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    DEBALEENA MUKHERJEE
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    22 views11 pages

    GSB Permeability Studies - RASTA - IH - April - June - 2016

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    DEBALEENA MUKHERJEE

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11
    Paper No.6s5 Study on Permeability of Granular Sub-Base (GSB) Material by Field and Laboratory Model DG. Kaitha (6 37578), Krishnamurthy (eLM 100561) & 8. Srinivasa Mth (LM 100560) ‘AISTRACE Thema nection of Grau Subse Course (GSB) see neff daags yer aden sre ‘ssn lays, Wht eshte te riage characte he GSBauass ac bo tear ‘pono smeasar tn peeabty vals of te GSB mies with Nona Maioun seep sos NURS oe 26S a above Jn view of is rz pecans develops comm cao ‘eon ities GSB mins recommen nthe Mistry of oad Tespr & Highways (MORTEM, S* Rec "pals fr Ral & Bg wos” Fur aid mel was devel ca cereale aay ‘sont sme GSB mies. The pees vas obi a Wh ee apoacis anche er ad ‘oar The pest sus band fom eo tet pyres aed way. Whee eases fo, ‘Swiss bet ase and discs, he say ead noe ua encoons yoni tobe enn ee ‘Badan esmeded n MORTENL KEYWORDS: orzo Pome, Hyd cin Laban Fedde INTRODUCTION (7) vars tutes apc reormenda SB mien 41 Background effective drainage based on Development Projects in India "he Gana sb bse etmaten af trmceey Sea ae care(H)srondedabove yale aang ed Seton fe ie sbyee of renee o MOMMA. material ng" cushea Serve Doh og Suc gyi sents on sz wh any to meer of ete pve taenets often he et Breen na as2 Greinage ember howererRisntclear Pasty, are being adopted in ittertrRoaa ange rere ctor Ge {0 ere deve work by the Ministry Of Road sence theresa needtocheck study GSB mixes with non feomarts Sp foes nese poo onan paneer persue anna Vishal be used as a sub base | aust, cum drainage layer”. The | cont'S aay specification Includes the |,Jsomsegy Par Sreen teoe SSrength requirements, lauid Hint (LL) and plasticty index Dournal of the Indian Roads Congress, Apri-hune 216 333 been used to study the drainage characteristics, Wile the standard permeameter for measuring vertical permeabity in the laboratory is used for materials of size less than 4.75mi, there is no standard test by which the permeability (of G58 mixes having greater aggregate sizes can be checked. In view ofthis, Lab and field models were developed to measure and compare the permeability results. 1.2 LITERATURE REVI- Ew ‘The UK Department of “Transport (1990) introduced large permeameter consisting of a steel box capable of ‘accepting a specimen of size approximately, 1.0m x 0.3m x (0.3m. The permeameter was used to determine the horizontal permeability of ‘embankment drainage layers, Capping materials and sub- bases which are used for road ‘onstruction. A series of tests generally gave much larger measured values in the horizontal permeameter than in the vertical permeameter. Jones and Jones (2989) HA41/90(D0T1990) Introduces 2 horizontal permeameter to measure the permeability of aggregates used in drainage layers. This permeameter works for ‘material having DSO up to ‘30mm. The permeameter cll 's of dimension 1.0m x 0.3m x 0.3m. Where the sample was ‘compacted using a vibrating hammer. A lid with bar stiffeners and neoprene foam placed on top of the aggregate surface was used to seal the top of the compaction mould. After the specimen was saturated, tests were ‘conducted at various hydraulic ‘gradients. Test resuits showed 2 satisfactory basis for the measurement of permeability Laminar flow occurs at ow velocities, At higher veloc, 2 transitional (unsteady laminar) flow occurs which ‘nally becomes turbulent as the velocity increases stl further For turbulent ow the discharge velocity i proportional ov. In practice, the range of valty (of Darcy's law, v = Ky, (where vedischarge velocity, hydraulic gradient, coeficert of permeabilty ) is best determined directly by experiments. Earler work has shown that 37.5mm down ‘materalshaving a permeabiity of appreximately 10? m/s, confirm to Darcy's Law at hydraulic gradients upto about 0.05 (ones, RH and and Jones 1989). ‘According to Cedergren (4994), the life of a poory- ‘rained pavement is reduced to 1/3 of less of the ife of a well-drained pavement. The coefficient of permeability Increases up to 40,000 times f the base material is ‘composed of coarse open- graded aggregate of 0.5-1.0 ‘ize compared to sand. The snge of coefficient of permeabity Is recommended to be 3.5cm/s (10,000 f/day) 35 cm/s(100,000 ft/day) for an oper-graded aggregate base (Cedergren, 1994). Shackelford, C.D and Javed, F, conducted small scale and large scale ermeablty tests on samples of compacted clay sol. The large seale permeability tests were contucted in double ring riod permeameters of 0.914m X 0.914m X 0. 457m and the small scale permeabiity tests were conducted In standard proctor noulds of 9.44x10-4 334 “Journal ofthe Indian Roads Congress, Aprillune 2016 ‘The permeabilty for all so fractions measured in the large scale permeameter was 0.6 to 2.4 orders of magnitude higher than the values measured in the small scale permeameter. ‘According to FHWA (1990) 2 base layer with @ minimum value of 0.35 cm/sec (1,000 flday)should provide excellent rainage, David N. Richardson, determined the drainability characterises of several types ‘of unbound granular materials used in the pavement bases. Hydraulic conductivity was determined for aggregates from two sources of crushed stone and two sources of gravel. Open gradations were tested in a rigid wall permeameter and dense ‘gradations were tested in a flexible wall permeameter. The average hydraulic conductivity for the open graded material was 3.6X10" cm/s and for dense grade it was 3.0X10* ‘cm/s, respectively. Four regression equations were developed which were compared with the widely quoted Federal Highway ‘Administration (FHWA) equations, which significantly underestimated the observed values by a factor of three or more in most cases, 1.3. OBJECTIVES To Compare the permeabilty characteristics of afferent GSB mixes by both lab and field model studies, 2.0 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS. 2.1 Materials & Methods Aggregates of different sizes were collected from 2 ‘ingle source, Tippagondanahall quarry near Magadi_ in Bangalore. In the present study gravel with plastic fines was completely avoided and Instead, non plastic quarry ‘crush was adopted. Rothfutch method of propertioning was ‘adopted to match afferent GSB ‘gradations recommended in the MORTAH specications, for better simulation of insitu mixing. The aggregate were tested for water absorption, and was found to be 0.5%, (< 286), The MORTAH and the [AASHTO gradations that were considered for the present study are shown in Table 1 and “Table 2. “wo test approaches were planned, 9) Laboratory studies in a horizontal permeameter mould of size 0.6mx0.30mX0.30m, to determine horizontal permeabilty in the laboratory and i) Field Model studies simuiating the inst conditions, to measure fed permeability 2.2 Laboratory Studies A orzontal mould with 2 cross section dimension of 0.6m X 03m X 0.3 m was fabricated. This permeameter mould has perforated brass plates of 3mm thickness at @ distance of 0.15m from bath the inlet and outet end of the Journal ofthe Indian Roads Congress, Apri-June 2016 335 ee aRntmnTean eon woe sana Soe one Gorin pecan: Thee peat ietetens See anne atioumiera ens eee Cae Se eens cece with non woven geotextile of reading was obtained. A Model stee! box, with 2 200 Gram per Square metre Permeability was determined by ‘T9Ss section dimension of 2.0 (GSM) to prevent the fines Darcy's equation, at 3 different ™ X 1.5m X 1,0 m was from flowing out and clogging hydraulic gradients, for al the @bricated. The effective the plates, Since the hydraulic six gradations given in MORTH Pavement area available is 1.5 paler peat ates te Someshly rete oats era be eae oder nd aon Vakaas guns Penn ee ct ct aoe fed tothe omens Swe fan! es webtabe! sos ceeser ase tan ates Romcecmree ne Sous ue reoter Srnec res toe eeceemrsee 4.0% and 5.0%, (Jones RH, esta 9) Te reas ionlt neon ep eae ious Stews her leauranciearatcs eereeee eros mouse Seva pri ear aees ies th predetermied ans danas maximum dry density (MDD) os man ome eee gl cee eer amet eee 336 Journal ofthe Indian Roads Congress, ApritJune 2016 m1 X 1.5 m. 2 vertical porous plates (of Smm dia @ 10mm spacing) are provided on both sides to form a channel of 0.25m on ether side (Fig 3 & Fig 4). The brass plates are lined wth non woven geotextle ‘oF 200 Gram per Square metre (GSM) to prevent the fines {rom cogging the porous plate, Inlet and outlet valves were provided tothe mould (FIG S) for supply and discharge of ater during testing, In order to test under varying hyéraulic ‘gradients, the field model was raised on one side to the required height, with the help of an hydraulic jack set up as shown in FIG 5. Different gradations of 638 mixes recommended by MORTAH, viz, Grade I, Grade 1, Grade Il, Grade 1V, Grade \, Grade VI and American gradation AASHTO 57, were first tested independently in two layers of 150 mm thickness each. These ‘gradations were aso tested in 4 combinations having an open ‘graded lower layer as the drainage layer and a dense ‘graded top layer, as a structural layer. The varus combinations tested were 1) Grade III+ Grade V; 2) Grade II + Grade Vi; 2) Grade IV + Grade V; and 4) Grade 1V + Grade VI ‘The horizontal permeabiity of the solurated GSB mixes was determined by Darcy's ‘equation using the quantty of water cischarged through the GSB layers and collected FIG3 Plan ofthe Field Model used for Field Permeability Test a FIGS View of hydraulic ack used for proving slope tothe a ‘mixin the model box 5ournal of the Indian Roads Congress, April-June 2016 337 through a rectangular notch of | dimension 0.26mx0.15mx 0.025m (FIG 6). Tests were carried out for tree differant hydraulic radints viz, 2.5%, 3.5% and 4.0%. Due to the limitations of the field set up, the maximum hydraulic radient was limited to 4.0%, The time tal ken to collect 10ltres of water was measured Until @ constant reading was ‘obtained. The permeability was determined for the 3 diferent ‘TABLE 1~Grading of Granular Sub-base materials as per Table 400-1 of MORTBH (5® Revision) FIG 6 Water discharged through the sample collected through "arectangular notch TS Sieve size in mm|_Percent by Weight Pessing 1S Sieve Grade | Grade | Grade | Grede | Grade | Grade 1 0 m1 WV v vi 5 00 100 00 33 ‘80-100 | 100 300 80-100 | 100 265) 55-90_| 70-100 | s5-75__| 5080 | 5590 | 75-100 95 3565) 50-60 3565 | 5575 475 2555 | 4065 | 1030 | 1535 | 2550 | 30-55 2.36 20-40 | 3050 |. [1020 [40:25 085 ( 2410 (045 10-15 Os 08 (0.075 s

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