Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Test 2
SECTION 1
Time— 30 minutes
38 Questions
Directions: Each sentence below has one or two 4. Speakers and listeners are often at odds:
blanks, each blank indicating that something has language that is easy for the receiver to
been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five understand is often difficult to -------, and
lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word that which is easily formulated can be hard
or set of words for each blank that best fits the to -------.
meaning of the sentence as a whole.
(A) estimate. .confirm
(B) transmit. .defend
(C) produce. .comprehend
1. According to the newspaper critic, the
(D) suppress. .ignore
performances at the talent contest last night
(E) remember. .forget
------- from acceptable to excellent.
(A) varied 5. The current demand for quality in the schools
(B) receded seems to ask not for the development of
(C) swept information and active citizens, but for
(D) averaged disciplined and productive workers with
(E) declined abilities that contribute to civic life only -------,
if at all.
2. For more than a century, geologists have felt
(A) indirectly
comfortable with the idea that geological
(B) politically
processes, although very -------, are also
(C) intellectually
------- and so are capable of shaping the Earth,
(D) sensibly
given enough time.
(E) sequentially
(A) minute. .sporadic
(B) slow. .steady 6. Because of its lack of theaters, the city came,
(C) complex. .discernible ironically, to be viewed as an ------- theater
(D) unpredictable. .constant town, and that reputation led entrepreneurs to
(E) ponderous. .intermittent believe that it would be ------- to build new
theaters there.
3. While not ------- with the colorfully obvious
(A) unprofitable. .risky
forms of life that are found in a tropical rain
(B) untapped. .pointless
forest, the desert is ------- to a surprisingly large
(C) unappreciated. .difficult
number of species.
(D) unlikely. .appropriate
(A) brimming. .foreign (E) unimpressed. .shrewd
(B) endowed. .detrimental
(C) imbued. .hostile 7. He felt it would be -------, in view of the
(D) teeming. .host intense ------- that would likely follow, to
(E) confronted. .home make the sacrifice required in order to gain
such little advantage.
(A) charitable. .growth
(B) welcomed. .prejudice
(C) futile. .encouragement
(D) academic. .acclaim
(E) unrealistic. .turmoil
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage,
choose
the best answer to each questions. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or
implied
19. It can be inferred from the passage that the author
Many philosophers disagree over the definition would be most likely to agree with which of the
of morality, but most disputants fall into one of following statements regarding sociocentrics and
two categories: egocentrics, who define morality egocentrics?
Line as the pursuit of selt-fuifillment, and socio-
(5) centrics, who define morality as an individual's (A) The position of the sociocentrics is stronger
obligations to society. Where does the truth lie? than
Fortunately, the stem of the word "morality" that of the egocentrics
provides some clues. The word "mores" originally (B) The positions of the egocentrics and socio
referred to the customs of preliterate cultures. centrics are of equal merit
(10) Mores, which embodied each culture's ideal (C) There is no merit in the position of the ego
principles for governing every citizen, were centrics
developed in the belief that the foundation of a (D) Neither position contributes very much to
community lies in the cultivation of individual an understanding of the definition of
powers to be placed in service to the community. morality
(15) These mores were concerned with such skills as (E) The dispute between the egocentrics and
food-gathering and warfare as well as an indivi- sociocentrics is based on trivial issues
dual's relationships with others. Thus, I submit
"morality" must be concerned with what is honor-
ed by the community at large. However, self- 20. With which of the following statements regarding
(20) fulfillment is important to morality because the relationship between the individual and
unfulfilled citizens, no matter how virtuous, morality would the author be most likely to agree?
cannot perform the duties morality assigns them.
(A) Failure in social obligations is the price of
success in individual endeavors
17. The primary purpose of this passage is to
(B) The unfulfilled citizen cannot fulfill his moral
obligations to the community.
(A) summarize an argument
(C) Morality is unconcerned with conflicts among
(B) resolve a dispute
citizens.
(C) trace a word's origin
(D) The unfulfilled citizen is without virtue.
(D) prove a hypothesis
(E) Wealth harms a citizen's moral standing in
(E) initiate a debate
the community.
(This passage was written in 1975) appear to be any technical problem with the procedure.
Rather, most of the patients were already so severely
The complications frequently accompanying(50) debilitated by the complications of diabetes that they
diabetes, could not withstand the surgery and the
such as impairment of vision and of kidney function,immunosuppre-
are ssive regimen required to prevent rejection. More than
now thought to result from the lack of continuous half of the patients, furthermore, also required a kidney
Line control of blood glucose concentrations. The healthy transplant. Most investigators now agree that the
(5) pancreas, in response to increases in blood glucose (55) simultaneous transplantation of both organs is too great
concentration, releases small quantities of insulin a shock to the patient and greatly increases the total
throughout the day and thereby maintains the concen- risk.
tration within physiological limits (normoglycemia).
But the diabetic generally receives only one large dose
(10) daily. The diabetic's blood glucose concentration can 21. Which of the following best states one of the
thus fluctuate greatly during the interval between doses, main conclusions of the passage?
and it has been suggested that the complications result
from the periods of high concentrations of blood (A) Although the techniques for pancreas
glucose (hyperglycemia). Many investigators thus transplants appear to be theoretically
(15) believe that restoration of normoglycemia might halt thecorrect,
progression of such complications and perhaps even there are problems that must be solved
reverse them. before
There are three primary techniques that have been the operation can be used as a treatment for
investigated for restoration of normoglycemia. They diabetes.
(20) are: transplantation of whole, healthy pancreases: (B) Although the techniques for pancreas
transplantation of islets of Langerhans, that portion of transplants are still being developed, the
the pancreas that actually secretes insulin; and experimental results show that the operation
implanta- will be a successful treatment for diabetes in
tion of artificial pancreases. There has, in fact, been a the near future.
great deal of success in the development of these (C) Although pancreas transplants are reliable,
(25) techniques and each seems on the whole promising. many diabetics are reluctant to undergo the
Nonetheless, it will undoubtedly be many years before operation because of the side effects
any one of them is accepted as treatment for diabetes. of immunosuppressive drugs.
To many people. the obvious approach would seem (D) Although pancreas transplants alone are not
to be simply to transplant pancreases from cadavers in generally successful, the operation can be
(30) the same manner that kidneys and other organs are used in conjunction with other procedures
routinely transplanted. That was the rationale in 1966 to treat diabetes.
when the first recorded pancreas transplant was (E) Although pancreas transplants have not been
performed. Between 1966 and HAS, there were forty successful in treating diabetes, research
six pancreas transplants in forty-five other patients in indicates that other procedures may soon be
(35) the United States and five other countries. But only one developed.
of these patients is still alive with a functioning graft
and surgeons have found that the procedure is not as
simple as they once thought. 22. According to the passage, widely spaced doses of
The surviving patient has required no insulin since insulin can cause
(40) the operation. Another patient survived 638 days
without requiring insulin. And one patient survived a (A) reversal of normal kidney function
transplantation for more than a year, but died when he (B) delay in the onset of diabetes
chose not to take the immunosuppressive drugs. These (C) radical changes in the concentration of
results, though meager, suggest that the procedure has blood glucose
the (D) restoration of normoglycemia
(45) potential for success. (E) marked variations in the islets of Lingerhans
The rest of the patients, however, either rejected
the
transplant or died within a short period. There does not 23. According to the passage, a periodic high
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
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ONLY
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.