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COMMENT SUPPLY CHAIN
WORRIES
T
he impact of the coronavirus appears to be growing and concerns are
mounting that component shortages will start to have a serious impact in a
matter of weeks.
The analyst group, Oxford Economics, has warned that should the virus
spread beyond China there will be serious consequences for the global economy while
the virus is already having a “chilling effect” on China, with extensive factory closures.
Should the virus spill over into neighbouring countries then it’s likely that companies
will struggle to source components and finished goods.
Apple has warned investors that it’s not going to meet its quarterly revenue target,
because of the “temporarily constrained” supply of iPhones and a dramatic drop in
Chinese spending during the crisis. In the UK, Jaguar Land Rover has said that it will
run out of car parts at its British factories if the coronavirus continues to prevent parts
arriving from China.
Apple is a prime example of the type of demand and a supply shock that electronic “Apple has
suppliers and customers may be facing, and while the company says that production
warned
will return to normal that process is taking far longer than expected.
Interestingly, according to market analysts Omdia, the semiconductor industry investors that
appears to have escaped the impact of the coronavirus crisis - so far – but should the it’s not going
virus spread then it’s possible we could see production reduced or even suspended, as to meet its
factories are closed.
quarterly
For the moment, despite logistical, packaging and test challenges, fabs in China
appear to be functioning normally, but any disruption could have profound global
reveune target,
repercussions. because of the
The semiconductor market represents a huge component of the global economy, constrained
generating an estimated $424.8 billion last year alone, so the danger lies with any supply of
possible disruption to manufacturers – many of whom operate in China and are already
iPhones.”
functioning at below 20 per cent capacity.
Problems with import and export logistics are growing but are being mitigated by
the fact that the first quarter tends to be the slowest period of the year for the global
electronics business.
The worry has to be that if the coronavirus continues to spread and spur significant
public-health problems beyond China, it will raise serious long term problems for
electronics suppliers and manufacturers who may be forced to slow manufacturing
further or even shut down their operations.
Rather than the green shoots of a recovery, we may just be seeing brown weeds
instead.
But don’t abandon your connected there are dozens since the Zigbee if not to establish value at the
hubs, thermostats, light and motion Alliance can call upon the varied software or services level.
sensors and smart appliance controls expertise and needs of the likes The group also stress they would
just yet, or refrain from buying new of Samsung’s Smart Things group, welcome other device manufacturers,
ones. Resideo (Honeywell) IKEA, Silicon silicon providers and developers
The rough draft for the CHIP Labs, NXP Semiconductors, Schneider from across the smart home sector
standard – which envisions we will all Electric, Signify (formerly Philips Hue) to participate in and contribute to
the standard, helping to “define a Z-Wave option, but the two are reminded interested parties that they
specific set of IP-based networking currently incompatible in a home are still very much in the game, and
technologies for device certification.” environment. one of its core members, Samsung,
While that is certainly However, this means that a launched its OCF Universal Cloud
commendable, more names will mean number of requirements will need Interface (UCI). The UCI is targeted
more pieces to try and fit together. to be reconciled, not least the fact more at the developer community than
The expectation is that compliant that Alexa and Google Assistant both consumers, and aims to create an
devices will implement at least one use a cloud-to-cloud protocol. And open standard that will allow different
supported networking technology, but any new standard under the CHIP manufacturers’ cloud services to
not necessarily all. umbrella will need to satisfy Apple’s communicate with one another as well
The first specification releases existing HomeKit requirements, “We are fully on as devices.
for the network and physical wireless notably that most communications board with the The OCF also said that products
protocols will likely be for Wi-Fi, take place locally. It is also important goal of trying targeting the smart home market
up to and including the 802.11ax to note that Apple sees any new to unify the from many of its members (such as
(now known as Wi-Fi 6); Thread over protocol as “complementing existing application layer Resideo, Samsung, LG and Haier) will
802.15.4 operating at 2.4GHz; and technologies”, which would suggest over multiple radio complete OCF2.1 certification later
IP implementations of all existing the plan is not to eliminate any of the technologies.” this year.
flavours of Bluetooth (including BT Low above standards, but find common Jake Alamat “The smart home today is anything
Energy). ground between them. but smart; there are too many apps
It should be noted that the working It is also worth stressing that the and competing communication
group is specifically not adopting the Thread Group has been working for protocols to make it happen and
forthcoming Zigbee 3.0 spec, but what a while on a similar concept. Indeed, homeowners are increasingly
is proposed is pretty similar to what Grant Erickson, president of the group, frustrated” said Scott Harkins, VP
that specification is targeting. welcomed the CHIP initiative and said and general manager at Resideo’s
Over time, other networking the group feels vindicated on two Connected Home business. He said
technologies are likely to be fronts. the UCI standard will greatly simplify
embraced, including Ethernet, “First, to create this unified app IoT cloud-to-cloud communications.
broadband and cellular. layer protocol Project CHIP is taking Despite some misgivings, analysts
the same IP-based approach we contacted by New Electronics have
Speeding up development have used, and second, they have welcomed the CHIP initiative.
To speed the development of the designated Thread as a network layer “It is really promising that the
protocol, the working group will for low powered devices.” ‘big three’ are willing to get to the
commence with components of He added the project will confer table, and that the Zigbee Alliance
existing smart home technologies from tangible, meaningful benefits to both will be at the core of the project. Of
the Zigbee Alliance, Google, Amazon manufacturers and consumers alike, course success for such an effort is
and Apple. since the smart home device should not guaranteed, especially with the
Any open source code the working ‘just work’, regardless of the radio enormous corporate egos that will be
group decides is appropriate to involved. present in the room,” Jack Narcotta,
incorporate will then be copied into the The CHIP initiative of course joins a senior analyst within the Intelligent
CHIP project and modified as needed. a number of efforts that are already Home group of Strategy Analytics told
As such it can draw on existing and trying to achieve the same ends, if New Electronics.
on-going developments and protocols using different means. Some are open But he cautioned, “the Alliance
from Amazon’s Alexa Smart Home, source, such as the Open Connectivity will have to tread carefully and
Apple’s HomeKit, Google’s peer- Foundation’s IoTrivity, which followed diplomatically, not least because the
to-peer Weave and the the Zigbee the once promising AllSeen Alliance’s likes of Google, Amazon and Apple
Alliance’s Dotdot. The latter, based on AllJoyn specification before embracing do not have a notable track record for
IPv6, is itself a collaboration between it with bridging and plug in support. following an open approach in such
teams to create a common language Those two groups subsequently matters.
at the application layer between merged. “To some extent, they are following
Zigbee’s and Google’s Weave-related Many companies involved with the an ‘if you can’t beat them, let’s join
Thread protocol that, like Zigbee, is OCF are also members of the Zigbee them’ situation.”
built around the IEEE 802.15.4 mesh Alliance, but the effort is more focused Narcotta suggested the industry is
networking principle. on the IoT space. likely to get a litmus test of how the
As of course is the well-established In January at CES, the OCF collaboration is going late summer,
and should expect a big splash next This crucially includes the G9959
year. PHY/MAC radio spec, the application
“The guys at the Zigbee Alliance layer, the network layer and the host-
will likely have to shoulder the bulk of device communications protocol, both
the workload”, he added. Silicon Labs and the Z-Wave Alliance
“We are more than able to act as said.
honest brokers, and have proven that The change in its business model
in the past. And we are well aware of is clearly recognition that while
the complexity of task we have taken Z-Wave has been a hugely successful
on. But I am very confident, because business – Silicon Strategies says
we have been talking to and listening 700 companies have put over 100
to executives of the big participants million interoperable devices using
for a few years now, Tobin Richardson, Z-Wave products into the market – the
CEO of the Zigbee Alliance told New single source approach will not work
Electronics. going forward. “Anything that makes it
“In a way, getting all three to more open will be good for the sector,
the table was the big part. They are and us,” Jake Alamat, VP of Home and
well aware of the challenges and Research conducted by Sellhousefast.co.uk Consumer at Silicon Labs told New
opportunities, and I am prepared Electronics.
for some aggressive but positive Z-Wave Alliance or the OCF. Above: This research Asked whether the move was a
discussions before we reach our “There will be plenty of was conducted reaction to the CHIP effort, Alamat
goal”. opportunities for innovation, including by Sellhousefast. insisted the Alliance and the company
Richardson admits the time-scales from the smaller developers, while, uk and was titled: had been working on this for a long
the group has set itself are ‘very for instance, Apple will argue hard for ‘Which smart home time, and, also participating in the
aggressive’. But the task is really one greater security, surely something that products will Brits CHIP project, decided to bring its
of system integration. “It (the task) will be crucial for growth and market own in 2020?’ announcement by a few days.
is an ambitious one, but we are not acceptance, while Google is perhaps “We are fully on board with the
starting from scratch. I would say there the biggest proponents of the IP goal of trying to unify the application
is a big likelihood we will succeed, but philosophy and brings huge experience layer over multiple radio technologies.”
of course nothing is guaranteed”. in architectural possibilities.” Alamat added he does not believe
And he suggests along the Richardson also hinted that along the number of radio protocols will be
way, there could be some alliance the way, the Zigbee Alliance may opt reduced. “All have their values for
agreements with others looking at the to change its name “to capture the different applications – CHIP is, rightly,
same issues, for instance with the reality of its new role. Zigbee as a targeting a unified experience.”
technology can certainly stand on its He also said Silicon Labs has
own achievements, so now might already received ‘multiple enquiries’
be a good time to look at a name for making Z-Wave compatible radio
change.” devices, but declined to name them.
Alamat added the spec is expected
Z-Wave in the mix to be opened up by the middle of the
Another technology in year.
the mix is Z-Wave, fronted In fact it promises to be a ground-
by Silicon Labs, perhaps the breaking year for the intelligent
largest supplier of silicon for “There will home sector. As Strategy Analytics’
radios in a huge variety be plenty of Narcotta notes, even if CHIP, or a
of smart devices. This, opportunities CHIP successor, does not succeed,
too, is heading for major for innovation, its lasting impact may be in being the
changes, following the including from catalyst for gathering players in the
announcement -- a day before the smaller sector around an ever-larger table, and
the launch of the CHIP initiative developers.” kick-start the conversation about ways
-- that the company will open up Tobin Richardson to resolve the interoperability issues
part of the specification to the that have vexed consumer electronics
silicon makers and software companies – and their customers
developers. perhaps even more – for years.
COM-HPC/Client module will also each – so a total of 800 pins – are also depend on such powerful edge
come in two footprints, measuring available. With almost twice as many server solutions. The power grid can
120x120 mm and 160x120 mm. pin connections to the carrier board then be divided into intelligent sub-
Primarily designed for use in high- as COM Express, the COM-HPC and microgrids, enabling the edge
end applications in the embedded specification therefore also provides server infrastructure to react instantly
computing area, the Client module considerably more interconnect and in real-time to power fluctuations
– unlike the COM-HPC/Server module options. caused by current peaks or sinks.
– integrates video interfaces such as All these new challenges are not
DDI or eDP/MIPI-DSI for the control What are the target markets for the easily mapped with the existing COM
of up to 4 high-resolution displays. Christian Eder, new class of modules? Express standard.
It further provides up to 2 GbE chairman of the The COM-HPC standard addresses
interfaces for network connection via PICMG COM-HPC applications with exceptionally Is PCIe 6.0 also covered by the
NBASE-T. technical sub- high performance requirements, specification?
In terms of power consumption, committee such as those common in server- Providing 32 Gbit/s per lane, COM-
COM-HPC/Client modules can be based applications for the harsher HPC will support PCIe Gen 5.0 with
classified as low-power components, environments, in edge infrastructures up to 64 PCIe lanes to the carrier
while COM-HPC/Server modules, for carriers and Industry 4.0 board, and it will probably also be
which are optimised for maximum manufacturing, in the outdoor sector able to cope with its successor, PCIe
connectivity and workload and in vehicles of all kinds. Gen 6.0. But since PCIe Gen 6.0 will
performance, have a correspondingly COM-HPC/Server modules will not be fully ratified until 2021, there
high power draw. Hence the plan be used wherever large amounts may still be changes that make this
is to supply up to 300W for the of data have to be processed with impossible.
Server modules and up to 200W lowest possible latency – and where Having said that, PCIe Gen 6.0
for the Client modules. The primary forwarding the data for processing will definitely be backward compatible
connector reserves a remarkable 28 in central clouds and sending them to PCIe Gen 5.0. PCIe Gen 6.0 sets
power pins on each COM-HPC module back would take too much time. the modulation from NRZ (non-return
for this purpose. An example of this is the to zero) to PAM4 (four-level pulse
All COM-HPC modules can also infrastructure for self-driving vehicles, amplitude modulation). While the
execute up to 64 PCIe lanes to the which requires very fast response clock frequency stays the same, 2
carrier board and support PCIe up to times and can therefore only be bits are transmitted per clock instead
specification Gen 5.0, which allows implemented via a powerful edge of only 1 bit. This technology has long
transfer rates of up to 32 Gb/s server layer at the edge of the cloud. been used in MLC Flash memory.
per lane. This makes it possible to The power supply – which in Judging by the preliminary information
connect several powerful GPGPUs. future will no longer be provided by on PCIe 6.0, COM-HPC is also
For the physical connection between just a few large suppliers, but by an equipped for this technology leap,
the COM-HPC modules and the carrier increasing number of medium-sized, as the connector used is already
board, two connectors with 400 pins small and even tiny suppliers – will specified for 56 Gbps PAM4.
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VR & AR HAPTIC TECHNOLOGY
I
mmersive Reality may be struggling the procedures that the robot will
to penetrate the consumer world, but follow and can pre-simulate without
across industry it is becoming well actually interrupting processes. That’s
established. probably where we see the most
Manufacturers, for example, are benefit right now.”
now finding uses for the technology
including the way it can assist True replication
employees to diagnose potential The challenge that system developers
problems, record their progress are now facing is replicating true
during training or reduce wastage interaction through robotics. According
and increase the quality of assembly, to Professor Robert Stone, Director
lengthening the life of machines. of the Human Interface technologies
Such use cases were established team and Emeritus Professor, XR
and detailed in ARC advisory group and Telepresence at the University of
digital transformation analyst Will Birmingham, these technologies have
FEELING THE
Hasting’s 2018 report into the use of not developed much from systems in
AR in manufacturing and now it seems the 90s.
the focus, in terms of innovation, has “We saw a lot of early VR
FUTURE OF
shifted from the ability to see to the applications using master slave
ability to see and feel. manipulators from the nuclear
Sectors leading the way include industry and for a long time, people
ROBOTIC
defence, with bomb disposal robots, were asking if these things could
aerospace, for maintenance work be adapted. Even the original
and ceramics, looking to improve the exoskeletons in the 1960s were being
CONTROL
quality of the end product. looked at as a means by which you
Another area in which haptic could interact more intuitively with
and virtual reality is in demand is virtual worlds.
in healthcare, allowing the ability to “It’s only recently that haptics
train surgeons before operating on Now VR and AR are established in has come to the fore because a lot
patients. Richard Vincent, founder and of people are coming out with quite
CEO of FundamentalVR said, “Where several vertical markets, the next outlandish products but, when you
we seek to get our technology to is to look at these products, very little
stage is adding haptic feedback.
create haptics, which give the sensory has changed since the 90s. We’re
clues that you need to change your By Elliot Mulley-Goodbarne still looking at pneumatics and at
behaviour in a surgical procedure.” electromechanical devices that are
FundamentalVR provides a Elsewhere, in manufacturing, Above: built in pulley-like systems that restrict
replication of a number of surgical Unity Studios Aps chief design FundamentalVR uses or restrain the movements of the
procedures through Microsoft, Vive or officer Thomas Fenger explained that haptics to improve hand or arm’; we’re still looking at
Oculus VR headsets and two geomatic companies are now interested in the experience for exoskeletons.
haptic arms in order to give students using haptic response systems and, surgeons using VR in “The big issue from my perspective,
a sense of the different forces needed in particular, VR and AR to make sure surgical procedures as a human factor specialist, is that
to carry out an operation. These production runs smoothly. we are still in the position today where
procedures are built on a gaming “Right now, companies that deliver there is not one system, be it the
engine provided by UnityVR with industrial robots are branching into robotics, or VR that is able to satisfy
FundamentalVR’s own R&D team using AR/VR for controls. all the needs of the sensors that are
incorporating the feedback through the “Mostly I see this as sort of the built into our fingertips, the skin of the
geomatic arms. pre-installation of the controls. We fingers, the muscles, the tendons. It’s
“Whether it’s reaming where you have already seen ABB using virtual still incredibly primitive.”
can feel the surface that’s starting to reality to be able to set up controller “The important thing with touch
change and so change your behaviour robots in a digital copy of the sort of is that everyone feels things slightly
or whether it’s a pedicle screw, where the environment that they come to differently” added Vincent, “I feel
you have to feel the inside of the use. a table surface and say it’s quite
channel at the back, we can achieve “The idea is to not interrupt smooth, you might say it’s a bit rough.
those clues, changing behaviour.” production. The operator will set up Neither of us are wrong but the point
is we can feel it and therefore we with a rotating piece of sandpaper to to get to be as realistic as cadaveric
know it’s there and that’s what we’re strip stuff away. training but he pointed out that the
trying to achieve with our technology “Using this hand controller platform price and convenience comparison
“Is it exactly the same as real life? and a multi axis platform we were able weighed heavily with technology.
No. But is it enough to create the to strip the plastic sheath of a wire As for the use of VR and haptics
learning experience? Yes. And that’s remotely without sanding or burning in surgery a lot has been made in the
the difference. through the actual wire itself. You run up to the release of 5G networks
“What haptics do is lift the couldn’t have done that with a glove or of remote surgeries and using new,
cognitive load, to make it easier for any of these other techniques for that faster signals to conduct operations
people to learn because you’ve got application.” from a different room, hospital,
32068_NELE_Euroquartz
more than one sensory 15/02/2019 16:57 Page 1 Fenger said that approaches by
experience “Where we country or even continent.
going on. They accelerate the learning companies to incorporate haptic seek to get our Vincent warns that such systems
speed because, again, you’re learning feedback seemed to follow two technology still have issues to address and there
through different behaviours, not just routes, a precise system that mimics to is to create are questions as to whether it is the
theoretical observation. You’re doing real interaction or ditching such haptics, which right technology.
it.” complicated systems in favour of give the sensory “I’m not sure why you’d want to
feedback designed to notify the user clue that you go there with VR because you really
Good vibrations? of their surroundings. These systems need to change want AR rather than VR. You’d want
Despite his “primitive” description are similar to those outlined by your behaviour to enhance the view rather than
of the haptic response technologies, Stone in which “rumblings in an Xbox in the surgical necessarily replace it.
when it comes to touch sensation, controller” signalled changes. procedure.” “But the biggest issue is the
Stone said that there is a place for “Most VR headsets give different Richard Vincent weakest link, which is the latency
certain haptic systems in non-mission versions of vibrations as feedback. issue because there is the possibility
critical situations. That’s kind of a more interesting way that the moment you’re just about to
He pointed to the use of to go, because you learn to accept sever an artery and try and stitch it up,
piezoelectric transducers built into a certain type or speed or rumble as that you get that one millisecond blip
a joystick that vibrates to give the another kind of haptic feedback,” in the signal. That could, quite literally,
user some form of touch sensation said Fenger. “So basically, it will be a be terminal.
as a good application of haptic suspension of disbelief. You accept “We’ve had a number of
technologies. the tools are different when you are conversations with manufacturers
“One of the best haptic feedback inside of the VR helmet and you of surgical robots around how some
systems I’ve ever used for a robot, accept you touched something when of our haptic intelligence could be
was developed by L3Harris over in the you get a slight rumble.” used in live robot activity. We’ve not
US for bomb disposal. When it comes to the realistic deployed any of that yet, but that’s
“They used a joystick to develop a haptic feedback, Vincent accepts that certainly an area of interest with the
haptic feedback controller and we put his FundamentalVR solution is not people who are specialising in that
a power tool onto the end of the robot quite the finished product. The aim is production.”
www.binder-connector.co.uk
I
n the world of technology, a lot of something that has evolved over seven orders of magnitude more
big words get bandied about so millions of years. Now it’s at a state efficient than the world’s best
frequently they stop meaning big where it does what it does extremely Below: The artificial microprocessor and, if you look at
things. ‘Pioneering’, ‘revolutionary’, efficiently, with low amounts of power. pancreas developed the components it uses, they’re not
‘innovative’… the list goes on. Yet The human brain, for example, is by the team entirely precise.
when I spoke to Imperial College “The neurons in your brain or
London’s Dr Pantelis Georgiou a the receptors that sense glucose in
few weeks back, those were the your cells are not working with 32-
only words that felt appropriate to bit accuracy. They’re slow and noisy
describe the research he and his components, yet they manage to
team carry out in the university’s holistically carry out bodily function
Faculty of Engineering, Department of with extreme accuracy, precision and
Electrical and Electronic Engineering. robustness.”
He is the head of the Bio-inspired “In our group, we look to biology
Metabolic Technology Laboratory in and see the way it’s architected
the Centre for Bio-inspired Technology and behaves. Then we try and
where a multi-disciplinary group create microelectronic systems
invents, develops and demonstrates which perform the same function
advanced micro-devices to meet with similar efficiencies, and we
global challenges in biomedical also draw parallels between the two
science and healthcare. mediums. In microelectronics, we
Stock.adobe.com
– diffusion and drift. A human cell substitute to the biological pancreas patients with a fully automated way
doesn’t have electrons, but it has got for the treatment of diabetes. to manage their diabetes. They don’t
ions which obey the same physical This research was originally have to inject three times a day or
properties.” Georgiou’s PhD project and, since do finger prick samples because
Georgiou explains that, because then, it’s gone on to grow as an they’ve got continuous monitoring
of these parallels, electronic systems initiative in his lab. Georgiou says, and infusion.
can be architected using transistors “We’ve now clinically trialed the “The second, we’ve done a study
that obey the same physical laws as device on 65 patients and I’m where we compared [treatments] and
biological cells. This approach was pleased to say, as of last December, we’ve shown that patients spend a
originally pioneered in the early 90s we have sent the device home lot more time in the healthy blood
by Carver Mead at The California fully unsupervised in a free-living “The human brain glucose range, between four and
Institute of Technology. environment.” is seven orders of eight mmol/l, that you would expect
Mead established neuromorphic He explains that the trials that magnitude more for a healthy individual.
electronics – a new area of thought had been carried out prior to this efficient than “We’ve also reduced the number
where he drew analogies between were within hospital environments, the world’s best of hyperglycemia events that patients
transistor physics and neural cells and the closed loop system has been microprocessor experience.
in the brain – and came up with the shown to manage diabetes. Now, a and, if you look at “Hyperglycemia is very dangerous,
hypothesis that because the laws new direction in his research lab is to the components it because when you infuse too much
which govern both are the same, bring in wearables to try and monitor uses, they’re not insulin and the body is depleted of
you should be able to architect additional parameters. entirely precise.” glucose, you end up fainting and
systems which are similar to the Stress and exercise are important Dr Pantelis it can be fatal. We showed in a
brain. Georgiou says neuromorphic factors in managing diabetes, so Georgiou head-to-head study that we totally
electronics are arguably the being able to detect these and feed eradicated hypoglycemia overnight.
foundation for artificial intelligence those into the artificial pancreas And compared to standard therapy,
and machine learning. system will hugely improve the we actually reduced it by as much as
treatment outcome. The artificial 20%.”
Extending neuromorphic electronics pancreas system itself uses an With these results, bio-inspired
“About 15 years ago, I thought I’d insulin pump to replace insulin electronics should clearly be taken
take that approach a step further and injections. seriously as a way to transform
ask, ‘can we do something similar “The problem with insulin outcomes for patients with various
with metabolic systems?’ I wanted injections is that you still need to illnesses or diseases. This research
to see if we could create an artificial monitor your blood glucose through project might be focused on diabetes,
pancreas for the management of finger prick samples. Then, to figure but Georgiou and his colleagues
diabetes and looked at the biological out how much insulin you need, at Imperial College London have
cells in the pancreas responsible for you need to do some mental developed electronic chips
glucose management, called beta arithmetic. that mirror biology to help
cells. I saw that there were analogies “What we offer is a fully diagnose and treat numerous
between the way those cells behaved closed loop system, which conditions. Those include
and CMOS transistors.” works in real-time. Every five a microchip-based for early
In the human body, blood glucose minutes it senses glucose and detection and therapeutic
levels are regulated by the gradual calculates how much insulin monitoring of breast
release of the hormone insulin. Type you need. The insulin which is cancer and a chip to better
1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease calculated is based our beta cell understand of the role of
where a person’s immune system model so it’s physiological, and hormones in appetite regulation
kills off the beta cells that ordinarily then it sends that information to and their impact on conditions such
create insulin. the insulin pump, which then pumps Above: An example as obesity.
Based on the thinking that in the insulin continuously.” of a chip developed Electronics are already being used
electronic systems can be architected to mirror a biological to carry out bodily functions, but for
to mirror biology, Georgiou developed Improving treatment outcomes function for neural this to be automated, they need to
a ‘silicon beta cell’ as an artificial This approach, even in this trial recording be architected in a way that mirrors
replacement for the biological beta phase, is already showing patients biology.
cell. He then used that silicon beta can have better treatment outcomes It’ll be interesting to see what
cell as the chip within the bio-inspired than existing methods. Georgiou other chips are built to replicate the
artificial pancreas, a fully closed says, “There are two benefits. One extreme accuracy, precision and
loop system designed to act as a is, for the first time, you’re providing robustness of human organs.
A
s the world becomes systems are implemented on custom- away from the traditional waterfall
increasingly driven by designed, embedded hardware methodology towards Agile, Agile
embedded systems, achieving platforms. For decades, C and hybrids, DevOps and generally
safe, secure and reliable software C++ have been the programming shorter, iterative development
has never been more important. languages of choice for such cycles of continuous integration,
Functional safety – part of the embedded systems. This is largely improvement, testing, delivery
overall safety of a system or piece because they permit direct, and deployment. This means that
of equipment that depends on deterministic control of hardware, to remain competitive, standards
automatic protection – is firmly in the and give flexibility to the developer. compliance, safety and security
spotlight, across all kinds of markets, However, the use of these languages should be baked into software
such as automotive, aerospace, also introduces risk. Code which development, from day one and
medical devices and rail. compiles and run can still have across the entire lifecycle.
This puts pressure on engineers undefined or unspecified behaviour,
to ensure their software is safe, while or may not behave in the same way Standards are the starting point
continuing to innovate and maintain when compiled and run on different Functional Safety standards, which
product performance, often against a target hardware. This is clearly promote consistent communication
back-drop of tight project timescales unacceptable in any safety-critical and shared understanding, enable
and budgets. Mega-trends such as application such as a car braking organisations to work from a common
Tierney/stock.adobe.com
on the market. Functional safety standards do analyse with static analysis tools.
Although it is sometimes not specify which coding standard Regardless of whether they are
considered a burden to work to the to use – they just indicate that a obligatory or not, adoption of coding
requirements of the standards, it is suitable coding standard should be standards is gaining momentum in all
more often the case that they reduce used and its use should be properly areas of software development.
costs and time to market because documented.
they implement best practice For example, ISO 26262 Best practice
throughout the development. mandates the use of coding There are some important issues to
Functional safety involves guidelines and specifies the topics take into account when implementing
performing a hazard analysis on that are recommended - or highly coding standards, first of which is
a system, and then implementing recommended - to be encompassed managing cultural change. There can
safety functions where needed, to by those guidelines. Topics such as be resistance to new processes and
reduce the risk of a hazard occurring the use of a safe language subset, tools, so it is important to involve the
to within a tolerable level. These and the use of naming conventions development team in the selection
safety functions may or may not are highly recommended. process and adoption strategy. It
be controlled by software. In cases MISRA C and MISRA C++ are two is also essential for everyone to
where there is a software-controlled of the most well-known and widely understand the business rationale
safety function, the standards set out used coding standards. MISRA C behind the changes, for example: to
the appropriate software development was first developed in 1998 for the ensure the safety of a product; meet
and verification activities that need automotive industry and has since a customer need; achieve external
to be undertaken in accordance with been extended for use in any safety- certification; and ultimately increase
level of required risk reduction. critical system. MISRA C++ followed sales and ensure business success.
IEC 61508 covering electrical, in 2008 since when they have While it is possible to use manual
electronic and programmable become leading coding standards code reviews to check code against
electronic safety-related systems, for critical software in all industry a standard, an automated static
was first published more than 20 sectors. code analysis tool is needed for any
years ago, establishing a process Later, the AUTOSAR C++14 project of significant size. Much faster
was which could apply to any industry. Coding Guidelines were developed to and more accurate than any human
Since then, almost all industries address the need for a safety-critical reviewer, a static analyser is capable
which have safety-critical software standard for modern C++. The MISRA of finding thousands of different types
/ hardware systems have created consortium is planning to merge of potential defects at the earliest
their own standards many of which these rules into an updated version of possible opportunity. Static code
are based on the IEC 61508, for its C++ standard in the near future. analysis integrates well with the
example: The CERT coding standards have Author details: ‘continuous improvement and test’
• Automotive (ISO 26262) been developed by a community of Jill Britton is approach of DevOps.
• Railway (EN 50128) experts with a focus on security, Director of A static analyser is able to scan
• Medical (IEC 62304) coordinated by the CERT division of Compliance at an individual developer’s code
• Agricultural Machinery the Software Institute at Carnegie Perforce Software changes before they are committed,
(ISO 25119) Mellon University. With the growing as well as automatically scanning the
awareness of the cybersecurity issues code for the entire project as part of
Coding standards are key that can be introduced through poor a continuous integration process. To
Of course, the whole issue of how coding practices, the use of CERT C help apply static analysis to a legacy
to write code that is guaranteed to and C++ for embedded applications codebase, some tools provide a
be safe and secure is not always is expected to increase baselining feature that gives visibility
straightforward. This is where coding In practice, many organisations only to newly introduced issues, and
standards have a big role to play. choose to fully or partially adopt other features that allow the team to
They capture many person-years multiple coding standards to easily prioritise reported issues.
of expertise and give developers a meet their specific needs. Some The requirement to ensure the
set of rules to follow, which gives organisations take a more flexible functional safety of software in
them confidence in the code they approach. For example, the NASA Jet embedded systems is only going to
write. As a bonus, they also lead to Propulsion Laboratory developed a increase, so putting in place a strong
more consistent, readable and thus set of just ten rules that are intended foundation of coding standards, tools
understandable code that helps to to eliminate C coding practices that and processes will pay dividends both
reduce future maintenance effort. make it difficult to review or properly now and in the future.
the entrepreneurship of start-up of a more extensive ecosystem and a data science company focused on
businesses, with large corporations the scaling up of capabilities making improving the planning and house
and academic research.” it easier to get the technology onto building market; Artificial Artists, a
According to Silver it’s also about different platforms. team of interactive and VFX specialists
stimulating the right market conditions The ecosystem is developing rapidly that has developed a 3D animation
so that the best companies are able and many of the key constituent parts platform that empowers artists to
to get to market faster and, in the are now ready, whether that’s the roll- create quality 3D content for digital
process, help the wider UK economy. out of 5G or the development of new and immersive media; Extend Robotics
which is developing a drone flying outcrop models, derived from data and grow the global VR ecosystem
platform with two robotic arms, which collected by drones, to create and to do that by supporting start-
is guided by virtual reality technology collaborative sessions or training ups with education, investment and
over 5G to perform manipulation courses.” mentorship.”
tasks remotely; Imaged Reality, a Two major oil companies have According to Tudor this year’s
VR and AR start-up which believes already licensed the company’s Augmentor programme attracted
immersive technologies will be able software and it has delivered its first double the number of investor
to transform training, knowledge and geological field trip to Shell. partners, which in itself suggests that
skill development across the Oil & There has been a lot of hype there is real investor appetite in terms
Gas, mining, construction, engineering around VR and, to a lesser extent, of what the sector can offer and the
industries and universities and Resus AR but according to Silver, “2020 is scalability of the technologies being
VR, a medical training start-up looking certainly looking more promising. The developed. There do remain concerns
to improve the decision making of creative and commercial opportunities that when it comes to immersive
healthcare professionals through offered by immersive technologies like technology investors are more averse
exposure to VR simulations. VR and AR are exciting and certainly to investing than they would be with
“Extended Robotics looks to diverse, but there are still challenges other technology.
provide a modular robotic system that when it comes to raising investment “Investors are looking for traction
can be installed on drones, rovers and creating sustainable businesses.” in the market, and it’s not there yet,”
and climbing robots, for example,” The Augmentor programme, started admitted Haynes.
explained the company’s founder and three years ago, has had a number He made the point that for
CEO Chang Lui. of successes to date, such as Gravity investors, “Business models need to
“When it comes to today’s robots Sketch, HoloMe and Reality Zero - be understood and proper sequencing
they tend to be handcrafted and fine- companies that have gone on to raise is critical, both of which require
tuned for a specific task, and it’s hard investment and achieve commercial “2020 is certainly dialogue between the investor and the
to deploy robots in complex real-world traction. looking more company.”
situations. What we are developing But while the programme is promising. The According to Haynes investment
is a physical avatar of a user so all about taking these ideas and creative and in consumer oriented immersive
that they can perform manipulation experimenting with them, the aim has commercial technology is challenging.
tasks remotely using VR over a 5G to be about turning them into strong opportunities “That’s especially true when you
connection - an avatar twin.” commercial propositions. offered by compare it to the enterprise space
According to Lui, it will provide According to Iulia Tudor, Investor immersive where it’s possible to have a much
a safer and more comfortable work Engagement Manager, Digital Catapult, technologies clearer and more coherent business
environment for the user, and will lead “Investor appetite for immersive are exciting and case for the technology. Investors
to significant cost savings – pointing technologies is on a high this year, diverse.” will also be looking for meaningful
to the costs incurred in terms of but according to our own research Jeremy Silver revenues and a solid client base.”
the installation and maintenance of access to finance remains a significant Despite the obvious risks
telecom infrastructures. challenge for start-ups operating in associated with any type of investment
Another start-up present was this space.” the future of the immersive ecosystem
Imaged Reality, that’s been set up to “Immersive technologies offer great is seen as a bright one, especially
focus on the oil and gas sector. opportunities for investors,” according here in the UK.
CEO and founder, Claudia Ruiz- to Dave Haynes, Director Vive X, “The UK has an excellent
Graham, explained that its VR HTC EMEA. ”But one of the biggest foundation in manufacturing and the
enterprise platform, 3DGAIA, is challenges for investors is actually creative industries with expertise in all
intended to reduce the risk and timing. Being too early to the market aspects of production and the ability
uncertainty that’s associated in finding can be as big a problem as picking the to find and develop impactful use
oil and gas in difficult geologies that wrong technology. We are dealing with cases,” suggested Jessica Driscoll,
have to be investigated. a niche market and investing other Head of Technology – Immersive, at
“3DGAIA helps the geologist by people’s money, but we are seeing the Digital Catapult.
bringing the field to the office,” she huge growth potential in this space. “With hardware becoming
explained. “We enable immersive “It’s essential that we look to more mobile and affordable, cross
learning and remote collaboration, support start-ups that are building the technology opportunities with both
which means it’s possible to connect products, platforms and enterprise 5G and AI, will help AR and VR
expertise from around the world. solutions of the future. Our aim at demonstrate the power and value of
“We use high resolution field Vive X is to help cultivate, foster immersive technologies.”
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SHOW REVIEW ISE 2020
T
he terms ‘audio’ and ‘visual’ “We have done some EMEA-wide
are naturally ambiguous terms, research of 10,000 consumers
as demonstrated by the 15 across 26 countries, asking them
halls needed to house over 1,000 about their awareness and response
exhibitors at the RAI Amsterdam to digital immersive technologies
convention centre for ISE 2020 such as projection, virtual reality,
(Integrated Systems Europe). holograms, even large flat screens
From the collaboration platforms at live events or attractions, retailers
of Teams, Zoom and BlueJeans to the and hospitality and got some really
capability to record, compress and interesting findings.
distribute content in 8K, the audio- “Generally, people want to have
visual sector is one that is continuing immersive digital technologies
to grow strongly. One clear trend this to engage with, they don’t want
year is that resolution is being pushed to watch anymore, they want to
throughout the industry. participate.”
This was exemplified by the release Epson had a demonstration
of the latest Samsung devices which of their technology, comprised of
have the capacity to record in 8K eight EB-L20000U laser installation
resolution, and with content so easy projectors, an 8-metre turntable and
to create, the conversation is now a huge box, and used projection
focussed on how to consume it. mapping software to create a 3D video
Christie, a visual display on the box at any angle.
manufacturer, demonstrated “Our research shows 80% of
projection mapping technology millennials and Gen Xers would be
intended to ensure that an image you might need a screen, happy to change their shopping
stays in the area in which it was it’s easier to interface and work with. behaviour and go into stores if there
intended to be seen with applications “The unique thing about LED is were more engaging experiences.
in immersive content or in museums it’s brightness. You can have [an LED “It’s definitely something that
and art galleries. wall] in areas where there is a lot retailers can embrace. We’re working
The company was also showing off of ambient light. Projection wouldn’t with some of the major retailers like
a new LED wall that had less than one typically be able to create that type IKEA, who are piloting the use of
millimetre between pixels, a metric of display where you would need projection that really enhances the
also known as pixel pitch. However, super brightness, for example in consumer’s purchasing experience.
Senior EMEA Channel development auditoriums.” “For instance, if you’re buying a
manager Miles Donovan said that LED Typically, due to these limitations, sofa you can see how projection can
and projection do not necessarily play projection has not found a home create different patterns you might
in the same area. in well-lit areas. However, with want to be interested in purchasing.”
“The market is constantly changing. the invention of laser projection
We know projection has its space and technology, it is possible to push Getting ahead of the game
it’s the best display technology for a brightness up to 50,000 lumens Panasonic used this year’s show
number of applications; but not all of almost removing its limitations. to demonstrate its capabilities to
them. With this ability, Epson corporate record, process, mix and produce an
“In places like smaller boardrooms, PR manager Bruno Rost, said that eSports event - eSports (also known
people might want a flat panel. It’s users would be more interested in as electronic sports or e-sports) is a
going to be a lower cost acquisition experiencing projected content, a form of sport competition using video
at the outset and actually, for the size trend that retailers are taking note of. games.
The company launched its first Controller want. So, if you wish to have a triangle
50,000 lumen project with only blue Panasonic used its own IP switching effective you can still send the video
lasers however, but at ISE they were platform in order to control the content to that.”
debuting a new, compact 3DLP LCD on screen. While such a system is Bandwidth was also on the mind
projector, with an output of 30,000 not necessarily new, both Xilinx and of Xilinx, who launched new machine
lumens. Vitec were showing off compression learning demos with the ability to
Thomas Vertommen, European technology that lowered the time it reduce the bandwidth needed to
product marketing manager for takes to distribute content distribute content by reducing the bits
projectors at Panasonic said, “At the to the desired screen. applied to the areas of the
end of December, we delivered the Vitec was promoting screen that would not
first 50,000 lumen projectors with its EZTV multicast naturally attract the
native 4K 3DLP, but with a light source solution that condenses human eye.
that, instead of the traditional laser content from the point However, capturing
phosphor, with only blue lasers, we or origin, or head that content is still key,
added a red laser on top of it. We end, sends it through a fact that Xilinx has
then changed the bandwidth of the to an edge server attempted to overcome.
blue laser so that it improves colour decompresses and Seeing the limitation
reproduction and opens up the colour distributes it to the of having a few or a
space.” single camera, Director
Vertommen also said that when it of Pro Audio, Video and
came to eSports presentations, the Broadcast business
set up can contain a mix of panels and and Consumer business
projection and also revealed that a Ramesh Iyer explained how the Xilinx
black projection screen can add to the ML system is giving more framing
content. options.
“If you do these types of events, “The machine learning engine
most of the time designers go for an combined with the video codec that
LED wall as a back screen. We are we’ve integrated, combined with a very
using a 50,000-lumen projector on a powerful ARM processor, a powerful
special black projector screen, which graphics engine, the FPGA fabric built
can achieve a much higher contrast, into the system allows our customers
and it attains the same brightness, infinite amount of flexibility into the
same colours or contrast as an LED end points. A solution that uses less way they want to deploy the solution.
wall but with the advantage that it is bandwidth to distribute the content. “For a person at a school sports
more cost efficient. “We have a true multi cast edge event, you only have one camera. But
“Projection is easier and quicker to to edge solution, which is why it’s when you want the viewers to see
set up because an LED wall takes a lot quite unique from the headend, which multiple angles of this camera, how do
of time to build and put together every is what’s bringing in your content, you do it? One option is you buy more
single tile, align it, make sure that all satellite, TV mass, we can then either cameras and install them but instead
of the signals are looped through. With take that through gateways or encode we’ve come up with a technique where
the combination of just a projector and it and make up the stream that you a single camera can focus on the
a screen, it’s not something that takes can then distribute. entire 4K frame and inside that frame,
hours or days. “Then we have bolt-ons to that “Projection you can have multiple 1080p HD
“Most importantly, if you look at ecosystem, one of which is digital is easier and windows based on what you want the
it from a camera perspective, it’s signage which is a fully integrated quicker to set up machine learning engine to focus on.
a lot easier to get better footage compliant digital signage product because an LED “You may want to focus on the
because you don’t have this pixel that works with the EZTV system and wall takes a lot of football, or you may want to focus
pitch, you don’t have the Moray means that any graphics and videos time to build and on ads, or you may want to focus
effect that always comes in. Normally can be put in a layout to suit your put together.” on somebody’s t shirt, or the player
cameras need to have some technical individual needs. Thomas himself or herself. The machine
developments to overcome that effect “Beyond that, we also have video Vertommen learning engine fits all of them into
but with a projector, it’s completely processing, which has the capability of different windows based on what it’s
irrelevant because that effect never having a display, put across multiple looking for. So, a single camera can
happens.” TV screens in any layout for what you then produce multiple outputs.”
www.blaize.com
www.pickeringtest.com
www.metcase.co.uk
www.danisense.com
www.ttieurope.com
www.danisense.com
AVX/Ethertronics’ low profile High-accuracy, aperture current
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lmo@danisense.com
@:
✆: linda.prosser@blaize.com
&: +41
+49 78 704
8142 29 67
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sensing the future,”
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communications applications,
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applications. as
ofOEMs require
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Onkyo Corporation. systems
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@: Bob.Nelson@latticesemi.com
@:
@: omc-sales@omc-uk.com
Doug.Hunter@latticesemi.com @: petra.beekmans@nexperia.com
@:
@: Bob.Nelson@latticesemi.com
Bruce.renouard@pre-switch.com
&: 408-826-6339
✆: +44 (0) 1209 215424
503-268-8512 &: +31
✆: 6 137 111 41
408-826-6339
+408-209-3251
New
New Round
Nicomatic TFTs
and offer a contemporary
Amphenol
SCALE-iDriver SiC-MOSFET appearance
Socapex conclude
GateanDriver
agreement OMC’s new
Nexperia
New hermetically-sealed
launches
all-in-one high-efficiency
electrical FDE851HLBF infra-red fibre optic
GaNtroubleshooting
FET with industry-leading emitter
performance
test tool
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1009133_V12_BWWCommunications.indd 1
Circular
Nicomatic TFTsandwith High Resolution
Amphenol Socapex and concludeGateanDriver 21/01/2020 09:47
OMC’sall-in-one
Proven new hermetically-sealed
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www.omc-uk.com
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New SCALE-iDriver SiC-MOSFET New electrical troubleshooting
wide
from viewing
agreementPower onangle.
the rectangular 1.27
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Maximizes infra-red
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Nexperia, the expert in discrete and MOSFET components and
3.4inch andEMM
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Nicomatic,and
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SiC MOSFET gate driver that delivers the highest manufacture,
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troubleshooting.
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company’s Electrical850nm Ground Support Equipment (E-GSE) TC50-eTool,
renowned
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output of rugged
gate current interconnection
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www.mansky.co.uk/products/display/tft/mipi-interface-tfts/
each company
system will deploy
efficiency anditsenables
own strategy and use itstoown
customers networksonly
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geographic area targeted.
differently-rated power inverters. A switching frequency of up to 150 kHz supports multiple applications.
@: c.chiffard@nicomatic.fr
@:
@: nw@mansky.co.uk
peter.rogerson@power.com @: omc-sales@omc-uk.com
@:
@: petra.beekmans@nexperia.com
n.mayaki@nicomatic.fr
&: +33
✆: +44(0)4
(408)(0) 50 36307733
1344
414-8573 13 85 &: +44-1209-215424
✆: +31 46 50
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PicoCore™MX8MN
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METCASE.
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8GB LPDDR4
equipment RAM, 512MB SLC NAND, 32GB eMMC
conversion,ortodayother desktop
announced instrument enclosures.
the delivery of its one- environment
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offers up to applications
1 GB RAM, 1 GB NAND Flash, and 32GB eMMC.
millionth
2x GigabitInnoSwitch™3
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can be fitted switcher IC featuring
to(802.11ac),
any type BT 5.0,the
of plastic company’s
orAudio,
metal
PowiGaN™ gallium-nitride technology. Nicomatic SA, the leading
Power Integrations 2manufacturer
(Nasdaq: POWI), theof high-performance
leader in 2 x CAN, 2 x 12C,
Touch, with
enclosure a wall thickness of up to 3Inmm.
an event at the
The feet are Available interfaces are x Gigabit-Ethernet, 2 x USB,
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easy headquarters
to install, requiring of three
just Ankerholes
Innovations, Power
in the enclosure 2interconnect
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orhigh-voltage its rugged
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panel. that require a significantlySID1181KQ
its automotive-qualified smaller footprint than the closest
SCALE-iDriver™ gate industry competitor now feature captive screw
millionth GaN-based IC to Anker CEO Steven Yang. Anker is a
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leading
footmanufacturer
is sized ø30 xof12chargers
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adapterscolours
standard for laptops, smart anthracite
are offered: mobile devices, set-toplight
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black (RAL 9005). FluxLink™ communications technology to ensure
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Operating systems supported are Linux, WEC2013/7 and Android. Long term availability to 2025.
@: nw@mansky.co.uk
@:
@: peter.rogerson@power.com
sales@metcase.co.uk @: peter.rogerson@power.com
@:
@: p.mcdavitt@nicomatic.com
nw@mansky.co.uk
&: +44
✆: +44 (0)1344
(408) 307733
414-8573
1489 583858 &: (408)
✆: 01344 414-8573
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307733
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