BasicNeuro

anatomicalPathways

Necroanulomicalpathways spinocerebellartracts
some decussate al pyramid
Majority
Ascending Descending onconscias proprioceptive Minority carries impsicaleracy
sensation
auditory visual Helps braincoordinatedretine Seara Kline's
Malangamosaic
special sensepathway movements functionhanyu bisadicek
di extremities
Ascending Musculoskeletal
systemto
cerebellum 2orders
conscious Anterolateral UMW andLMN
Dorsalcolumn composed of 4pathways cortexuntil
mediallemniscuspathway
Mconscios spinocerebellar Somalotropic arrangement

Afferentintoaboutlimb
Anterolateral movement

pain temppressure crudetouch Cuneocerchellor neckhopperextremity

1 1 Dorsalspinocerebellartract
lateral anteriorspinothalamic coverextremity
tract intoofspinalcordinternecronactivity
depictsamounta activity inDescendingpathway Corticobolbartracks
Decussate inspinalcordupon ventraltract lowerextremity varioustracts thathavethemotor

entry medulaspinalist Rostraltract P Perextremity part ofcranialheroes

3orderof neurons c
manyinnervate bilaterally
Clinical significance
Facialnerve bilateral4contralateral
Descendingtrack 12 Hypoglossalnerveonlycontralateral
DUUL pathway pyramidal
corticospinal These areinnervated bilateracy
corticobdbantraas
proprioception vibration fine Decussate before
bythe facialnerve
discriminative touch lowerface innervated contralateral
Pyramidjustto
oopperface innervatedbilaterally
Decussate inmedullaoblongata classifythetract

extrapyramidal
3order of neurons Rubrospinal
Vestibulospinal
Extrapyramidal traits
Tectrospinal Connects withvarros basal
Reticulospinal
ganglia
ANS

corticospinal
Motorinpuseforvoluntarymovements
tolimbs trunk
limbs lateral tract
trunk anteriortract
Lesions ofspinalcordand
Manifestations

Transversecordlesion
Sensory
below
sensation
Diminished level oflesion ALL
Motor
isinterruptedmotertonationbelowlesion Acc
Hemi
cordlesion Broun Seward
Sbndrone
Anterior
spinothalam
blowleveloflesions
Sensory ipsilateralhemiplegia
lossofpain4Temperature contralateral pressure3crudetouch
s Dlossa proprioceptionvibrationcrudetouch4pressure
Op Centralcordlesion SMALL
sensory
Daul
pathway bilateralsensorylosstopaintTemperature

Centralcordlesion large
sensory
lossof Allsensorymodalitiesbelowlesion
IExcept genital
areasacralsparring
Motoric
GUNDeficits leveloflesion
UMNreticin belowleveloflesion

Specialsenses pathway
Auditory hvisual
Posteriorcordsyndrome
issensory
lossofvibration proprioceptionfinetouch belowleveloflesion
it damagelargeenough lateralcorticospinaltractdamagedTuneIkness
Anteriorcordsyndrome
sensor
y
D lossorpain3Temperature Allbelowthelesion
lossofpressuredcrudetouch l l1
Motoric
Linnweakness1 at Iemotlesion
Damagedcorticospinaltract UMWweakness belowleveloflesion

UpperMotorneuronus LowerMotorNeuron damage

UMNDamage ishypothesized damagedinhibitorypathwaysof corticospinal
tract
Manilesiation Hyperretlexia CtforBabinskiHoffmann TMuscular
tonespasticity muscleweakness

LMNdamage isdamage toanteriorhorn

Manifestation s paralysisatrophy fascinations
hyporetlexia flaccid
muscleweakness
 Neuropsychiatry class
visuospatial
lesions
cognitivefunction generally Righthemisphere
causevisuospatial aeticib
Attention abilitytoattendtoa specific
stimuliwithoutbeingdistracted ftp9 examinations
cm region

byinternal externalenvironment Bisection online

copyofgeometricdesign
Basic anatomy clockdrawingtest
languageexamination visuospatialattention
cortical Areas spontaneous speaking executivefunction planning

I t Nontluent

Thalamy
T b
ARAS brainstunt languagecomprehension

Attention Dysfunctions Repetition

Assessplanning patients
patientrepealsstatement wuddraw
12 3,6 9 first beforeothers

Naming Assessabstraction
Anomiacommoninaphasia drawjam11.10becausethey
needtothink wheretoputthe
Mostcommoncause Paraphasia
longdshorthandofclockcorrectly
braindysfunction
Diffuse incorrect speaking
at
Prefrontal cortex function
extensivebilateralcorticaldamage syllables
Moodalterations initiation
unilateral
by
Problem
neglect righthemisphere languagedysfunction solving
lesions Dysarthria Planning
Ddisturbancetoarticulate shiftingatidea
ADHD words Abstraction
Bys
prosody
language screening toolsforcognitivefantion
Apraxia MMSE
Basictoolforhumancommunication1basic Moot
building block for cognitivefunctions Aphasia newer
impairedproduction 1comprehension moresensitive
Correlatedwithdominanthemisphere atspokenlanguage emphasisonmemoryandexecutive
function
righthanded 99 lefthemispheredominant
lefthanded 704LH 13 RH others Memory consolidation
clockdrawingtest
mixed patiention
1
repeatstorage GPCOG
lesion todominanthemisphere Stimuli isimmediate recent symptoms of dementiascreener
Aphasia remotememory

Modalities oflanguage strongerc onsolidation

Reading
difficultto
writing measure
Fluency
EYakm.info
comprehension
involvemorespecific
Repetition
warning brainregion
 Functions Nondominant parietallobe Dementia
lateralneglect
Contre acquired generalized progressive

unable toperceive stimulus impairment at cognitivetinction

denial 1ignorance interierewith
abilitytofunction at
visuospatialdysfunction workorgoalactivities
Bloodseppy difficulttodrawconstruct declinefrompreviouslead of

ACH Medialports simpleobjects function

aperformance
superiordivision atMut Topographicaldysorientation
deepports Notexplained
byDelirium or
Temporallobe majorpsychiatricdisorders
Symptoms blood Sepply
contralateralweakness damageto MTC put Mild cognitiveimpairment
motorcortex LateralTL luck incipientstageofdementia
hemiporesis dfacial
weakness symptoms

baitapraxia is damagetopremotord Receptivedysphasia

area
supplementary motor visualdisturbance
damagetoopticradiation
deviation damagetoTEF Quadrankenopia
arise
eye
conjugate
may
botheyelookto Memory impairment
sideoflesion criteria
Emotionaldisturbance ormoreimpairmentof cognitive
Expressive limbicsystemdamage domains
dysphasia damagetoBroca
auditoryagnosia preservation ofindependence in
functionala ctions
tersonality change damageto PFC lesiontonondominant
allereubehaviourMasato hemisphere
problemsome cannot
recognizesooner
Anosmia damagetointerior
tunnellone differentiate
disturbedolfactory
pathway
corticaldeafness
Himitive
reflex usuallyinhibited
bypre abilaterallesionofprimaryauding EarlyManilesiation
eg impairedrecentmemory
graspingsoakingpouting Konex
Depression
incontinence
ofurine feces lossofcortical Occipital lobe Latemanifestation
inhibition 0 PCAbloodSepply Moreprominentpsychiatric
symptoms
dominantparietallobe
Syndromes of symptoms Frontotemporaldementia

ContralateralhomonymsKlemionopia preferentiallyatlectbehaviour una

Deceptive
dysphasia cortical blindness language

damagetoWernicke
area bilateral occipitallesions behavioural
variant FTD
impairedspeech4written canoccurinAutonsyndrome semantic
receptiveaphasia eattatiyienporai.io
comprehension tomenialthatpatientisblind
Gertsmann syndrome VisualAgnosia diticuttoidentity emmfh
ifaylriwgftaidyra.ua
depression

damgged angular
gym impairedperceptionoridentification progressivenonfwent
aphasia
fingeragnosia left rightdysorientation visual illusion expressiveaphasia
dysgraphia dyscalculia Macropsia ormicropsia latemanifestationofbehaviour
Symptoms

Bilateralideomotor ideational
apraxia
inabilitytocarryout sequenceoftasks
4
Normalcomprehension intactmotor1sensoryfunction
 P og
Lewy Bodydisease
PDwithdementia
Dementiaoccur
atleast 1year
onsetofPDmotorsymptoms
Dementia w lewy
bodies

onsetofdementiawithin 1
yearatonsetofPD
lebin berbarengan

Normal pressureHydrocephalus
communicating problem
way
back cse
intaking

clinicaltriad
Dementiaincontinence
gaitapraxia
Vpshunt totreat

Amnestic syndrome
chronicamnesia
alcoholicKorsakoffamnestic
syndrome

Acuteamnesia