Margie Aran͂o 03942 PSYCH 101

BSBAFM-1A 12:00 pm- 1:00 pm MW

1. Mention at least 3 purposes of sociology and explain.

- To teach students the concepts, theories, and methods of the behavioral and social services. It
means that the purpose of sociology is to help us know what are the concepts, theories, and even
methods of behavioral or social services.
- To introduce students to the basic social processes of society, social institutions and patterns of
social behavior. It means that the purpose of sociology is to introduce to the students what are the
basic processes of society, social institutions and also patterns of social behavior when we study
sociology.
- To train students to understand and to interpret objectively the role of social processes, social
institutions and social interactions in their lives. This is another purpose of sociology is to help
us understand interpret or give objective role of a social processes social institutions and as well
as social interactions in their lives.

2. Mention at least 5 examples that the study of sociology can contribute of the study of
self?

-One of the examples that the study of sociology can contribute of the study of self is that it can
help us to understand ourselves better, since it examines how the social world influences the way
we think, feel, and act. Second, It can also help with decision-making, both our own and that of
larger organizations.  Sociologists can gather systematic information from which to make
a decision, provide insights into what is going on in a situation, and present alternatives. In short,
the five examples is to help us in understanding ourselves, decision-making, provides insights,
present alternatives and lastly, influences the way we think, feel and act.
 
3. Mention at least 5 theories of sociology and explain.

- Theory # 1:
One of the theories of sociology is the Functionalism. Functionalism is a theory
based on the premise that all aspects of a society institutions, roles, norms, etc. or serve a
purpose and that all are indispensable for the long-term survival of the society. The approach
gained prominence in the works of 19th-century sociologists, particularly those who viewed
societies as organisms. In sociology, functionalism met the need for a method of analysis. In
in anthropology it provided an alternative to evolutionary theory and trait-diffusion analysis. 
- Theory # 2:
Second theory is called Marxism which means a social, political, and economic
theory originated by Karl Marx, which focuses on the struggle between capitalists and the
working class. Marx wrote that the power relationships between capitalists and workers were
inherently exploitative and would inevitably create class conflict. Marxism is both a social and
political theory, which encompasses Marxist class conflict theory and Marxian economics.
Marxism was first publicly formulated in the 1848 pamphlet, The Communist Manifesto, by Karl
Marx and Friedrich Engels, which lays out the theory of class struggle and revolution. 
- Theory # 3:
The third one is called Feminism. Feminist sociology is a conflict theory and
theoretical perspective which observes gender in its relation to power, both at the level of face-
to-face interaction and reflexivity within a social structure at large. Focuses include sexual
orientation, race, economic status, and nationality. Feminism theory is the extension of feminism
into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender
inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles, experiences, interests, chores, and
feminist politics in a variety of fields, such
as anthropology and sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, ecology, home
economics, literature, education, and philosophy.
- Theory # 4:
The fourth theory is called Social Action Theory. In sociology, action theory is
the theory of social action presented by the American theorist Talcott Parsons. Parsons
established action theory to integrate the study of social order with the structural and
voluntaristic aspects of macro and micro factors. Unlike structural theorists, social action
theorists argue that people's behavior and life-chances are not determined by their social
background. Instead, a social action theorist emphasizes the role of the active individual and
interactions between people in shaping personal identity and in turn the wider society.
- Theory # 5:
The fifth and the last theory is called Postmodernism.
Postmodernism in sociology is an analysis of the social and cultural features of late
capitalism (post-modernity), a critique of sociological theory as a modernist project, and an
extension of sociological inquiry into new domains. The term postmodernism made its way into
sociology from literary theory and criticism in the 1970s and at the same time, it was part of a
wider innovative movement in the discipline, continuing and reformulating a series of important
sociological topics.