John Kyle P.

Abbago

BSA 2-1

1. Ethical issues are another major issue factors that the product and service designer must take into
consideration. The designers are in more pressure to decrease the production process cost and
efficiency increment.  The legal considerations such as product liability assign the responsibility of
manufacturer to give the compensation for the damages or injuries occurred or caused by the faulty
products and services.

2. Ideation is where concepts and ideas were formed.

Research – asking or doing some surveys are one the ways to make a research. Conducting a research
helps out the business to make a new product design.

 Planning is with a hand-drawn sketch of what your product will look like. The sketch should be as
detailed as possible, with labels explaining the various features and functions.

Prototyping phase during product development is to create a finished product to use as a sample for
mass production.

Sourcing phase is where materials are being gathered and securing partners needed for the production.

Costing is the process of taking all of the information gathered thus far and adding up what your cost of
goods sold will be, so you can determine a retail price and gross margin.

3. Reduce the total number of parts. The reduction of the number of parts in a product is probably the
best opportunity for reducing manufacturing costs.

Develop a modular design. The use of modules in product design simplifies manufacturing activities such
as inspection, testing, assembly, purchasing, redesign, maintenance, service, and so on.

Minimize handling. Handling consists of positioning, orienting, and fixing a part or component.

4. Renault uses circular economy principles to reduce the use of raw materials, since it provides an
economic model that reconciles prosperity and the preservation of finite natural resources.

5. A process and set of tools used to effectively define customer requirements and convert them into
detailed engineering specifications and plans to produce the products that fulfill those requirements. 

6. Forecasting it is to determine the accuracy and power required of the techniques. The information
they provide allows companies to determine the long-term effect of changes, develop responses to
these changes, predict economic fluctuations and navigate competitive pricing.