Answer the following questions briefly:

1. What is personality?
 Personality involves the expression of man’s relations and interrelation with other
persons, what he says and thinks in different situations as well as how well other
people react to his behavior.
2. Why is it important to understand the personality of an individual?
 To avoid misunderstanding and conflict. In order to communicate and understand
each other’s background, traits and opinions.
3. Is it important to know how and why people behave? Why?
 Yes, to have a good impression to other people and get along with them.
4. In Horney’s theory of personality, why do we need to move toward others? To move against
people? to move away from people?
 Moving toward people, People need to move toward others to satisfy their need for
love, affection and approval. A person looks for a lifetime partner. He/She immerses
or puts aside his/her own interests and makes no demands.ŝäm MMX 66. Moving
against people, People move against people because of the need to be recognized,
respected, admired; because of the need for financial security and dominance over
others. A worker works hard for the achievement of these needs. Moving away from
people, An employee wants to be independent and self-sufficient. He does not want
to be tied down, hence, he moves away from people. He wants to be superior to
others and struggles for perfection.
5. In Fromm’s Isolation Theory, how does man satisfy his needs to have self-identity?
 Relatedness, Since man lost his connection with nature, he has/had to establish good
human relationship with others based on love and affection. Transcendence, Man has
to elevate himself above his animal nature so that he would become cooperative and
productive. Rootedness, Man satisfies his craving for others, for belongingness to a
group through brotherly love and affection. Identity, Man needs to have his own self-
identity. He wants to be different and unique from others. This need is satisfied
through his own ingenuity and creativity. Frame of orientation, Man needs a stable
and secure surrounding or a place where he could understand its events.
6. According to Maslow, what will happen if one’s goal is blocked?
  According to Maslow, man by nature is good and he longs for the achievement of his
goal. If his goal is blocked, he becomes frustrated and neurotic.
7. What is meant by self-actualization needs according to Maslow?
 These needs are less prioritized. Only few people strive for these needs. These are
needs for exceptional and extraordinary achievements and other scholarly works.
8. What is the highest hierarchy need of Maslow? Why is it that only some people work for
this need?
 These needs should be satisfied to give comfort to the body such as food, clothing,
shelter, air and other material things. Some people only work for these needs because
some of them were already have these.
9. Why does a person have to associate with others?
 These are needs for love, affection, belongingness, safety, cooperation,
companionship, and others. These encourage people to associate with others.