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Ml prmsmatm masfyb abs pmrkctm

pmrkctm km`cfatm
km`cfatm uaf rmolmxcøa
rmolmxcøa `bhukmatf`f
`bhukmatf`f y frjukm
frjukmatf`f
atf`f hbabhmr ml
 pfpml qum tcmam lf m`uhfhcøa pfrf lf dõsqum`f `m sbhcm`f`ms kæs cahluymatms y pfrtchcpftcvfs,

faflczfa`b f`mkæs ml rbl qum `mdmkbs tmamr lbs prbomscbaflms ma lf sbhcm`f` hbkb lë`mr, jmstbr y

kbvclczf`br `m prbhmsbs `m eustchcf sbhcfl, `m cahluscøa y prbkbhcøa `ml `msfrrbllb nukfab.

Yfrf rmflczfr ml prmsmatm masfyb sm `mdm tmamr hlfrc`f` `ml tmrkcab `m cahluscøa sbhcfl7 smjõa

Orfahb Afrfaeb, C. (496:).Ml hbahmptb `m cahluscøa sbhcfl, afhm `ms`m fltmraftcvfs `m sbluhcøa f

lbs prbdlmkfs `m mxhluscøa qum sm vmaëfa prmsmatfa`b ma lf sbhcm`f` kb`mraf, `m kfamrf qum

mstbs `bs hbahmptbs pb`rëfa smr fatøackbs ml uab `ml btrb.

Hufa`b nfdlfkbs `m cahluscøa nfhmkbs rmomrmahcf f vflbrms hbkb lf tblmrfahcf, ml rmspmtb y lf

sblc`frc`f`, pmrb sbdrm tb`b sm nfhm rmomrmahcf f lf fhmptfhcøa `m lfs pmrsbafs, sca ckpbrtfr sus

hba`ch
hba`chcba
cbams.
ms. Xca `cshrc
`cshrckca
kcafr,
fr, sca sbdrmp
sbdrmprbt
rbtmjm
mjmrr ac rmhnfz
rmhnfzfr
fr fl btrb
btrb pbr sus hfrfht
hfrfhtmrë
mrëstc
stchfs
hfs,,

amhmsc`f`ms, catmrmsms y pbtmahcflc`f`ms, y kuhnb kmabs, pbr sus lckctfhcbams7 hbkb fabtf

Nmwfr` (633:) “(...) pfrf sbdrmvcvcr, ua jrupb sbhcfl `mdm f`fptfr y kb`cochfr ml fkdcmatm ma ml

qum vcvm‛ (p. ?4).

 

Lf mxhluscøa ma Hblbkdcf sm nf prmsmatf`b y sm scjum kfacomstfa`b ma kuy `cstcatbs acvmlms,

lf nmkbs vcstb `ms`m lf hulturf brcjcafl `ml hbatcamatm, sus rrcqumzfs,

cqumzfs, y ma lf pblëtchf, y mstf sm nf

kfacomstf`b f trfvãs `m lf `cshrckcafhcøa, lf hulturf, lf mtacf, lf pblëtchf, lf ofltf `m m`uhfhcøa, lf

vulamrfdclc`f` `m lbs `mrmhnbs nukfabs, lf ofltf `m vflbrms, lf pbdrmzf m cahluscvm pbr pfrtm `ml

mstf`b ml hufl ab mstæ lcstb pfrf vmlfr pbr lbs `mrmhnbs `m lfs pmrsbafs qum sba bdemtb `m

mxhluscøa.

Lf mxhluscøa, lf `mscjufl`f` y lf pbdrmzf, sba lfs prbdlmkætchfs qum sbdrmsflma ma aumstrb pfës,

`ba`m rmcaf lf caeustchcf y sm scmatm ma hf`f rcahøa `m mstm tmrrctbrcb. Ma ml prmsmatm masfyb, sm

nfdlfr
nfdlfrff prcahc
prcahcpfl
pflkma
kmatm
tm `ml hbahmptb
hbahmptb `m cahlus
cahluscøa
cøa sbhcfl
sbhcfl y ml rbl qum sm `mdm
`mdm tmamr
tmamr hbkb
hbkb
 prbomscbafl ma lf sbhcm`f` hbkb lë`mr, jmstbr y kbvclczf`br `m prbhmsbs `m eustchcf sbhcfl, `m

cahlus
cahluscøa
cøa y prbkbh
prbkbhcøa
cøa `ml `msfrr
`msfrrbll
bllb
b nukfab
nukfab77 tfkdcã
tfkdcãa,
a, sm kma
kmahcb
hcbafr
afrfa
fa fljuafs
fljuafs hfusfs
hfusfs `m

mxhluscøa ma Hblbkdcf y ocaflkmatm sm kmahcbafrfa fljuafs fltmraftcvfs `m sbluhcøa `ms`m lf

 pmrspmhtcvf `ml mstu`cfatm qum `msfrrbllb pbr km`cb `ml fprma`czfem ma lf fscjafturf `m Cahluscøa

sbhcfl `m lf ]AF@.

Ma ml scjlb ^^C, lf m`uhfhcøa crrf`cf lf amhmsc`f` `m hbavmrtcr lf mshumlf hbkb hmatrb catmjrf`br 

ma uaf mshumlf cahluscvf y `mkbhrætchf. Ml kb`mlb cahluscvb pfrtm `m lf hbahmphcøa qum ab ms

amhmsfrcb catmjrfr sc prmvcfkmatm ab mxcstm smjrmjfhcøa. Yfrtcma`b `m mstf prmkcsf, lf m`uhfhcøa

ms matma`c`f `ms`m uaf pmrspmhtcvf nblëstchf y sm brcmatf ma sus præhtchfs y prbymhtbs m`uhftcvbs

f lf kmebrfr `m lfs castctuhcbams pfrf hbatrcducr f kctcjfr y rm`uhcr lbs prbhmsbs `m mxhluscøa

sbhcfl,
sbhcfl, qum `urfatm
`urfatm tfatb tcmkpb,
tcmkpb, nfa smpfrf`b
smpfrf`b f ua fkplcb hblmhtcvb `m acöbs,
acöbs, acöfs, eøvmams y
 

f`ultbs
f`ultbs ma sctufhcøa
sctufhcøa `m `msvmatfef
`msvmatfef y hba mllb f mqucpfrfr
mqucpfrfr sus bpbrtuac`f`ms
bpbrtuac`f`ms pfrf ofvbrmhmr
ofvbrmhmr su

 dcmamstfr pmrsbafl y sbhcfl hbkb kcmkdrbs fhtcvbs y pfrtëhcpms `ml jrupb.

Lf uacvmrsc`f` Afhcbafl, fdcmrtf y f @cstfahcf ]AF@, km`cfatm su kb`flc`f` nf lbjrf`b ml

`msfrrbllb `m ua fprma`czfem futøabkb, scjacochftcvb y hblfdbrftcvb pbr km`cb `m lf utclczfhcøa

`m kõltcplms mstrftmjcfs y obrkftbs `m fprma`czfem qum supmrma lbs lëkctms tmrrctbrcflms `m lfs

hbkuac
hbkuac`f`m
`f`mss lbhflm
lbhflms,
s, rmjcba
rmjcbaflm
flmss y afhcba
afhcbaflm
flms,
s, pfrf
pfrf ftma`mr
ftma`mr `cvmrs
`cvmrsfs
fs pbdlfhc
pbdlfhcbam
bams,
s, mtacfs
mtacfs y

hulturfs ma `comrmatms hbatmxtbs, pbr km`cb `ml usb pm`fjøjchb y `c`æhtchb catmascvb pmrb ab

mxhlus
mxhluscvb
cvb `m lfs aumvfs tmhablbj
tmhablbjëfs
ëfs `m lf caobrk
caobrkfhc
fhcøa
øa y `m lf hbkuac
hbkuachfh
hfhcøa
cøa,, hba kcrfs f

marcqumhmr lbs fprma`czfems hba dfsm ma lf frjukmatfhcøa y obrtflmhmr lf hulturf `m lf caabvfhcøa

y ml mkprma`ckcmatb.

Ml rbl qum sm `mdm tmamr hbkb prbomscbafl ma lf sbhcm`f` hbkb lë`mr, jmstbr y kbvclczf`br `m

 prbhmsbs `m eustchcf sbhcfl, `m cahluscøa y prbkbhcøa `ml `msfrrbllb nukfab ms fquml qum abs

`mem fvfazfr nfhcf uaf hulturf kæs cahluymatm, qum rmhbabzhf lf `cvmrsc`f`, ua rbl ma ml qum

 pb`fkbs f`bptfr hbkpbrtfkcmatbs `m fhmptfhcøa f lfs `comrmahcfs, fprbdfhcøa `m `cstcatbs

 puatbs `m vcstf fuaqum ab smfa sbpbrtf`bs hba aumstrbs frjukmatbs, hbkb prbomscbaflms, lc`mrms

jmstbrms y kbvclczf`brms `m prbhmsbs `m eustchcf sbhcfl `mdmkbs fprma`mr f rmhbabhmr, vflbrfr y

rmspmtfr fl btrb.