THE BISHOP’S CO-ED.

SCHOOL,
KALYANI NAGAR
CLASS : IV-A TO IV-F
SUBJECT : SCIENCE
TOPIC : SOLAR SYSTEM
DATE : 9 DECEMBER 2020
 EXPLORING SPACE
• Humans explore space using some hi-tech machines.
• Telescopes are instruments which help us to see things far away in
space. Hubble space telescope is as big as a bus!
• Space probes are machines launched from rockets. They travel in
space to collect information. Voyager 1 and 2 were launched 1977.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SPACE PROBES - VOYAGER 1 AND 2
 MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH

• The Earth is continuously in motion.

It keeps spinning on its axis and at
the same time it is moving around
the Sun.
• The two different motions of the
Earth account for change of: -
Day and night and
Seasons
 ROTATION
• The spinning of Earth on its own axis is
called rotation.
• The axis of the earth is titled.
• The earth spins on its axis from west to
east.
• It takes the Earth 24 hours to complete
one rotation.
• Day and night are caused due to
rotation of the Earth.
REVOLUTION
• The movement of Earth around the Sun in
a fixed orbit is called revolution.
• It takes the Earth one full year (365 days)
to complete one full revolution around the
Sun.
 SEASO
NS of the Earth around the
• The revolution
Sun and the tilted axis cause seasons.
• An imaginary line called equator divides
the Earth into northern and southern
halves. These two halves are also called
hemispheres.
• Different parts of the Earth tilt towards
or away from the Sun during one
revolution of the Earth. This causes
change in seasons.
• In December, the northern hemisphere
December
is tilted away from the Sun. So northern N
hemisphere has winter in December. It s

has shorter days and longer nights.

June
• In June, the northern hemisphere is N

tilted towards the Sun getting direct s

sunrays. This makes the northern

hemisphere warmer than the southern
hemisphere. So, the northern
hemisphere has summer.
• In March and September, the two hemispheres Autumn
N
September

get almost the same amount of sunshine. S

• Days and nights are nearly equal in length.
• In March, the northern hemisphere has spring
and in September, it has autumn or fall.

Spring March
N
S
 EFFECTS OF SEASONS
ON HUMANS: Humans are least
affected because we are able to
make ourselves comfortable.
Animals and plants are greatly
affected by changes in seasons
during the year.

ON PLANTS:
Many plants shed their leaves in
winter and slow down their
growth. They grow new leaves in
spring and soon bear flowers.
Pines and evergreen trees retain
their leaves even in winter,
though their growth slows down.
ON ANIMALS:
• Animals might face food shortage and
harsh weather conditions during winter
and summer. They also migrate to escape
heat and food shortage due to lack of rain
in summer.
• During winter, animals in extreme weather
zones may travel vast distance to find more
comfortable living area. They return to
their homes once winter is on its way out.
• Northern fur seals are mammals that
migrate 5000 km from cold areas to find
warmer waters. They return home in
spring.
• Some animals go into winter sleep or
hibernate during winter. Wall lizards and
frogs hibernate. During very hot and dry
summer, some animals like snails and crabs
show summer sleep.
 LET US REVISE
• Humans explore space using some hi-tech machines.
• Telescopes are instruments which help us to see things
far away in space.
• Space probes are machines launched from rockets.
They travel in space to collect information.
• The spinning of Earth on its own axis is called rotation.
• The movement of Earth around the Sun in a fixed orbit
is called revolution.
• The revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the
tilted axis cause seasons.
• Animals and plants are greatly affected by changes in
seasons during the year.
THANK - YOU