1. Examine the following set of Maori data in phonetic transcription.

Active Passive
1. awhi awhitia ‘embrace’
2. hopu hopukia ‘catch’
3. patu patua ‘strike’
4. aru arumia ‘follow’
5. tohu tohuia ‘point out’
6. mao maoria ‘carry’
7. wero werohia ‘stab’
8. kite kitea ‘see’

(1) List the underlying forms of all verbs in the data.

(2) State, formally or informally, the rule or rules required to derive the Maori verbs provided in the data.
(3) Comment on the following passage taken from Teach Yourself Māori:
'The passive terminations are:
-a, -ia, -hia, -kia, -mia, -ngia, -ria, -whia, -na, -ina, -rina, -whina
….
There is no set rule to indicate which endings are used to change the form of any given verb, but they will
become familiar through usage. Always keep in mind that in this case, as in others, Māori pay much attention to
euphony, and will therefore employ the most melodious-sounding word rather than follow a particular rule.'

(1)
1. awhit
2. hopuk
3. patu
4. arum
5. tohu
6. maor
7. weroh
8. kite

(2)
1. To form active verbs
→ Delete the last consonant letter of the underlying form.
2. To form passive verbs
→ If the last letter of the underlying form is a consonant, add “ia” at the end of the word.
→ If the last letter of the underlying form is a vowel, add “a” at the end of the word.
3. Verbs are sometimes passivized by the addition of -/ia/ and -/aNa/, more often by the reduced forms -/a/
and -/Na/.

(3)
 My prediction of the rules is not the same as the statement in this passage. I think that maybe there
was no set rule to change the form of verbs at first; it depended on the euphony. However, we can induce
the rules to form passive and active verbs from Maori data. The passive form is follows by the sounding
word but not because of it has a set of rule that makes them seem alike.