Selenium Webdriver Cheat Sheet Cheat Sheet: by Via

Selenium WebDriver Cheat Sheet Cheat Sheet
by Narayanan Palani (Narayanan Palani) via cheatography.com/32112/cs/9838/
Driver Initialization Selenium Locators (cont)
Firefox (Below v.47) Refer System.setProperty("webdriver.geck‐ Locating by DOM Refer dom =document.getElementById('sign‐
Part2-Page58 o.driver", "PathTo\\geckodriver.exe"); Part2-Page39 inForm')
Download from https://gith‐ WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDr‐ Locating by CSS Refer driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("#r‐
ub.com/mozilla/geckodriv‐ iver(); Part2-Page40-43 ightbar > .menu > li:nth-of-type(2) >
er/releases h4"));
ChromeRefer Part2-Page59 System.setProperty("WebDriver.chro‐ Locating by ClassN‐ driver.findElement(By.className("prof‐
me.driver", System.getProperty("us‐ ameRefer Part2-Page37 ile-header"));
er.dir")+"//BrowserDrivers//chromed‐ Locating by TagNam‐ driver.findElement(By.tagName("sel‐
river.exe"); eRefer Part2-Page37 ect")).Click();
Download from https://site‐ WebDriver driver = new ChromeDri‐
Locating by LinkTe‐ driver.findElement(By.linkText("NextP‐
s.google.com/a/chromium.o‐ ver();
xtRefer Part2-Page37-40 age")).click();
rg/chromedriver/downloads
Locating by PartialLi‐ driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("N‐
Internet ExplorerRefer System.setProperty("WebDriver.ie.d‐
nkTextRefer Part2-Pag‐ extP")).click();
Part2-Page59 river", "PathTo//IEDriverServer.exe"); e37-40
Download from The Internet WebDriver driver = new InternetExpl‐

Explorer Driver Server at orerDriver(); Selenium Exceptions
http://docs.seleniumhq.org/‐
'Server Exception : sessionId should Replace Chrome Driver
download/
not be nullRefer Part2-Page160 with Latest Version
Safari Driver WebDriver driver = new SafariDri‐
ERROR: No sessionId providedRefer Use Jenkins
ver();
Part2-Page160
Selenium Locators UnreachableBrowserExceptionRefer Registry Key Changes

Part2-Page160 Recommended
Locating by ID Refer Part2-‐ driver.findElement(By.id("q")).send‐
Page37 Keys("Selenium 3"); Illegal state exception using Selenium Get latest Firefox Gecko
3Refer Part2-Page161 Driver
Locating by NameRefer driver.findElement(By.name("q")).se‐
Part2-Page37 ndKeys("Selenium 3");
Annotations
Locating by XpathRefer driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[‐
Part2-Page37/38 TestNG @BeforeSuite @AfterSuite @BeforeTest @AfterTest
@id='q']")).sendKeys("Selenium 3");
@BeforeGroups @AfterGroups @BeforeClass @After‐
Locating Hyperlinks by driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("edit Class @BeforeMethod @AfterMethod
Link Text Refer Part2-Pag‐ this page")).Click();
JUnit @After @AfterClass @Before @BeforeClass @Ignore
e38/39
@Test
By Narayanan Palani Published 15th November, 2016. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

(Narayanan Palani) Last updated 23rd October, 2020. Learn to solve cryptic crosswords!
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palani/
Execute Javascript Page Loading Strategy
Executes an asynchronous piece of executeAsyncScr‐ normal ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new

JavaScript ipt() ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setP‐
Executes JavaScript executeScript() ageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.N‐
ORMAL); WebDriver driver = new
Code Example:
ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
if (driver instanceof JavascriptExecutor) {
eager: When setting to ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new
((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("alert('hello world');");
eager, Selenium ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setP‐
}
WebDriver waits until ageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.E‐
DOMContentLoaded AGER); WebDriver driver = new Chrome‐
Take screenshot
event fire is returned. Driver(chromeOptions);
Capture the screenshot and store getScreenshotAs
none: When set to ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new
getScreenshotAs — used to Capture the screenshot and store it in none Selenium ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setP‐
the specified location. This method throws WebDriverException. WebDriver only waits ageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.N‐
copy() method from the File Handler class is used to store the until the initial page is ONE); WebDriver driver = new Chrome‐
screenshot in a destination folder. downloaded. Driver(chromeOptions);
Code Example:
The document.readyState property of a document describes the
TakesScreenshot screenShot =(TakesScreenshot)driver;
loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold
FileHandler.copy(screenShot.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE),
off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until
new File("path/to/destination/folder/screenshot.png"));
the document ready state is complete
By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the
Cookies
normal pageLoadStrategy.
addC‐ driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("foo", "bar"));
ook‐ Handle alerts: (Web-based alert pop-ups)
ie(arg)
driver.switchTO().alert.getText() to retrieve the alert
getC‐ driver.manage().getCookies(); // to get all cookies
message
ook‐
driver.switchTO().alert.accept() to accept the alert box
ies()
driver.switchTO().alert.dismiss() to cancel the alert box
getC‐ driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo");
ook‐ driver.switchTO().alert.sendKeys(“‐ to send data to the alert
ieN‐ Text”) box
amed()
dele‐ driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("foo");
teC‐
ook‐
ieN‐
amed()
dele‐ Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("test2", "cookie2");
teC‐ driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); driver.manage().de‐
ookie() leteCookie(cookie1); // deleting cookie object
dele‐ driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); // deletes all cookies
teAllC‐
ook‐
ies()

palani/
Find element VS Find elements Materials (cont)
driv‐ When no match has found(0) throws NoSuchElementEx‐ Part3-Software https://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Selenium-

er.f‐ ception when 1 match found returns a WebElement instance Automation Web-Accessibility-Testing/dp/1949449432/
in‐ when 2+ matches found returns only the first matching web Testing Secrets
dEl‐ element Revealed
eme‐ Udemy Course- https://engineers-hub.teachable.com/
nt() Selenium
driv‐ when no macth has found (0) returns an empty list when 1 Udemy Course- https://engineers-hub.teachable.com/
er.f‐ match found returns a list with one WebElement when 2+ ISTQB Test
in‐ matches found returns a list with all matching WebElements Automation
dEl‐ Engineering
eme‐
Useful Commands https://medium.com/@madhankumaravelu93/‐
nts()
(Credits: Madhan selenium-cheat-sheet-a-comprehensive-list-‐
K) of-selenium-commands-fa4c5c9d11ab
Selenium Q&A
Useful Commands https://qascript.com/selenium-webdriver-co‐
(Credits: Bijan mmands-cheat-sheet/
Patel)
Practice Scripts
Launch driver.get("www.webdriverinselenium.com");
https://www.udemy.com/course/certified-selenium-tester-foundation/
WebpageRefer

Part2-Page60
ISTQB Advanced Test Automation Engineering
Click Button‐ driver.findElement(By.id("submit")).click();
Refer Part2-Page60
Store TextRefer String txtDropdown = driver.findElement(By.ID‐

Part2-Page60 ("select")).getText();
Enter TextRefer driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='Fi‐

Part2-Page61 rstName034']")).sendKeys("NarayananPalani");
https://engineers-hub.teachable.com/p/istqb-advanced-level-test-au‐
tomation-engineer-professional-training-with-q-a Handle Alert Alertpopup = driver.switchTo().alert();
AlertRefer Part2-‐
Page62
Materials
Selenium Certification https://isqi.org/en/54-certified-selenium-‐ (Mouse)Cli‐ driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@value='O‐

tester-foundation.html ckRefer Part2-‐ BJECT NAME']")).click();
Page62
Selenium Certification https://engineers-hub.teachable.com/
Q&A Compare Assert.assertTrue(chkbox12.isSelected());
Part1-Software https://www.amazon.com/Software-Auto‐ TextRefer Part2-‐
Page64
Automation Testing mation-Testing-Secrets-Revealed/dp/1‐
Secrets Revealed 729432506/
Part2-Software https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/17‐
Automation Testing 29432379/
Secrets Revealed

palani/
Practice Scripts (cont) Keyboard and Mouse events
Disable a driver.getElementsByName('<ObjectID>')[0].setAtt‐ keyboard keyDown(); keyUp(); sendKeys()

FieldRefer ribute('disabled', ''); events
Part2-Page64
Mouse clickAndHold(); contextClick()// — performs the mouse
Enable a driver.getElementsByName('<ObjectID>')[0].rem‐ events right-click action; doubleClick(); dragAndDrop(source,ta‐
FieldRefer oveAttribute('disabled'; rget); dragAndDropBy(source,xOffset,yOffset); moveBy‐
Part2-Page64 Offset(xOffset,yOffset); moveByElement(); release()
Screenshot‐ File snapshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getS‐ Code Example:

Refer Part2-‐ creenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
Page64 Action actions = builder
.moveToElement("login-textbox")
FileUtils.copyFile(snapshot, new File("C:\\screen‐
.click()
shot.jpg"));
.keyDown("login-textbox", Keys.SHIFT)
Print the Title String pagetitle = driver.getTitle(); .sendKeys("login-textbox", "hello")
of the .keyUp("login-textbox", Keys.SHIFT)
PageRefer .doubleClick("login-textbox")
Part2-Page68
.contextClick()
System.out.print(pagetitle); .build();
Implicit driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
WaitRefer TimeUnit.SECONDS); actions.perform() ;
Part2-Page69
Element validation
Explicit WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,
WaitRefer 20); isEnabl‐ determines if an element is enabled or not, returns a
Part2-Page70 ed() boolean.
isSelec‐ determines if an element is selected or not, returns a
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresent‐
ted() boolean.
InElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@id='<Object
ID>']"), "Enter Your Personal Details")); isDispl‐ determines if an element is displayed or not, returns a
ayed() boolean.
Fluent Wait wait = new FluentWait(driver)
WaitRefer
Part2-Page70 Handle multiple windows and tabs
getWindowHandle() used to retrieve the handle of the

.withTimeout(20, SECONDS)
current page (a unique identifier)
Sleep Refer
Thread.Sleep(10);
Part2-Page70 getWindowHandles() used to retrieve a set of handles of
the all the pages available
driver.switchTo().window‐ switch to a window
(“windowName/handle”)
driver.close() closes the current browser window
driver.quit(); This method Closes all windows
opened by the WebDriver.

palani/
Switch Frames Desired Capabilities-Chrome
Mentioning the frame index number, driver.switchTo.frame(int

the Driver will switch to that specific frameNumber) DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapa‐
frame bility(“browserName”, “chrome”); caps.setCapability(“browserVer‐
Mentioning the frame element or ID, driver.switchTo.frame(‐ sion”, “80.0””); caps.setCapability(“platformName”, “win10”);
the Driver will switch to that specific string frameNameOrID) WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(caps); // Pass the capabilities
frame as an argument to the driver object
Mentioning the frame web element, the driver.switchTo.frame(‐

Desired Capabilities-Firefox
Driver will switch to that specific frame WebElement frameElem‐
ent)
Switching back to the main window driver.switchTo().defa‐ DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities(); caps.setCapa‐
ultContent() bility(“browserName”, “firefox”); caps.setCapability(“browserVersion”,
“81.0””); caps.setCapability(“platformName”, “win10”);
Get methods in Selenium WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(caps); // Pass the capabilities
as an argument to the driver object
getTitle() used to retrieve the current title of the webpage
getCurrentUrl() used to retrieve the current URL of the webpage
getPageSou‐ used to retrieve the current page source of the
rce() webpage
getText() used to retrieve the text of the specified web
element
getAttribute() used to retrieve the value specified in the attribute
Navigation
Refresh Page driver.navigate().refr‐

esh()
Navigate forwards in the browser driver.navigate().forw‐
history ard()
Navigate backward in the browser driver.navigate().back()
history

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Selenium WebDriver Cheat Sheet Cheat Sheet

by Narayanan Palani (Narayanan Palani) via cheatography.com/32112/cs/9838/

Driver Initia​liz​ation Selenium Locators (cont)

Download from The Internet WebDriver driver = new Intern​etE​xpl​‐

Selenium Locators Unre​ach​abl​eBr​ows​erE​xce​pti​on​Refer Registry Key Changes

By Narayanan Palani Published 15th November, 2016. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

Execute Javascript Page Loading Strategy

Executes an asynch​ronous piece of execut​eAs​ync​Scr​‐ normal Chrome​Options chrome​Options = new

By Narayanan Palani Published 15th November, 2016. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

Find element VS Find elements Materials (cont)

driv​‐ When no match has found(0) throws NoSuch​Ele​men​tEx​‐ Part3-​Sof​tware https:​//w​ww.a​ma​zon.co​m/A​dva​nce​d-S​ele​niu​m-

Store Text​Refer String txtDro​pdown = driver.fi​ndE​lem​ent​(By.ID​‐

Enter Text​Refer driver.fi​ndE​lem​ent​(By.xp​ath​("//​inp​ut[​@na​me=​'Fi​‐

Selenium Certif​ication https:​//i​sqi.or​g/e​n/5​4-c​ert​ifi​ed-​sel​eni​um-​‐ (Mou​se)​Cli​‐ driver.fi​ndE​lem​ent​(By.xp​ath​("//​inp​ut[​@va​lue​='O​‐

By Narayanan Palani Published 15th November, 2016. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

Practice Scripts (cont) Keyboard and Mouse events

Disable a driver.ge​tEl​eme​nts​ByN​ame​('<​Obj​ect​ID>​')[​0].s​et​Att​‐ keyboard keyDown(); keyUp(); sendKeys()

Scre​ens​hot​​‐ File snapshot = ((Take​sSc​ree​nsh​ot)​dri​ver​).g​etS​‐ Code Example:

getWin​dow​Han​dle() used to retrieve the handle of the

By Narayanan Palani Published 15th November, 2016. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

Switch Frames Desired Capabi​lit​ies​-Chrome

Mentioning the frame index number, driv​er.s​wi​tch​To.f​ra​me(int

Mentioning the frame web element, the driv​er.s​wi​tch​To.f​ra​me(​‐

Refresh Page driv​er.n​av​iga​te(​).r​efr​‐

By Narayanan Palani Published 15th November, 2016. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

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Driver Initialization Selenium Locators (cont)

Download from The Internet WebDriver driver = new InternetExpl‐

Selenium Locators UnreachableBrowserExceptionRefer Registry Key Changes

Executes an asynchronous piece of executeAsyncScr‐ normal ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new

driv‐ When no match has found(0) throws NoSuchElementEx‐ Part3-Software https://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Selenium-

Store TextRefer String txtDropdown = driver.findElement(By.ID‐

Enter TextRefer driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='Fi‐

Selenium Certification https://isqi.org/en/54-certified-selenium-‐ (Mouse)Cli‐ driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@value='O‐

Disable a driver.getElementsByName('<ObjectID>')[0].setAtt‐ keyboard keyDown(); keyUp(); sendKeys()

Screenshot‐ File snapshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getS‐ Code Example:

getWindowHandle() used to retrieve the handle of the

Switch Frames Desired Capabilities-Chrome

Mentioning the frame index number, driver.switchTo.frame(int

Mentioning the frame web element, the driver.switchTo.frame(‐

Refresh Page driver.navigate().refr‐