user make full use of it for free.
2. Shareware: Shareware is an experimental copy for the original software with limited
abilities or limited time and when time is over, shareware must be bought.
3. All rights reserved: It is protected by ID (Serial Number).
Humanware

Humanware

User programmer Designer Analyst

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 Remember

Computer : It is an electronic device with ability to store data and process them to reach
certain results (information) by doing some logical and mathematical processes using a
series of logically arranged instructions called the program.
The main content of computer:
Data and information . hardware . software . Humanware.
The computer hardware components :
Input units – output units – storage units – system unit.
The most important components of system unit.
The main memory unit . Motherboard . CPU Central Processing Unit (Processor)
The Processor consists of two main units:
- Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
- Control Unit (CU)
Software: is a set of programs used to operate the computer and employ it to do different
tasks:
- Closed Source Programs - Open Source Programs
According to the copy rights, software is divided into three kinds:
- Freeware - Shareware - All rights reserved

Questions & Exercises

A. Write the scientific term:

1. An electronic device that processes data converting it into information.
(………………………………)
2. Memory where data is saved temporarily.
(………………………………)
3. Memory where data is saved permanently.
(………………………………)
4. The physical parts of computer, which can be observed and touched.
(………………………………)
5. A set of programs which used to operate the computer.
(………………………………)
B. Complete the following sentences:
1. Computer Types are …………………….., ……………………. and ………………..
2. Computer system components are …………………………, ………………………..
………………………… and ………………………………
3. Data types are ......................................, ................................, ............................
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 4. Hardware consists of .........................., ..............................., ........................... and
..........................
5. ........................, ............................., ..................... and ..................................... are
examples of input units.
6. ........................, ........................ and ........................ are examples of output units.
7. …………………. is an input and output unit.
8. .............................., ............................ and ........................ are examples of storage
units.
9. System unit is composed of ......................., .......................... and ...........................
10. Central Processing Unit (CPU) is composed of .............................. and
....................................
11. Processor, RAM, ROM are located on ..............................
12.Measurement unit of processor speed is …………………..
13.Measurement unit of storage units is …………………..
C. Put () in front of correct sentences or (X) in front of wrong sentences:
1. All open source programs are free but not all free programs are open course code.
(……)
2. Source code of open source code programs is available for all to modify it. (......)
3. Source code of closed source code programs is available for all to modify it. (......)
4. In Closed source programs, developing of the source code is done only by its owners
and programmers. (......)
5. As an example of Programming languages software is C++ (......)
6. As an example of Applications software is antivirus (......)

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 Lesson 2
Operating System
Operating System:
- It's the most important program that runs on a computer
- An operating system or OS is a software program that enables the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer software.

Operating systems are responsible for managing:

- Computer hardware
- Applications

 User can interact with operating system using: Command Prompt or GUI
Command Prompt:
- It is called "Terminal" in some operating systems
- where the user prompts commands to the operating system using keyboard
- You can open it by clicking Start menu, then Run

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

- Commands appear in menus, toolbars, graphics, ….
- where the user interacts with the operating system using mouse
- It makes using of computer more enjoyable.

Operating system functions:

1. Manage storage units and the other components of computer (printer – scanner).
2. Organize software dealing with memory.
3. Transmit data among the different units and save them on storage units.
4. Security (password – different user validity).
5. Provide user interface (through which the user can deal with computer)

Users

Applications

Operating System

Hardware
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Operating system classification:

1. Closed source operating systems: such as

a. Mac OS for Apple devices
b. Windows for PC
2. Open source operating systems: such as
a. Linux which is open for development, and its
distributions Ubuntu and Fedora.
b. Mobile phones operating system: such as Android. It's for tablets also.

GUI characteristics:
1. Displaying programs in organized windows.
2. Using menus and toolbars.
3. Multitasking (operating several programs at the same time)
4. Using many languages as an application interface.
5. Provide web browsers for website pages.

Start screen for operating system:

- On starting the computer, operating system POST(Power On Self Test) (The self.test
program) makes sure of the safety of main units such as temporary memory (RAM),
Keyboard, screen and disc drivers.
- The self.test program found in ROM; In case of having no problems, operating system
starts then, the opening screen appears for user to start achieving his work.

 The main components of the start screen are similar among the different operating
systems.

Basic components of opening screen for different operating systems:

- Background: It's a color or image that can be changed by the user.
- Icons: small symbols used in running different programs quickly as soon as you double
click the left button of the mouse.
- Bars: group of symbols of installed software on operating systems and others related to
the important preparations of the system such as time and date setting and sound control
and the network.

 The computer can contain more than one operating system but on starting, choose one of
them to be loaded.

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 Remember

Operating system: a software program that enables the computer hardware to

communicate and operate with the computer software.
Operating system is responsible for:
• The Hardware of the computer • Software applications
Operating system functions:
• Manage storage units and the other components of computer (printer – scanner).
• Organize software dealing with memory.
• Transmit data among the different units and save them on storage units.
• Security (password – different user validity).
• Provide user interface
* There are different closed and open source operating systems.
GUI characteristics:
• Displaying programs in organized windows.
• Using menus and toolbars.
• Multitasking
• Using many languages as an application interface.
• Provide web browsers for website pages.
• The main components of the start screen are similar among the different
operating systems.

Questions & Exercises

A. Write the name of each operating system:

………………... …….……………

………………….. …………………

B. Put () in front of correct sentences or (X) in front of wrong sentences:

1. Operating system must be installed on the computer to be able to operating the rest
kinds of different programs and applications (……)
2. User can deal with operating system using Command Prompt. (……)
3. User interacts with OS using mouse through Command Prompt. (…...)
4. Mac OS is an open source operating system. (……)

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 5. Android is an open source operating system. (……)
6. Fedora is an open source operating system. (…....)
7. You can't install more than one operating system on a PC. (……)
8. Operating system manages the computer's resources, such as CPU, memory, disk
drives, and printers (……)
9. Security is one of operating system functions. (……)
C. Complete the following sentences:
1. One of the advantages of GUI is …………………………………
2. Basic start screen components are ………………….., icons, …………………..
3. OS is an abbreviation for ..............................
4. User interacts with operating system using ...............................or .................................
5. To open Command Prompt, click .................. menu, then click ..............
6. GUI stands for ..........................................................
7. Operating system types are ......................................... and .............................................
8. Examples of closed source operating systems are ……….................... and
......................................
9. Examples of open source operating systems are …………................. and
..................................
10................................... and ..................................... are distributions of Linux OS.
I. Choose the correct answer :
1. Commands appear in menus, toolbars, graphics in .........................
a. Command Prompt c. RAM
b. GUI d.ROM
2. User interacts with OS using keyboard through ..........................
a. Command Prompt. c.RAM
b. GUI d.ROM
3. ......................... provides a user interface.
a. Hardware c. Humanware
b. Operating system d. Command prompt
4. Ubuntu is ...........................
a. a closed source OS c. a command prompt
b. an open source OS d. none of the above
5. All of the following are advantages of GUI except .............
a. Displaying programs in organized windows
b. Using many languages as an application interface
c. Using keyboard in writing commands d. Multitasking

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 D. Write the scientific term:
1. A software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate
with computer software. (......................................)
2. A way to interact with operating system using keyboard. (......................................)
3. A way to interact with operating system using mouse. (......................................)
E. Answer the following questions:
1. List two of open source operating systems
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. List two of closed source operating systems
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

Lesson 3
Dealing with files and folders
- One of the most advantages of operating system is to control files management and
organize them in folders on computer.
- Each operating system depends on file system which is used for how to store, restore,
organize and manage files.
- All processes carried out by the computer are kept inside RAM and when the electricity
is off this temporary memory loses its contents.
- To keep your data permanently, you should save them on a storage units.

Compare between the different storage units concerning the storage capacity as
follows:

Storage Units

Flash memory
Hard Disk
Compact Disc
(CD)

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 File:
- It's a set of data which is stored on storage units with different
extensions and types.
- The user can deal with it on restoring, modifying, deleting,
sharing and printing ……etc.
- File name consists of two parts, the first is the origin name and
the second is called extension which determines file type. (file
type often consists of 3 letters).
- The file origin name is separated from its extension with a (dot).
- The file has certain types which differ according to the
application used in its creation.
 The most important file types:
1. Video files:
This file contains sound and images. It is created by special programs for recording videos or
audios.
2. Image files:
They are created by graphic programs with different extensions which define the image
accuracy, clearance and size.
3. Text files:
There are several office programs such as MS office, Libreoffice.

4. System files:
They belong to the operating system.
These files mustn't be played with or deleted so as not
to affect operating system to work badly.
File creation:
- Open one of the text editor programs (e.g.MS office)
- Write some of text phrases
File saving:
Click Office button, then Save
1. Write the file name in the specific place.
2. Define the place in which file be saved.
3. Click Save.
Note that: File saving ways are similar even if operating systems are different.
Tips:
- At the first time to save files the command save is similar to save as command.
- Save as is used to save file copy using new name at the same place or any other place.
- You can use the short keys in the keyboard (Ctrl+S) to save the file.
- It is preferred to file name to suit its content to be easy to remember.
- You must remember the place where you saved.

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 Save As
- Used on creating the file at
the first time
- Used on changing the file
name, extension, or its place
where it saved.
Save
- Used on creating the file for
the first time.
- Used on modifying the file to
save it with the same name
and in the same place as it is.

Searching for a file in the computer:

- You can search for a file using the origin name or part of it, or by the extension (type).
This can be done using search command.
- Search tab can be activated by pressing (Ctrl+F) on the keyboard.
The search using the name:
- Write the file name or part of it in the search bar then file names appear including the
file name.
The search using file extensions:
- This can be done using the symbol (*) instead of the file origin name and write the file
extension and they can be separated with a dot (.)
For example: to search for all files with extension png, write (*.png)

 Folder:
- It is a place inside a storage unit which contains a file or more and also other folders
called sub-folder.
- The purpose of using folders is to organize storage units' contents.
- The more your work is arranged and organized, the less effort you do and the less time
you take to reach your goal. So you need to organize
and arrange your files by putting each connected group
in a separate place (folder) to be easy to reach.
- Folders have several similar shapes according to
operating system type and content.

- One of the folder properties is to identify its size and the

number of its contents.(Open context menu, then select
Properties)

 Creating a folder:
1. Click mouse in the place where you need to create the
folder, right click, the context menu appears.
2. Select New then Folder command
3. Write the folder name.
4. Click "create".
 You can create a new a folder using the shortcut keys:
Shift+Ctrl+N

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Cutting a folder: to move the folder from its current place to a new place at the same
storage unit or any other storage unit.
Copying a folder: to make another instance (to get spare copy) of the file either at the same
storage unit or any other.
To Copy a folder:
1. Open context menu of the folder, and choose "Copy".
2. Move to the new place(where you want to copy the file)
3. Display context menu, and choose "Paste".
To Rename a folder:
1. Open context menu of the folder, and choose "Rename".
2. Write the new name.
3. Press Enter.
To Delete a folder:
1. Open context menu of the folder, and choose "Delete".
2. A message box will appear, to confirm deleting press "Yes"

Restoring the deleted (files or folders):

Any deleted folder or file will be moved to "Recycle Bin" where it can be restored again or
deleted forever.
Dealing with Recycle Bin:
1. Open Recycle Bin.
2. Click the file or folder you want to restore, then click "Restore this item"
3. If you choose to delete a file from Recycle Bin, it will be deleted forever.
4. If you select "Empty the Recycle Bin", all files and folders in Recycle Bin will be
deleted forever.
5. Click "Restore all items" to restore all files which are in the recycle bin.

Activity:
- Create two folders: "My work" and "Games" in Documents folder.
- Open "Games" folder, then create folder "cars" inside it.
- Copy "cars" folder and paste it at the same place with another name "football".
- After doing the previous steps, make sure that the folder "games" is found and inside it
the other two folders "cars" "football" are found.

Remember

- One of the most advantages of operating system is to control files management

and organize them in folders on computer.
- In order to save your work permanently, it must be saved in files in storage units.

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File : is a set of data which is stored in a storage unit with different extensions and
types.
The user can deal with them by restoring, modifying deleting, Sharing, printing, …..
The file name consists of two syllables – the first is the origin name and the second
is called extension which determines file type. It often consists of three letters.
On saving the file. . For the first time, "save" is equal to "save as"
- You can use "save as" to save the file with a new name at the same place or
another.
You can search for the file in several ways:
- Search using a name
- Search using the file extension
The folder definition: . It is a place inside a storage unit which contains a file or
more and also other folders called sub-folders
- So, the folder may contain files or sub folders.
- One of the properties of the folder is to identify its size and the number of its
contents.
The folder can be manipulated by: cut – copy – Rename – delete
Restoring the deleted files or folders: On deleting a file or a folder, it moves to
Recycle Bin where it can be restored or deleted forever.

Questions & Exercises

A. Put () in front of the right phrase and (X) in front of the false ones:
1. The permanent delete in Recycle Bin can be restored again (……)
2. Cut and paste of the folder means repeating it to get a spare copy either at the same
storage unit or at another. (……)
3. The type of the file can be identified through its icon or extension (……)
4. Files can be saved by using (Shift + S). (……)
5. File extension often consists of 3 letters. (……)
6. File name and its extension is separated by a comma(,) (……)
7. File saving ways are similar even if operating systems are different. (……)
8. At first time to save files the command Save is similar to Save As command. (……)
9. Save As is used to save file copy using new name at the same place or any other place.
(……)
10.It's better to name files with names which are suitable for its contents. (……)
11.You can search for a file using (Shift + F). (……)

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12. Copying a folder is to move the folder from its current place to another place. (……)
B. What is the difference between:
1. Save and save as

Save As Save
…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………

2. File and folder

File Folder
…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………

3. Delete and Delete from Recycle Bin

Delete Delete from Recycle Bin

…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………

C. Write the scientific term:

1. Files belong to operating system and components connected to computer, never play with
it. (…………………………………)
2. A collection of data which is stored in the storage units in different extension.
(…………………………………)
3. A place inside a storage device which may contain many files.
(…………………………………)
D. Complete the following sentences:
1. File name consists of 2 parts …….................... and ..........................
2. The most important file types are ......................................., ..................................,
.............................. and .................................
3. You can search for a file using its ........................... or ...............................
4. To search for all (jpg) files, write .................... in search box
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 5. ..........+...........+............ are the shortcut keys of creating new folder.
6. To delete all files in Recycle Bin select ..........................
E. Rearrange the following steps to:
i. Create a folder
(…..) Write the folder name.
(…..) Right click the mouse, then click new command
(…..) Press create
(…..) Select folder command
ii. Copy a folder
(…..) Display context menu, and choose paste.
(…..) Open context menu of the folder, and choose copy.
(…..) Move to the new place.
ii. Rename a folder
(…..)Write the new name.
(…..) Press folder.
(…..) Open context menu of the folder, and choose rename.
F. Choose the correct answer :
1. ................... command is used on modifying the file to save it with the same name and
in the same place
a. Save As c. Send
b. Save d. Store
2. When you delete a file or a folder it will be .........................
a. deleted permanently c. moved to "Recycle Bin".
b. moved to RAM d. none of the above
3. When you delete a file or a folder from "Recycle Bin" it will be .................
a. deleted permanently c. restored to its place.
b. moved to RAM d. none of the above
4. When you restore a file or a folder from "Recycle Bin" it will be ………....
a. deleted permanently c. restored to its place.
b. moved to RAM d. none of the above

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 Lesson 4
Computer networks
Computer network:
It is a connection between two sets or more through wires or wireless to share resources (sets
and data)

The most important benefits of computer nets:

1. Exchanging data and programs.
2. Sharing Hardware such as (printer, scanner,
different storage units …….etc.)
3. Data centralization (such as the main branch of a
bank has a computer with database for the
customers' accounts and connect to other computers
in the other branches of the same bank in order to update the data at any branch of the
bank).

Types of Networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN):
It is a limited network area inside a building or several near
buildings. It is used at small institutions, schools, universities or at
home.

2. Wide Area Network (WAN):

It is used to connect devices separated by long distances
like cities, states or continents. The Internet is considered a
special type of the wide area networks.

File Sharing:
It is the process of spreading stored information, such as documents, electronic books,
computer software or multimedia (audio files, video or photos) .

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First: Sharing files among users in Windows Operating System:
1. Add the files in a folder.
2. Select the folder to be shared ,
right-click, then select Share
with (from the context menu).

3. Select the option “Specific

people”, a dialogue box File
Sharing appears.
4. Choose the user allowed to share
the folder from the drop down list.
Let the user be Everyone to allow
all the users to share the specified
folder.
5. Press the button add to add this
user to the list of users allowed to share.

6. Different permission can be assigned

through Permission level where the
choice Read means allowing reading
the files only and the choice
Read/write means allowing reading,
modification or deletion.
7. Press Share.

Note: Using the permission of Read/Write may cause a problem as it allows others through
the network to change the content shared as well as deleting it totally from your device
which may cause damage or missing the information.

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What is the name of your computer:
1. Show the context menu of the
Computer icon on the desktop.
2. Click Properties.
3. The name of the computer is
displayed in the item Computer
name.
 Try to know your computer name

Accessing other folders on a network:

1. Double Click the computer network icon , all the computers are connected to
the network appears.
2. Search for the required device through its name. By double clicking the computer
icon, you can access the device then all the shared folders appear.

Activity:
1. Create a folder, copy and paste some of the files to that folder.
2. Share the folder to be available for the rest of your colleagues’ devices on the
network.
3. Compare between Read and Read/Write.

Second: Sharing files in Fedora Operating System: (enrichment)

1. Click Activities which appears on the top ribbon of Fedora opening screen.
2. Start by writing the term Sharing
in the search box so the Sharing
icon appears

3. By clicking on the Sharing icon

a window of configuring the
sharing settings is shown.
4. Reset the sharing button on the
top right of the window to the
ON position
5. Reset Personal File Sharing also to the ON position.

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 Remember

Computer network:
It is a connection between two sets or more through wires or wireless to share
resources (sets and data)
The most important benefits of a computer network:
-The exchange of data and programs
-Sharing hardware
-Centralizing Data
Types of computer networks range:
- Local Area Network (LAN)
- Wide Area Network (WAN)
File Sharing:
Sharing files is the process of spreading digitally stored information, such as
documents, electronic books, computer software or multimedia (audio files, video
or photos).

Questions & Exercises

A. Put () in front of the right phrase and (X) in front of the false ones:
1. Linking devices together within a computer network gives the possibility of sharing the
data only. (.....)
2. Using the permission of Read/Write may cause a problem (.....)
3. The Internet is considered a special type of wide area networks (.....)
4. The wide range network uses different methods than that of the local network to maintain
connectivity (.....)
5. To share folders, your device must be connected to the network to help other users to
reach it. (.....)
6. To share files in Windows Operating System, It is not necessary to be added in a folder(..)
7. Specifying the user Everyone to share a folder in Windows Operating System means
allowing all users to access it. (.....)
8. The Computer icon is used to access the shared folders in Windows Operating System.(..)

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9. Sharing files in Fedora Operating System is to be implemented through allowing the
network users to access a folder Document (.....)
B. Complete the sentences using the words between brackets:
(files - size - data - users - name - search - devices)
1. One of the most important benefits of the network is centralizing ........................
2. The local area network is a limited network in ....................
3. Sharing ....... ....................is a process of spreading digitally stored information.
4. Searching for accessing required device on the network is to be through its...............
5. It is possible to other ............................to access the files that you shared through
accessing your folder Public.
6. The term Sharing is written in the ......................dialog box to access the Sharing icon.
C. Write the scientific term:
1. A connection between two sets or more through wires or wireless. (.................................)
2. It is a network inside a building or several near buildings. (.......................................)
3. It is a network to connect devices separated by long distances. (…………………………)
4. The process of spreading stored information among users. (….……..…………….....)
D. Complete the following sentences:
1. Benefits of computer nets are exchanging data and programs, …………………………….
and ………………………………………
2. Types of networks are ……………………. and ………………………….
3. LAN stands for ……………………………………………………..
4. WAN is an abbreviation for ………………………………………………..
5. ………………. is considered a special type of the wide area networks.
E. Rearrange the following steps to know your computer name:
(…..) Click properties.

(…..) The name of the computer is displayed in the item part.

(…..) Show the context menu of the computer icon on the desktop.

25
 Unit 2: Creating and Modifying Images
Lesson 1: Introduction

Image editing programs:

- They are programs of creating and modifying images used to assist in designing, creating
and modifying different images. It enables the user to modify photos or drawings.
- There are many of those programs which are a closed source programs such as Adobe
Photoshop or open source programs such as GIMP
Opening GIMP Program:
- Interface of the GIMP program is available in two forms: Multi-window mode and Single
window mode.
- When opening the GIMP program for the first time it is usually on the multi-window
mode.
- To convert it to Single window mode: click Window then Single window mode.
GIMP Interface consists of :
1. Main Toolbox
2. Tool options Dock
3. Image windows
4. (Layers/Channels/paths/Undo) dock
5. (Brushes/Patterns/Gradients) dock
Notes:
1. You can Use F1 "help" to identify the
contents of the Program Interface
2. In case of closing one of those boxes or
docks, it can be restored through the
Windows menu → Recently Closed
Docks
3. To add, close or move one of the tabs in the box, click on the top right corner to open a
drop-down menu and choose the required one.
Selection Tools:
1. Rectangle selection Tool
2. Ellipse selection Tool
3. Lasso Free selection Tool
4. Fuzzy Selection (Magic Wand) tool: is used to specify similar color schemes areas of the
image.
5. Smart Scissors Selection tool: To use this tool, click on the points by pushing the area
with distinguished color from the rest of the other ones.
Notes: - It's used to select a part or more of the image to deal with.
- Selection tools are shown in Main Toolbox, you can also access it through the
Tools menu
- After selecting you can edit the selected part only of the picture (not the other part)
- To finish selection, From the Select menu Select None or from keyboard, click
(Shift + Ctrl + A)
26
Activity:
- Download GIMP Program

Remember

- The GIMP program is an open and free source program that allows creating
and modifying images.
- When opening GIMP program for first time it is usually on (multi-window
mode).
- To facilitate using the program, It could be in the (Single window mode from
the Windows menu → Single-Window Mode
GIMP Interface consists of :
1. Main Toolbox
2. Tool options Dock
3. Image windows
4. (Layers/Channels/paths/Undo) dock
5. (Brushes/Patterns/Gradients) dock
- You can Use F1 "help" to identify the contents of the Program Interface
- To restore any closed tab: Windows menu → Recently Closed Docks
- Selection tools are used to select a part or more of the image
- Selection tools:
1. Rectangle selection Tool
2. Ellipse selection Tool
3. Lasso Free selection Tool
4. Fuzzy Selection (Magic Wand) tool: is used to specify similar color schemes
areas of the image.
5. Smart Scissors Selection tool

Questions & Exercises

A. Put () in front of the right phrase and (X) in front of the false ones:
1. On opening the GIMP program for the first time the program is shown in multi-window
mode (.......)
2. For more information about one of the tools click F5 from the keyboard. (.......)
3. Use the "Selection" tool to draw the image freely (.......)
4. The "Pencil tool" is considered one of the selection tools (.......)
5. The "Ellipse" selection tool is used to select an oval shape of the image. (......)

27
B. Complete the following:
1. To finish the selection choose ...............................
2. The "Lasso" Free Selection tool is used to select ..........................
3. The "Magic wand" tool or "Fuzzy Selection" is used to select .................................
4. The " smart Scissors " selection tool is used to select ...........................
C. Write the scientific term:
1. Programs of creating and modifying images used to assist in designing, creating and
modifying different images. (…………………………………)
2. Tools which are used to select a part or more of the image. (…………………………)
D. Complete the following sentences:
1. Examples of image editing software are …………………….. and ……………………….
2. Gimp is a/an ……………………. source program.
3. Photoshop is a/an …………………………….. source program.
4. Interface of GIMP program is available in two forms: …………………………………..
and …………………………………………
5. When opening GIMP program for first time it is usually on the ………………………
mode.
6. To covert Gimp interface to Single window mode: click ………………. menu then
Single window mode.
7. To get help about a tool, select the tool and press …………….
8. Examples of selection tools are: ……………………….. / ………………………….. /
…………………………. / ……………………….. and ……………………………
9. You can get selection tools from …………………….. or …………………….. menu.
10.To finish selection, select …………………… from Select menu or press
…………………………………… from keyboard.
11.Rectangle selection tool is used to select a …………………………... shape of the image.
12. ………………… selection tool is used to select an oval shape of the image.
E. Choose the correct answer :
1. To get help about a tool, select the tool and press …………..
a) Ctrl. c. F5
b) F1 d. Ctrl+Shift
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2. You can get selection tools from ………………………
a) tool options. c. tools menu
b) toolbox d. b and c
3. To select an irregular part of the image, use ………………. selection tool.
a) ellipse. c. irregular
b) fuzzy d. lasso free
4. …………………. selection tool is used to specify an area specified with a clear and
strong color.
a) ellipse. c. Smart Scissors
b) fuzzy d. lasso free
F. Put () or (X) in front of each of the following statements:
1. By using selection tools, you can edit the picture inside and outside the selection. (…..)
2. To finish selection, press Shift+Ctrl+A (…..)
3. Ellipse selection tool is used to select an irregular part of the image (…..)
4. Gimp is an open source program (…..)
5. Fuzzy selection tool is used to specify a similar color schemes areas of the image. (…..)

G. Complete the Gimp interface components

according to the following shape:
1. …………………………………
1
2. ………………………………… 4
3. …………………………………
4. …………………………………
5. …………………………………
2

3
5

29
 Lesson 2: Designing and Creating New Images
To create a new image file:
- From the File menu choose New, a dialogue box appears which requests the dimensions
of the new image (length and width), its resolution, color scheme and its filling color

1. Template: Templates are ready made

designs previously prepared of the
dimensions and the resolution of the
image. by clicking on the drop down
list a template appears to select from
instead of selecting manually.
2. Image Size: To identify the
dimensions of the image

3. Advanced Options :by clicking on +

sign The rest of the dialogue box
appears as follows:
4. X resolution and Y resolution: This
is used to determine the image
resolution when printing (and it does
not affect the picture dimension)
5. Color Space: This is used to
determine the Image color system
RGB or grayscale.
6. Fill with: is used to specify the new
image filling color which can be:
Background Color, Foreground
Color, White filling, or Transparency

To save the image:

Click File  Save
It will be saved with xcf extension

30
Activity:
1. Change Background Color to yellow
2. Create a new image of (600 X 800) and fill its background color.
3. Draw an oval shape with green colored borders and fill it with a yellow color.

Remember

- To create a new image file: From the File menu choose New
- In the dialog box of creating a new image:
1. Template: are ready made designs previously prepared of the dimensions and the
resolution of the image
2. Image Size: To identify the dimensions of the image
3. Advanced Options
4. X resolution and Y resolution: used to determine the image resolution when
printing
5. Color Space: used to determine the Image color system RGB or grayscale.
6. Fill with: is used to specify the new image filling color which can be: Background
Color, Foreground Color, White filling, or Transparency
When saving an image, gimp program offers xcf extension

Questions & Exercises

A. Complete the following sentences:

1. To create a new image select ……………. menu then ……………….
2. Color space may be …………………. or ……………………….
3. In New Image dialogue, you can fill the image with ………………….. ,
4. ………………….. , …………………… or ……………………………
5. To save the image select ………………. command from ……………… menu.
6. Gimp program offers the extension …………….. for image files.
B. Choose the correct answer :
1. Gimp program offers the extension ………… for image files.
a) gif c) xcf
b) jpg d) None of the above
2. To create a new image, select New from ………………. menu.
a) Edit c) File
b) Image d) Edit

31
 C. Put () or (X) in front of each of the following statements:
1. Image resolution determines the accuracy of image when printing. (……)
2. Color space is used to specify the new image filling color (……)
3. Templates are ready made designs previously prepared of the dimensions and the
resolution of the image. (……)
4. We use image resolution to identify image length and width. (……)
5. Gimp program offers the extension “gif ” for image files. (……)

D. Complete the Gimp interface components

according to the following shape: 1

1. ……………………………… 2
2. ………………………………
3 5
3. ………………………………
4. ……………………………… 4
5. ………………………………
6. ………………………………

Lesson 3: Paint tools

Paint Tools:
- You can get it from tools menu, then select paint tools.
- Or from main tool box.
Paint Tools are:
1. Pencil tool: You can change the size and the shape of the brush
2. Blend tool: It is used to make color gradation using the front and back colors.
- Choose the shape of the gradient color scheme.
- Select the direction of the gradient color scheme.
3. Smudge tool: It is used to mix the current color with the surrounding colors in the
area of moving the tool.
4. Clone tool: It is used to copy part of the picture in another place (in the same image
layer).

32
Steps of using the Clone tool:
1.Choose the Clone tool.
2.
Stop the cursor at the beginning of the place required to be copied
3.
Press "Ctrl" key
4.
Move to the required place to add the copied version.
5.
Click by pulling to create the copied version.
Note: By stopping to click by pulling then re-clicking by pulling, copying occurs from
the selected starting point.
Note: The Eraser tool is used to delete a color space of an
image.

Activity:
Copy the above picture using clone tool.

Questions & Exercises

A. Write the scientific term:

- Tools which are used for drawing the image. (…………………………….)
B. Complete the following sentences:
You can get Paint tools from ……………….. or ………………… menu.
1.
Pencil tool is used for ………………… hand drawing.
2.
…………………. tool is used to make color gradation using the front and back colors.
3.
……………… tool is used to mix the current color with the surrounding colors in the
4.
area of moving the tool.
5. ………….. tool is used to copy part of the picture in another place.
C. Choose the correct answer :
1. You can get Paint tools from ……………………………..
a. paint dock. c. tools menu
b. toolbox d. b and c
2. …………….. tool is used to make color gradation using the front and back colors.
a. Paint c. Gradation.
b. Smudge d. Blend
3. ………………… tool is used to copy part of the picture in another place.
a. Copy c. Paste.
b. Pencil d. Clone

33
D. Mark () by the correct answer and (X) by the wrong one:
1. Use the Pencil tool to make a free hand selection. (….)
2. The Clone tool used to mix the current color with the surrounding colors in the space
where the tool is moving. (……)
3. One of the selection tools is the Blend tool. (……)
4. The Smudge tool is used to copy part of the image in another place in the same image
layer, it is well known for modifying and reforming images. (……)
5. The Eraser tool is used to delete a color space of a picture or an image. (……)

E. Rearrange the following steps of using the Clone tool:

(…..) Stop the cursor at the beginning of the place required to be copied
(…..) Look at the picture to know the part required to be copied.
(…..) Move to the required place to add the copied version.
(…..) Do not stop pressing and pulling till you complete the copying.
(…..) Choose the Clone tool.
(…..) Press the "CTRL" key on the keyboard
(…..) Click by pulling to create the copied version.

Lesson 4: Transforming and Resizing Tools

Transforming Tools:
- They are used to change the image format either by transforming, resizing, changing the
image dimensions.
- To open it: go to Tools menu.

Transforming Tools are:

1. Move tool: is used for moving the image or the layers of an image.
- To move only the selected area, continue pressing Alt + Ctrl while moving.
2. Crop tool: is used to cut a part of the image
- Select Crop
- Drag and drop the image to select the needed part.
- Press Enter from the keyboard.
3. Rotate tool: used to rotate an image
- Open an image file.
- Select Rotate, dialog box of rotate angle appears

34
- Drag and drop to rotate the image.
- Press Enter or click Rotate
4. Flip Tool: is used to flip horizontally or vertically an image.
- Open an image file.
- Select Flip tool, then from Tool Options, select an option (Horizontal or Vertical)
- Click on the image.
5. Scale Tool: is used to change the dimensions of an image
- Open an image file.
- Select Scale Tool.
- Press on an image to show the scale dialog box.
- Change the width and height or Drag and pull the image to change the dimensions
- Press Enter or click Scale.
- You can use Crop tool after changing the dimensions.
Activity: - open an image
- Use move, crop, rotate, flip, scale tools

Questions & Exercises

A. Write the scientific term:

- Tools which are used to change the image format either by resizing or changing the image
dimensions. (…………………………………….)
B. Complete the following sentences:
1. You can get Transforming tools from …………………… or ……………….. menu.
2. Move tool is used for ……………. the image.
3. To move the selection, press ………….. + ………… while moving.
4. ……………. tool is used to cut a part of the image.
5. …………... tool is used to rotate an image.
6. ………………….. and …………………. are two options to flip an image.
7. ………………… tool is used to change the dimensions of an image.
35
 C. Choose the correct answer :
1. You can get Transforming tools from ………………………
a. tool options. c. transform menu
b. toolbox d. none of the above
2. ……………….. tool is used to cut a part of the image.
a. Cut c. Paste.
b. Copy d. Crop
3. ………….. tool is used to change the dimensions of an image.
a. Resize c. Scale.
b. Size d. Dimensions

D. Put () or (X) in front of each of the following statements:

1. Transform Tools are used to change the form of an image through move, resize or
change dimensions. (……)
2. Move Tool is used to move an image or image layers or selection or text. (…..)
3. To move, press Alt + CTRL and continue pressing using the Move tool. (…..)
4. Rotate tool is used to crop an image. (…...)
5. Crop tool is used to rotate an image. (……)
6. Scale tool is used to make horizontal or vertical flip of an image. (……)
7. Flip tool is used to make changes in an image dimensions. (……)
E. Rearrange the following steps to use Scale tool:
(……) Open an image file.
(……) Drag and pull at one corner to change the dimensions or from the dialog box.
(……) Press on the image to show the dialog box to decide the image dimensions.
(……) Press Enter from the keyboard after finishing the dimensions.
(……) Select the Scale Tool.

36
 Lesson 5: Image layers
Image layers:
You can think of the image layers as slices are placed on top of each.
Dealing with the layers:
You can get to the "Layers" tab through:
- The main interface of the program Or
- Through Windows menu → Dockable Dialogs → Layers

" Layers" tab:

1. Layer visibility: to make the layer visible or non visible.
2. Layer thumbnail: is a mini format of the layer and the layer name appears next to it (and
can be changed by clicking on it)
3. New layer: to add a new layer
4. Raise layer: to move the layer to the highest level.
5. Lower layer: to move the layer to a lower level.
6. Duplicate layer: to copy the current layer.
7. Delete layer: to delete the current layer.
To deal with layers:
1. Open an image (flowers)
2. Select the white area using Fuzzy tool
3. Delete the white area (to activate that Layer  Transparency  Add Alpha Channel)
4. Add a new Layer named Shadow with white background
5. Invert selection (to select the flowers)
6. Fill them with gray color
7. Rearrange the layers so that the layer "Shadow" is the bottom layer
8. To end the selection, from the Select menu, choose none
9. Move the upper layer of the flowers using the Move tool to show the shadow.
Text Tool:
- When using the text tool, is automatically inserted a new layer, the new layer name will
be words from the beginning of the written text.
- You can move the text
Export the image as a file with a suitable extension:
1. Ensure that all layers are Visible.
2. Merge all layers into a single layer (choose Flatten Image of the Image menu).
3. From File menu choose Export, select the appropriate extension of the file and its name.
Activity:
- Open an image - Add a shadow
- Add a text - Export the file
37
 Questions & Exercises

A. Write the scientific term:

- You can think of it as slices are placed on top of each. (…………………………)
B. Choose the correct answer :
1. To add a copy of a layer, select …………………. from Layers tab.
a. Copy. c. Duplicate
b. New copy d. All of the above
2. To show Layers tab, click on Windows menu then ………………… then Layers.
a. Layers Tab c. Tab.
b. Dockable Dialogs d. Docks
3. To delete a layer click ……………….. from Layers tab.
a. Delete layer c. Recycle Bin.
b. Cut layer d. All of the above

C. Put () or (X) in front of each of the following statements:

1. When using the text tool a new layer is automatically inserted. (……)
2. For text tool, new layer name will be words from the beginning of the written text.
(……)
3. To add a new layer, click New Layer from Tools menu. (……)
4. To move layers up and down, use Raise layer and Lower layer. (……)

D. Rearrange the following steps to export an image file:

(…..) From the File menu choose Export, select the appropriate extension of the file and the
file name.
(…...) Choose Flatten Image from the Image menu, to merge all layers into a single layer.
(……) Ensure that all layers are Visible.

E. Complete the components of Layers tab:

1. ……………………..
2. ……………………..
3. …………………….. 1 2
4. ……………………..
5. ……………………..
6. ……………………..
7. ……………………..

38
3 4 6 7

5
 Lesson 6: Using Filters
Filters are used to help change the appearance of an image.
To use filters, open Filters menu.

Filters are:
1. Blur: It is used to wipe out or darkening the image.
2. Emboss: Filters menu  Distorts  Emboss.
3. Page Curl: Filters menu  Distorts  Pagecurl.
- When we apply Page Curl, a new layer is added “Curl layer”.
4. Supernova: Filters menu  Light and Shadow  Supernova.
5. Film: Filters menu  Combine  Filmstrip.
6. Weave: Filters menu  Artistic  Weave.
- Old Photo: Filters menu  Decor  Old Photo.
- When selecting “Work on copy” option, the filter is applied to a copy of the image file.
7. Map Object: Filters menu  Map  Map Object.
- From Map to, you can change the shape.
- From Orientation tab, you can rotate the shape.
Activity: Use all filters.

Questions & Exercises

A. Write the scientific term:

- Methods that are used to change the appearance of an image. (……………………….)

B. Choose the correct answer :

1. ……………… filter is used to wipe out or darkening the image.
a. Blur. c. Emboss
b. Darken d. Wipe

C. Put () or (X) in front of each of the following statements:

1. To deal with filters open Tools menu. (…….)
2. A filter is used to help change the appearance of an image. (…….)
3. To use filter, from the “Filters” menu, select the suitable filter. (…….)
4. When we use Filters, a new layer is added or a new file is created. (…….)
39
 Lesson 7: Image Types
Image types:
1. Raster Images.
2. Vector Images.
Raster Images:
- It consists of contiguous points (Pixels)
- It contains rows and columns of Pixels
- The higher the number of the Pixels, the greater image clarity is
- It has a large storage area
- The quality and clarity of the picture change when zooming in or out.
Vector Images:
- It is characterized by no change in image quality and clarity when enlarged or minimized
- It has a small storage area.

Image Mode:
- There are three modes of coloring the image:
1. RGB mode.
2. Grayscale mode.
3. Indexed mode.
- You can change the status or condition of the color image through the Mode command in
the Image menu.
1. RGB mode:
- RGB mode consists of the primary colors (red, green and Blue),
- These three colors are mixed and united to give each primary color of these colors 256
color degree.
- RGB color mode fits very much in the case of displaying images and graphics through the
computer screen.
2. Grayscale mode:
- Grayscale mode reaches up to 256 degrees of gray ranging from black to white.
- When converting an image to grayscale mode, it should be noted that the image will lose
its Colorimetric data of RGB mode so that the RGB mode for the image cannot be
restored again.
3. Indexed mode:
- You can convert the image to Indexed mode by using a command Indexed from Image
list.
Exporting image file:
- GIMP program gives extension to the image file .XCF

40
- It should be noted that this extension is not suitable for reading through a variety of
images programs.
- In order for other programs to be able to read the image file, the image must be exported
to another suitable extension such as (JPEG .GIF . PNG ...)
- Export command from the File menu

Activity:
- Open an image file.
- Change the color mode of the image from RGB to Grayscale
- Reopen the original image file RGB again so that two files appear on the top of the
window.
- Copy the Grayscale image file by selecting all from the Select menu.
- Go to RGB color image file by click its tab on the top of the image window.
- Paste the image Grayscale in the colored image file RGB through: Edit menu Paste as
New Layer
- Grayscale image appears after the paste in a new layer on top layer of RGB color image.
- Use one of the selection tools such as Fuzzy Tool to determine part of the gray image.
- To delete the part that was selected, click on the Edit menu and choose Cut.
- After deleting the selected part, part of the content of the RGB colored bottom layer
appears.
- To remove the selection, choose None from the Select menu.

Questions & Exercises

A. Write the scientific term:

1. A type of images that has a large storage size, and the quality and clarity of images
change when zooming in or out. (……………………………….)
2. A type of images that has a small storage size, and the quality and clarity of images
doesn't change when zooming in or out. (……………………………….)
B. Complete the following sentences:
1. Image types are …………………… images and …………………. images.
2. There are three color modes of images: ………………….. , …………………….. and
……………………
C. Put () or (X) in front of each of the following statements:
1. In the Vector Image, the quality and clarity of the picture change when zooming in or
out. (……)
2. Raster Image is characterized by a change in image quality and clarity when enlarged
or minimized. (……)
41
3. There is only one color mode of the image (……)
4. RGB mode fits very much in the case of display images and graphics through the
computer screen (……)
5. RGB mode consists of the primary colors (red, green and black) (……)
6. You can convert the image to the color grayscale using the Grayscale command.
(……)
7. You can convert the image from RGB mode to Grayscale mode where the image loses
its Colorimetric data (…..)

42