Determinant of a Square Matrix

Determinant of a Square Matrix
Using Naïve Gauss Elimination
E
Example
l
Theorem of Determinants
Theorem of Determinants  
If a multiple of one row of [A]nxn is added or 
subtracted to another row of [A]nxn to result in [B]nxn
then det(A)=det(B)
Theorem of Determinants
Theorem of Determinants  
The determinant of an upper triangular matrix [A]nxn 
n n is given by 

det A   a11  a 22  ...  a ii  ...  a nn

n
 a
i 1
ii
Forward Elimination of a 
S
Square Matrix
M ti
Using forward elimination to transform [A]nxn to an upper 
triangular matrix, [U]nxn.

A n  n  U  n  n

det  A   det U 
Example

Using naïve Gaussian elimination find the

d t
determinant
i t off th
the ffollowing
ll i square
matrix.
 25 5 1
 64 8 1

144 12 1
Forward Elimination
Forward
Forward Elimination: Step 1
 25 5 1
Elimination: Step 1
 64 8 1 Divide Equation 1 by 25 and
  64
multiply it by 64,  2.56 .
144 12 1 25
25 5 1 2.56  64 12.8 2.56
. 64 8 1
Subtract the result from  64 12.8 2.56
Equation 2
0  4.8  1.56
 25 5 1 
Substitute new equation for  0  4.8  1.56
Equation 2  
144 12 1 
  25F
Forward Elimination: Step 1 (cont.)
5 d Eli
1 
i i S 1 ( )
 0  4.8  1.56 Divide Equation 1 by 25 and
  multiply it by 144,
144
 5.76 .
144 12 1  25
25 5 1 5.76  144 28.8 5.76
144 12 1
 144 28.8 5.76
.
Subtract the result from
Equation 3
0  16.8  4.76

25 5 1 
Substitute new equation for  0  4.8  1.56 
Equation 3  
 0  16.8  4.76
Forward Elimination:
Forward Elimination: Step 2
Step 2
Divide Equation 2 by −4.8
25 5 1 
 0  4.8  1.56  and multiply it by −16.8,
16.8,
   16.8
 3 .5 .
 0  16.8  4.76  4 .8
0  4.8  1.56  3.5  0  16.8  5.46
.
0  16.8  4.76
Subtract
S bt act the result
es lt ffrom
om
Equation 3  0  16.8  5.46
0 0 0.7

Substitute new equation for

25 5 1 
 0  4.8  1.56
E
Equation
ti 3  
 0 0 0.7 
Finding the Determinant
Finding the Determinant
After forward elimination

 25 5 1 25 5 1 
 64 8 1   0  4.8  1.56
   
144 12 1  0 0 0.7 
.

det A   u11  u 22  u 33
 25   4 . 8  0 . 7
  84 . 00