INTRODUCTION TO TEXTLES

LECTURE 3
Textile Production Methods
Knitting: 
 Production of fabric by employing a continuous yarn or set of yarns to
form a series of interlocking loops.

 This is a process in which loops of fibers are interlocked to form the

fabric.

 Knitting is done by looping yarn together with additional loops, most

often using needles or a machine.

 Knit fabrics can generally be stretched to a greater degree than woven

types. 

 Sweaters, blankets, and socks are often knitted.

Types of knits
 In knitting, a wale is a column of loops running lengthwise, corresponding to the warp of
woven fabric; a course is a crosswise row of loops, corresponding to the weft.

 Weft knit

In the more common weft knitting, the wales are perpendicular to the course of the yarn. In
weft knitting, the entire fabric may be produced from a single yarn, by adding stitches to each
wale in turn, moving across the fabric. whereas weft knitting is done by both hand and
machine

 Warp knits

In warp knitting, the wales and courses run roughly parallel. By contrast, in warp knitting, one
yarn is required for every wale. Since a typical piece of knitted fabric may have hundreds of
wales, warp knitting is typically done by machine, are commonly used in lingerie.
Textile Production Methods

Quilting: 
 Quilting is done by taking many different pieces of material and
stitching them together, then sewing atop the materials, not only
to compress them together, but also to create intricate designs.

 An array of stitches is passed through all layers of the fabric to

create a three dimensional padded surface.
Textile Production Methods
Spinning:
 This process is used to make threads, yarn, or fibers.

 It is done by a process of spinning to wrap the materials around each other to form
a long cord.

 Spinning, in textiles, process of drawing out fibers from a mass and twisting them

together to form a continuous thread or yarn. 

 Optical fibers are also made this way; even though they are technical textiles, they
are created using glass fibers, plastic fibers, or a blending of the two, which are
then spun around a center cord.
Textile Production Methods

Tufting: 
 This is how rugs and carpets are made.

 A material like yarn is pulled through a backing, often made of nylon, then pulled
out the other side to the desired length and thickness.

 This is done again and again until a soft layer has been made into a carpet.
Textile Production Methods

Braiding:
 Braiding is a process of interweaving several fibers into a braid or cord, but can
also be used on a larger scale to make braided fabrics.

 It is a machine or hand method of interlacing three or more yarns or bias-cut cloth

strips in such a way that they cross one another and are laid together in diagonal
formation, forming a narrow strip of flat or tubular fabric.

 Fibers are twisted and braided.

 The word plaiting is generally applied when such materials as rope or straw are
employed.
Textile Production Methods

Knotting and interlacing: 

 Fibers are knotted at intersections interlaced and interloped to form an open mesh
fabric.

 Lace is an open work fabric made by looping plaiting or twisting thread by means
of a needle or a set of bobbins.

 this includes fabrics made by crochet .

 Fishing nets, macrame etc are other examples.

Textile Production Methods
Felting:
 This is a process which makes use of heat, pressure and moisture and adhesives to
interlock fibers to produce the fabric

 It is consolidation of certain fibrous materials by the application of heat, moisture,

and mechanical action, causing the interlocking, or matting, of fibers possessing
felting properties.

 Such fibers include wool, fur, and certain hair fibers that mat together under
appropriate conditions because of their peculiar structure.

 Wool can produce felting even when mixed with other fibers. Unlike bonded
fabrics, felts do not require an adhesive substance for their production.
Single cloth or Double cloth
 According to the way the fabric is woven the textiles are further categorized as single cloth
or double cloth

 The single cloth is made when one yarn of warp and one yarn of weft are interlaced.

 A double cloth will have two warp and two weft yarns interlacing resulting in a much
stronger textile with more weight.
Classification of textiles according to their use

 Apparel textiles:
which includes fabric used for making fashion wear, household textiles which include
Table linen, bed sheets, toweling, etc.
 Industrial Textiles:
used for making filters, medical textiles, geo textile etc.;
 Consumer textiles:
which include fabric for making sleeping bags, bags, floor coverings 
 Furnishing textiles:
includes that are used for curtains, upholstery, wall coverings etc.
Textile design

 Textile design is the process of planning and producing a fabric's appearance and
structure.

 It is the process of creatively producing the final products of knitted, printed, and
woven textiles.
Contemporary Textile Design
 At its core, the word “contemporary” means “of the moment,” which makes this style
particularly hard to define.
 It is evolving over time.
 There is often confusion in categorizing contemporary from modern, due to the fact that the
contemporary look can draw its inspiration from any era, including the modern.
 It is eclectic and voguish, featuring hot new trends as well as revitalized retro crazes.
 At the present time, contemporary textile design borrows from the minimalism.
 However, these fabrics can often be stylistically identified by the color palettes that vary with the
latest seasonal fashions.
 Fundamentally, a contemporary design is defined by simplicity, subtle sophistication, deliberate
use of texture, and clean lines.
Assignment 1
Sketch and color 6 creative contemporary textile designs on your sketch books.

Keep in mind the following points while doing the assignment:

1. 5*5 inches box each.

2. Designs should not be lifted.

3. Follow the contemporary design basics.

4. Use specified color palette.

5. Specify the product you’re making the design for.

Gracias!