General Medicine

Diagnosis
Diagnosis
The term diagnosis is derived from Greek word 'dia' means through and 'gnosis' means
recognizing.
The art or act of recognization of the disease affecting the patient.

Field diagnosis /Presumptive diagnosis:

Based on
❖ Epidemiological data
❖ Clinical history
❖ Clinical findings
❖ Physical findings of specimen
❖ Results of rapid diagnostic test
❖ Necropsy findings

Clinical diagnosis

Based on
❖ Clinical history
❖ Clinical findings

Laboratory diagnosis

Based on
❖ Collection of samples
❖ Identification of the causative agents in the
collected samples

Confirmatory diagnosis / Final diagnosis / Definite diagnosis

Based on
❖ Interpretation of history and clinical findings
❖ Laboratory report of the tested samples

Clinical diagnosis:
Clinical diagnosis is a field diagnosis, is based on clinical findings such as clinical
characteristics.

Presumptive diagnosis
PD is a diagnosis which is assumed as true or valid until the contrary is proved. PD is based
on non-laboratory field based holistic data (animal reproduction, management data,
epidemiologic data, and etiologic data) and reductionistic data (signalment, anamnesis, clinical

Prepared by Dr. Md. Shamim Ahasan

 General Medicine

signs, physical signs, physical findings of specimens, response to treatment or preventive

measures and necropsy data etc.)

Field diagnosis
A non-laboratory, presumptive diagnosis is based on interpretation of significant holistic
data (eg. Signalment, distribution), clinical data (clinical characteristics), response to treatment
and necropsy data and final diagnosis based on the interpretation of field and / or laboratory data.

Prepared by Dr. Md. Shamim Ahasan

 General Medicine

Prepared by Dr. Md. Shamim Ahasan


Steps Methods of examination
Step 1:History taking
Clinical history
Step 2:Examination of the environment:
Indoor and outdoor environments
Step 3:Examination of patient:
(A) General examination
(a) Distant inspection
(b) Close examination of vital signs
(c) Physical examination:
Palpation, Percussion &
Auscultation
(B) Special examination
(a) Examination of body regions and systems
(b) Examination of identified system
radiography and other techniques.
(c) Examination of lesions‘ Biopsy and fluid’
Step 4:Laboratory examination of
specimens:
Blood, urine, feces, soils -
Micro-parasitological techniques
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Aims and objectives
Recording of: Patient data, Disease history, and
Management history
Determines the relationship between environmental
factors and the incidence of disease.
Determines the physical abnormalities and
manifestations of diseases.
Records temperature, pulse and respiratory rates.
Determines the abnormalities in organs and systems.
Determines the body regions and systems affected.
Determines the location of lesions in organs and
systems.
Determines types of lesions.
Determines the specific cause of disease.
Dr. Md. Shamim Ahasan