Training Report On: Flow Assurance: Challenges & Solutions For Mature Oilfields

TRAINING REPORT ON
FLOW ASSURANCE: CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS FOR MATURE OILFIELDS
CONTENT
S.NO
1. SUMMARY of 18th NOVEMBER 2019
1.1Introduction to Flow Assurance by Dr.Ashish Nagar
1.2 Flow Assurance Problems, their production chemistry, chemical intervention of flow
problems by Dr.Ashish Nagar
1.3 Gas Hydrates by Dr.Ashish Nagar
1.4 Case Study by Dr.Ashish Nagar
1.5 Oilfeild Production segments by Dr. A.K. Saxena
1.6 Chemistry of waxes,Asphaltenes and heavier deposition mechanism, emulsions and their roles by Dr. A.K.
Saxena.
2.
SUMMARY of 19th NOVEMBER 2019
2.1 Chemical Intervention of flow problems,choice of chemicals by Dr.Ashish Nagar

2.2 Case Study by Dr.Ashish Nagar
2.3Production enhancement through flow assurance, chemicals for flow assurance by Dr.
A.K. Saxena
2.4 Case Study by Dr. A.K. Saxena
3. Self-Learning
Prepared By Ms. Arpita Dey

Designation Officer-Technical
Department Mining & Refinery
Employee Code 9180
Location Patancheru
Training Duration 18-19 November 2019
Organizer
Course Co-ordnator Dr.Anil Bharadwaj:Ex-Group General

Manager(Chemistry),ONGC
TRAINING REPORT ON
1.SUMMARY of 18th NOVEMBER 2019
Presentation By Dr.Ashish Nagar

Discussion Topic Brief Description
1.1 INTRODUCTION to Flow Flow Assurance-ensuring the fluid flows as intended in a pipe or a well.
Assurance The term was coined in 1990 by PETROBRASS. Crude oil production from
the matured oil fields often gets constrained due to high flow line pressures
which reduces the total through put of the line and causes decline in the
productivity of the concerned well.
1.2 Flow Assurance Problems, their High Flow line pressure may be due to ;
production chemistry, chemical  Rheological properties of crude oil-Pour Point, Gel
intervention of flow problems Strength, Viscosity.
 Properties of crude oil and/or crude oil emulsions-
WAT,WDT, Wax content, SARA Analysis
 Temp. profile and shear rate condition in the pipeline-
Thermal history of oil can be determined by HTGC
 Water cut/flow rate of well-Avg.water cut in oilfield is
70-75%.
 Types of deposit-Asphaltenes,paraffins
 Surface conditions in the pipelines.
Wax Deposition control
 Mechanical-Scrappers,cutters,pigs,etc.
 Thermal-Steaming,Bottom hole heaters,circulation of hot oil/water
 Chemical(most efficient & economical)-solvent (Xylene,Solwax-
Xylene,toluene,Npthalene),Wax crystal growth inhibitors
1.3 Gas Hydrates Exploitation of gases like methane from gas hydrates because of their
potential as energy source.Gas.They cause plugging of pipelines Hydrate
inhibitors :
 Thermal Hydrate inhibitors like alcohols & glycols.
 Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors like amine & carboxylic group.
1.4 Case Study Pipeline cleaning by Exothermic reaction with NaNo2 & NH4NO3,: Temp.
obtained 125-140 deg.C at pH 5.4 after 45 min. of reaction.

Employee Code 9180
Location Patancheru
Organizer

TRAINING REPORT ON
Presentation By Dr.A.K. Saxena

1.5 Oilfield Production Segments Near Wellbore, Wellhead,Flowline , Group Gathering Station/Central tank form,
Trunk line.
Waxes are high molecular weight paraffins that crystallize from crude oil due to
1.6 Chemistry of waxes,Asphaltenes and decrease in fluid temperature .Wax in crude oil can be categorized into two
heavier deposition mechanism,emulsions broad classes :
and their roles  Macrocrystalline wax-less complex network,low melting point,Can be
inhibited/removed by chemical,thermal or mechanical means
 Microcrystalline wax-Complex network,high melting point,Diffficult to
inhibit/remove.
Crude oil emulsions are formed as oil is in contact with formation water which
is saline to varying degrees and oil/water have various other minor substances in
their composition which act as natural emulsifiers and fluid flow conditions
bring about thorough mixing and dispersal of one phase in another.
Oil must be demulsified as water causes problems such as :
Corrosion,coke deposition,foaming,increased power
consumption.
Dehydration treatment of Crude oil :
 Gravity Separation-Stoke’s Law
 Temperature effect:Heating of incoming oil/water stream
 Chemical destabilization/Demulsification : Attraction to oil/water
interface,flocculation,coalescence,solid wetting.

Employee Code 9180
Location Patancheru
Organizer

TRAINING REPORT ON
2.SUMMARY of 19th NOVEMBER 2019
2. 1.Presentation By Dr.Ashish Nagar

2.1 Chemical Intervention of flow Oilfield scales typically consist of one or more types of inorganic deposit
problems,choice of chemicals. along with other debris. Common types of scales and their chemistry and
treatment was discussed.
2.2 Case study Wax deposition removal with sol-wax :

 Diesel/Light oil/condensate : 68%
 Xylene :10%
 Toluene :20%
 Napthelene : 2%
 PPD : 1Barrel
Asphaltene deposition removal with sol-asph :
 Diesel/Light oil/condensate : 40%
 Xylene :30%
 Toluene :20%
 Napthelene : 10%

Employee Code 9180
Location Patancheru
Organizer

TRAINING REPORT ON
2.2Presentation By Dr.A.K. Saxena

2.3 Production enhancement Asphaltenes are complex molecules defined to be soluble in benzene and
through flow assurance, insoluble in n-alkanes with no definite melting point.Asphaltene exist in oil
chemicals for flow assurance. as a colloidal suspension and stabilized by resins adsorbed on their surface.
Asphaltene deposition control :
Mechanical : Scrapping
Chemical Cleaning : Organic Solvents
Asphaltene dispersants : Polymeric molecules increase asphaltene
stabilization in the crude oil.
Liquid PPDs are PPD s which remain liquid at room temperature are
used for improving the flow of oil and reducing the pour point.
Chemistry: acrylate ester,methacrylate ester, ethylene vinyl acetate
copolymer,maleic olefin alkyl half ester,etc.
Mechanism : Co-crystallize with paraffin crystalsand keeps paraffin
crystals in dispersed state in oil.
Different types of chemicals used in offshore operations were discussed.

2.4 Case study  Performance of Liquid PPD on DS3 Crude Oil
 HTGC study of Crude oil characterstics
 Physico-Chemical characterstics study of Crude oil from:
 Cold finger test in Assam Crude oil

Employee Code 9180
Location Patancheru
Organizer

TRAINING REPORT ON
3.Self-Learning
 Challenges faced in oilfield due to flow assurance was discussed and understood
in detail.
 Wax Chemistry and wax deposition problems and control mechanism was
discussed and understood.
 Asphaltene Chemistry a nd asphaltene deposition control mechanism was

discussed and understood.
 Scale formation and scale inhibition technique was discussed and understood.
 Gas hydrates and their current exploration techniques were discussed and
understood.
 Emulsion formation in oilfield, their problems and demulsification techniques

were discussed and understood.
 Different chemical treatment required in offshore were discussed and

understood in brief.
 Role and chemistry of PPDs, surfactants, dispersants, Corossion inhibit ors,

demulsifiers were discussed and understood in brief.

Employee Code 9180
Location Patancheru
Organizer


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TRAINING REPORT ON

FLOW ASSURANCE: CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS FOR MATURE OILFIELDS

1. SUMMARY of 18th NOVEMBER 2019

1.1Introduction to Flow Assurance by Dr.Ashish Nagar

2.1 Chemical Intervention of flow problems,choice of chemicals by Dr.Ashish Nagar

Prepared By Ms. Arpita Dey

Course Co-ordnator Dr.Anil Bharadwaj:Ex-Group General

1.SUMMARY of 18th NOVEMBER 2019

Presentation By Dr.Ashish Nagar

Prepared By Ms. Arpita Dey

Course Co-ordnator Dr.Anil Bharadwaj:Ex-Group General

Presentation By Dr.A.K. Saxena

Prepared By Ms. Arpita Dey

Course Co-ordnator Dr.Anil Bharadwaj:Ex-Group General

2.SUMMARY of 19th NOVEMBER 2019

2. 1.Presentation By Dr.Ashish Nagar

Discussion Topic Brief Description

2.2 Case study Wax deposition removal with sol-wax :

Prepared By Ms. Arpita Dey

Course Co-ordnator Dr.Anil Bharadwaj:Ex-Group General

2.2Presentation By Dr.A.K. Saxena

Discussion Topic Brief Description

Different types of chemicals used in offshore operations were discussed.

Prepared By Ms. Arpita Dey

Course Co-ordnator Dr.Anil Bharadwaj:Ex-Group General

 Asphaltene Chemistry a nd asphaltene deposition control mechanism was

 Emulsion formation in oilfield, their problems and demulsification techniques

 Different chemical treatment required in offshore were discussed and

 Role and chemistry of PPDs, surfactants, dispersants, Corossion inhibit ors,

Prepared By Ms. Arpita Dey

Course Co-ordnator Dr.Anil Bharadwaj:Ex-Group General

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