Alkali Metals: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium

(Fr). Alkali metals are found in nature as salts and not as free elements

Alkaline Earth Metals: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium
(Ba), and radium (Ra). They burn with various colored flames

Boron group: aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl).
None of these elements was known in a pure state before modern chemistry isolated them

Carbon family: carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl).
the carbon family elements are stable and tend to be fairly unreactive

Nitrogen Group: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and
moscovium (Mc).
As you move down the nitrogen family: atomic radius increases, ionic radius increases,
Ionization energy decreases, and electronegativity decreases

Oxygen Group: Oxygen (O), sulfur (S), and selenium (Se), the metalloid tellurium (Te), and the
metal polonium (Po).
Can be found in nature in both free and combined states

Halogens: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
Fluorine is considered one of the most reactive elements in existence.

Noble Gases: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn).
Because of their full outer shells, they are very inert and stable.

Transition Metal: yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc),
ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), and cadmium (Cd.
The transition elements are unique in that they can have an incomplete inner subshell allowing
valence electrons in a shell other than the outer shell

Lanthanides: Promethium (Pm) Samarium (Sm) Europium (Eu) Gadolinium (Gd) Terbium (Tb)
Dysprosium (Dy) Holmium (Ho) Erbium (Er) Thulium (Tm) Ytterbium (Yb) Lutetium (Lu).
Lanthanides are used in products such as hybrid cars, superconductors, and permanent
magnets.

Actinides Family: thorium (Th), protactinium (Pa), uranium (U), neptunium (Np), plutonium (Pu),
americium (Am), curium (Cm), berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), fermium (Fm),
mendelevium (Md), nobelium (No), and lawrencium (Lr).
The actinides group includes mostly man-made elements with only a few exceptions such as
uranium and thorium