FIBER

ARTS
POINT FORTIN EAST SECONDARY SCHOOL
FIBER ARTS

Fiber art refers to fine art whose material consists of

natural or synthetic fiber and other components, such
as fabric or yarn. It focuses on the materials and on the
manual labor on the part of the artist as part of the
works' significance, and prioritizes aesthetic value over
utility.
FIBER ARTS HISTORY

https://caribbeanartguide.weebly.com/fi
bre-and-decorative-craft.html
 FIBER ARTS TECHNIQUES
FIBER ARTS TECHIQUES 1.
2.
QUILTING
KNITTING
Quilting as an art form was 3. RUG HOOKING
popularized in the 1970s and 4. FELTING
80s. Other fiber art 5. BRAIDING
techniques are knitting, rug 6. PLAITING
hooking, felting, braiding or 7. MACRAME
plaiting, macrame, lace 8. LACE MAKING OR TATTING
making, flocking (texture) and
9. FLOCKING
more. There are a wide variety
of dye techniques. Sometimes
cyanotype and heliographic FIBER DYEING TECHNIQUES
(sun printing) are used. 1. CYANOTYPE
2. HELIOGRAPHIC
 QUILTING
QUIILTING

Quilting, sewing technique in which two layers

of fabric, usually with an insulating interior
layer, are sewn together with multiple rows of
stitching. It has long been used for clothing in
China, the Middle East, North Africa, and the
colder areas of Europe but is now primarily
associated with the construction of bedcovers
and wall hangings.
KNITTING

Knitting, production of fabric by employing a

continuous yarn or set of yarns to form a series of
interlocking loops. Knit fabrics can generally be stretched
to a greater degree than woven types. The two basic types
of knits are the weft, or filling knits—including plain, rib,
purl, pattern, and double knits—and the warp
knits—including tricot, raschel, and milanese. In knitting,
a wale is a column of loops running lengthwise,
corresponding to the warp of woven fabric; a course is a
crosswise row of loops, corresponding to the filling.
CROCHETING

Crochet is a process of creating textiles by

using a crochet hook to interlock loops of yarn,
thread, or strands of other materials. The name
is derived from the French term crochet,
meaning 'small hook'. Hooks can be made
from a variety of materials, such as metal,
wood, bamboo, or plastic.
RUG HOOKING

Major classifications of Orientals, based on place of origin, include Persians, the largest and most important group;
Turkomans, popular, vividly coloured carpets including Turkoman, Afghan, and Baluchistan rugs made in Central Asia; bold,
geometric patterned Caucasian carpets, from Caucasia and Transcaucasia; the Turkish Anatolian group, less intricately
designed than other Orientals; and the Indian, Pakistani, and Chinese group, frequently less durable than the other types.
The availability of excellent materials is probably the factor most responsible for the origin of carpets in the East. The
nomads had access to fibres from their camels, goats, and sheep; cotton was cultivated in cotton fields.
FELTING

Felting, consolidation of certain fibrous materials by the application of heat, moisture, and mechanical action, causing the
interlocking, or matting, of fibres possessing felting properties. Such fibres include wool, fur, and certain hair fibres that mat
together under appropriate conditions because of their peculiar structure and high degree of crimp (waviness). Wool can produce
felting even when mixed with other fibres. Unlike bonded fabrics, felts do not require an adhesive substance for their production.
Woven fabrics made of cotton or wool may be felted, making them thicker and more compact. Such fabrics, sometimes called
woven felts, resemble true felts.
BRAIDING /
PLAITING

Braid is made by interlacing three or more yarns or fabric strips, forming a flat or tubular narrow fabric. It is used as
trimming and for belts and is also sewn together to make hats and braided rugs. Plaiting, usually used synonymously
with braiding, may be used in a more limited sense, applying only to a braid made from such materials as rope and
straw. With the exception of felt, nonwoven materials are in the early stages of development. There is controversy
about the precise meaning of the term nonwoven, but one authority defines nonwoven fabrics as textile fabrics.
MACRAME

Macramé, also spelled Macrame, (from Turkish makrama, “napkin,” or “towel”), coarse lace or fringe
made by knotting cords or thick threads in a geometric pattern. Macramé was a specialty of Genoa,
where, in the 19th century, towels decorated with knotted cord were popular. Its roots were in a
16th-century technique of knotting lace known as punto a groppo. In the 1960s macramé became a
popular craft and creative art technique in America and in Europe. It has been used to create
lampshades, plant hangers, hammocks, window coverings, and wall hangings.
TATTING

Tatting, process by which a fabric akin to lace is made of thread with a small hand shuttle and
the fingers. It was once a widely practiced craft, known in Italy as occhi and in France as la
frivolité. The resulting product appears to be quite fragile but is indeed both strong and durable.
 LACE MAKING

Lacemaking, Methods of producing lace. The popularity of handmade laces led to the invention of lacemaking machines in the 19th century (see
John Heathcoat). Early models required intricate engineering mechanisms. Later improvements included Nottingham-lace machines, primarily for
coarse lace, and Barmens machines. Schiffli lace, a type of embroidery, is made by modern machines, evolved from a hand version, using needles
with points at each end. Many types of machine-made laces are produced, frequently with geometrically shaped nets forming their backgrounds.
The high strength and comparatively low cost of man-made fibre yarns have made sheer laces widely available.
FLOCKING

"Flocking" is a decoration process that enhances the

way a wide variety of products are experienced by
making ordinary surfaces seem far more magical and
special. "Flocking" is the process of depositing
millions of little individual cut fiber particles (called
"flock") onto the surface of an article for the purpose of
increasing the tactile sensation, aesthetics, color and
appearance.
CYANOTYPE

Cyanotype is a photographic printing process

that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used
the process well into the 20th century as a simple
and low-cost process to produce copies of
drawings, referred to as blueprints. The process
uses two chemicals: ferric ammonium citrate and
potassium ferricyanide.
HELIOGRAPHIC

Sun Painting or Heliographic Art is a process

whereby certain fabric paints are applied to fabric
and while still wet, objects like stencils, leafs,
feathers etc are placed onto the wet fabric. It is
then placed in the sun. the outlines of the objects
are transferred to the fabric. Setacolor Fabric
Paint is what we recommend, the Transparent
colors only.
FIBER TOOLS
 FIBER SAFETY
1. Know where the emergency phone, fire extinguishers and eye wash station
are located.
2. Make sure a first-‐aid kit is located in the room.
3. Do not work in any altered state that could affect your safety (due to a
medication or exhaustion.)
4. You must wear eye protection when working
5. You must wear cotton clothing and leather shoes.
6. No baggy, cuffed or frayed clothing allowed while working with machines.
7. Do not use a tool without proper instruction.
8. Do not to work alone in a sewing area
9. No earbuds or headphones when working in the welding area or operating a
power tool. You may use the hearing protection plugs or ear cuffs.
10. Any sharp objects must be disposed of in a plastic container . Do not put in
trash.
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