Anti-Piracy

Awareness
Seminar
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STCI/TF-CM/APA-01 Rev. No. 00 Approved: RTD
 POEA Advisory

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Jan 2010
 Scope
The scope of the seminar is to provide :
❖ General information regarding Piracy

❖ Guidance and Best industry practices for vessels passing through

Gulf of Aden (GOA), Off the Coast of Somalia and other known
pirate-infested areas

❖ Seminar on how to avoid, react and cope with or surviving

piracy/hostage situations and other related incidents

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 Seminar Objective
At the end of seminar you will gain:

❖ Adequate knowledge , guidance and skills on the

Best Management Practices in avoiding piracy attacks,
deterring attacks, delaying successful attacks and
handling situation with pirates on board, particularly
when transiting the GOA , off coast of Somalia and
other pirate-infested areas

❖Techniques how to survive piracy and hostage

situation
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 Security Threats..

Pirates At Sea

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Jan 2010
 Introduction - What is Piracy ?

– PIRACY by International Maritime Bureau

(IMB) is defined as:
– “the act of boarding any vessel with an intent
to commit theft or any other crime”

Piracy is a term to describe act of armed robbery, hijacking and

other malicious acts against ship in international waters

Piracy is carried out with the intent of stealing valuables on board

and /or extorting money from ship owners and /or third party
interests by holding the ship and crew hostage for ransom
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Where ? Pirate-Prone areas
East and West Africa

Gulf of Aden Somalia Ghana Nigeria Tanzania

South East Asia and Indian Sub Continent

Bangladesh Indonesia Malacca Strait Malaysia the Philippines

South and Central America and Caribbean waters

Brazil Ecuador Colombia

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 Piracy Attack Areas

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 Piracy Attack Areas

Piracy Map 2010

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 Somalia / GoA

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Piracy Threat Level Forecast
(U) Attempted Boarding - Close approach or hull-to-hull contact with report that boarding paraphernalia were
employed or visible in the approaching boat.

(U) Boarding – Unauthorized boarding of a vessel by persons not part of its complement without successfully
taking control of the vessel.

(U) Firing Upon - Weapons discharged at or toward a vessel.

(U) Hijacking - Unauthorized seizure and retention of a vessel by persons not part of its complement.

(U) Kidnapping - Unauthorized forcible removal of persons belonging to the vessel from it.

(U) Robbery - Theft from a vessel or from persons aboard the vessel.
(U) Suspicious Approach - All other unexplained close proximity of an unknown vessel.

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Piracy off the Horn of Africa in 2010

•
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Total number of incidents = 273
• Total number of hijacks = 79
• Total number of hijacks-for-ransom = 41
40

• Total number of victims = 1,000+

• Ransom demands = US$7-20m
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• Ransom settlements = US$1.8-9.5m

• Average ransom demand = US$13m 20

• Average ransom settlement = US$4.1m

• Total ransom payments = US$90m+ 10

• Average duration of captivity = 154

days 0

Nov
Jan

Jun
Jul
Mar
Apr
Feb

Aug
Sep
Oct
May

Dec
GOA Indian Ocean
Overview: 2010

• Types of cargo on board hijacked vessels: benzene, castor oil, cement, chemicals,
coal, fertiliser, fruit, iron ore, livestock, maize, mechanical equipment, mineral ore, nickel
ore, oil, petroleum, scrap, vegetable oil.

• Vessel owners from: Bangladesh, Bulgaria, China, Comoros, Egypt, Germany, Greece,
India, Iran, Japan, Liberia, Libya, Malaysia, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore,
South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, UK
and Yemen.

• Hijacked ships registered in: France, the Bahamas, Belgium, Italy, Malta, Panama, the
Seychelles, Marshall Islands, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and Grenadines, Togo

• Nationalities of victims: Bangladeshi, British, Bulgarian, Burmese, Cambodian, Cape

Verdean, Croatian, Chinese, Egyptian, Filipino, Georgian, German, Greek, Indian,
Indonesian, Iranian, Kenyan, Malagasy, Namibian, Pakistani, Romanian, Russian,
Senegalese, South African, Sri Lankan, Syrian, Tanzanian, Tunisian, Yemeni and Ukrainian.
Horn of Africa: attacks by month, 2008-2010
Hijacked vessels by type, 2010*

* Not including dhows and fishing vessels

Horn of Africa: published ransom settlements

* Conflicting reports
Average ransom demands and
settlements by year, 2006-2010
US$13m

Demand
sSettleme
US$4.1m nts
Average durations of captivity
(days), 2008-2010*

* Vessels released in that year, does not include dhows and fishing vessels
 Vulnerable Ship
• Low Freeboard and Slow speed

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 Vulnerable Ship
• Inadequate Planning and Procedures

CSO–SSO ?
Master ?
Crew ??

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Jan 2010
 Vulnerable Ship
• Visibly low state of alertness and/or lack of evident self-
protective measures
• Where a slow response by the ship is evident

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 Pirates’ Tactics and style
Commonly two or more small high speed (up to 25
knots) open boats/”skiffs” in attacks often approaching
either quarter or stern

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 Pirates’ Tactics and style
• Use of a “mother ship” carrying personnel, equipment,
supplies and smaller assault craft, has enabled attacks to
be successfully undertaken at a greater range from
shore

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 Pirates’ Tactics and style
• Majority of attacks have taken place between
first light and last light (between sunset and
sunrise)
• Sea condition also analysed by them

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 Pirates Equipment

❖Armed with powerful Automatic rifles and

Rocket-Propelled Grenade (RPG)
❖Sophisticated Communication
(GPS, AIS, Satellite phones)

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 Our Responsibilities

All members of the ships crew are responsible to the

Master and/or SSO for:
✓ Ensuring they remain vigilant at all times and report
any security infractions
✓ Carrying out security duties designated to them by
the Master and or SSO.
✓ Understanding the applicable contents of the SSP
( Ship Security Plan) and Best Management Practices
to avoid, deter or delay piracy attacks

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 Prior to Transit-General Planning
• a. General
UKMTO-Dubai is the first point of contact for ships in the region

Masters and UKMTO interface and coordination among MSCHOA - EU

NAVFOR - MARLO - CMF

Carry out own Risk Assessment to assess likelihood and consequences

Adopt company crisis management procedures

Advanced Notice of the passage plan

Whilst measures should be taken to prevent pirates boarding, the safety of

crew and passenger is paramount

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 Prior to Transit – General Planning
• b. Company Planning

Company or ships ensure VMR submitted 4-5 days prior to entering

IRTC ( International Recommended Transit Corridor)

Company may consider to use additional resources ...private security

guards, watch keeping numbers

CSO , SSO and Master review SSA and implement approved SSP as
per ISPS Code

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 Prior to Transit- General Planning

• c. Ship’s Master Planning

Communicate “Initial Report” when entering reporting area

Ships or company ensure VMR submitted 4-5 days prior to entering

IRTC ( International Recommended Transit Corridor) with MSCHOA.

Master briefed thoroughly ALL crew related to transiting

Master prepared emergency communication plan , AIS usage and

contact numbers...

Full implementation of SSP (Contingency Plan)

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 Ship Security Plan (SSP)
The SSP consists of measures to:
• Prevent unauthorised items and persons coming
on board
• Identify and monitor restricted areas on board
• Control cargo and stores
The SSP also gives procedures like:
• Responding to security threats (piracy)
• Duties for personnel
• Drills and Training
• Use of the Ship Security Alert System

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 Prior to Transit- Defensive Measures
Follow procedures laid down on your SSP

• Prepare and agreed contingency plan

• Hold drills before entering infested area
• Sufficient watch keepers and increase look outs 24 hours
• Manned the Engine Room (ER)
• Seal off means of access to the accommodation
(due regard must be had to the need of escape in emergency)
• Establish VHF contact. Consider minimising external communication
(Locate a handheld out with the bridge, master’s cabin, radio room
as these are the areas most likely to be attacked first)
• Agree emergency signals with crew and if possible other ships and
shore authorities
• In case of emergency,warships can be contacted on VHF Ch.16
and/or Ch. 8
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 Prior to Transit- Defensive Measures
Continuation....
• Provide good lighting on deck and over side.
However, care is to be taken to ensure that safe navigation is not
compromised by excessive lighting
• Establish a secure location. If large numbers of armed pirates board
the ship it may be necessary to retreat to a secure location within the
accommodation
• Provide and rig water hoses and prepare pumps for operation at all
times
• Consider use of dummies at the rails

• Reinforcing accessible portholes with gratings

• Use razor or barb wire around the ship’s sides around stern and
lowest points of access
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 Preparation

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 Preparation

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 Ready To Go

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 In Transit- Operations

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 In Transit- Operations

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 In Transit- Operations

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 In Transit- Operations

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 In Transit- Operations

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 In Transit- Operations

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 In Transit- Operations

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 In Transit- Operations

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 In Transit- Operations

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 If Attacked by Pirates

Follow the ships pre-agreed contingency plan

such as:
❖Activate alarm

❖Distress call via the DSC (Digital Selective Calling)

❖Execute ship manoeuver and speed, where

possible

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 If Boarded by Pirates

❖Bridge should remain manned

❖Offer no resistance

❖Remain calm and cooperate fully with the pirates

❖Do not put your own or others’ lives at risks

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 In Event of Military Action

❖ All personnel should keep low to deck , cover their heads

with hands

❖ Be prepared to answer questions on identity and status

on board, as military personnel may take sometime to
differentiate ship’s crew from pirates

❖ Be aware that English is not the working language of all

naval units in the region

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 After the Attack
After securing the safety of ship and crew

❖Make post incident reports to:

❖ UKMTO Dubai-UK Maritime Trade Operations
❖ MSCHOA-Maritime Security Center-Horn Of Africa
❖ IMB- International Maritime Bureau
❖ Owners /Operators

❖ Conduct debriefing of entire crew after the

incident, gathering information while still fresh

❖ What went wrong – lessons learned?

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 Summary
The piracy situation is dynamic – the pirates learn
fast and change their tactics

We may transit or not to pirate infested areas , but

we should always:

❖ Better prepare
❖Stay more focused
❖Remain alert or vigilant at all times

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 Finally
• By following simple procedures, you will make
your vessel a less desirable target.

• Contact your Ship Security Officer or Master if you

have any questions regarding your duties.

• Remember :
SECURITY IS EVERYONE’S
RESPONSIBILITY!
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