PerDev Module 1-4

Senior High School
Personal
Development
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Knowing Oneself
Personal Development – Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Knowing Oneself
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Compiler/ Contextualizer: Anna Hazel A. Vasaya and John Paul J. Kapuno
Editors/Reviewers:, Alice Ganar, Roy Guarin, John Paul

Lesondato, Marilou de la Cuesta, Daisy Von Dy and
Florinda Geyrozaga
Management Team:
Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Ed.D
Schools Division Superintendent
Grecia Bataluna
Chief, Curriculum Instruction Division
Dr.Luis Derasin Jr.

EPS-Araling Panlipunan/ Division SHS Coordinator
Mrs. Vanessa Harayo, LLB.

Division EPS In Charge of LRMS
Department of Education – Schools Division of Cebu City, Region VII
Office Address: New Imus Road, Day-as, Cebu City

Philippines
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
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Personal
Development
Knowing Oneself
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Personal Development Module on Knowing Oneself!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal,
social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Personal Development Module on Knowing Oneself!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
FIRST QUARTER
MODULE 1, WEEK 1
KNOWING ONESELF
Content Standard : The learner demonstrates an understanding of

himself/herself during middle and late adolescents.
Performance Standard : The learner shall be able to conduct self-
exploration and simple disclosure.
Learning Outcomes : Upon completion of the module, the student
(Syllabus) is expected to conduct a self-concept inventory and
share their unique characteristics, habits and
experiences.
Competencies : 1. Explain that knowing oneself can make a person
(MELC) accept his/her strengths and limitations and dealing
with others better.
2. share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and
experiences.
Competency Code : Esp-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.1, EsP-PD11/12-Ia-1.2
What I Know
Let us try to check how far you have known about yourself in the past by
answering these few questions. You may write your answers in any size of paper.
Just write the letter of your correct answer.
1. The following are elements of self except ___________.
a. sensations b. curiosity c. body d. emotions
2. The philosopher who said that the beginning of knowledge is self-
knowledge___________.
a. Plato b. Socrates c. Walt Whitman d. Rumi
3. The following are the characteristics of a teenager who is aware of his or her
strengths except __________.
a. shy b. emotionally mature c. dependable d. competent
4. The transition period from childhood to adulthood is _________.
a. puberty b. adolescence c. childhood d. adulthood
5. The union of different elements that constitute individuality and identity of
a person is _______.
a. body b. emotion c. self d. sensation
6. Which is not a characteristic of a self-actualized person?
a. open-minded b. pessimistic c. concern d. realistic to self and others
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7. The ability to reflect and think about your own thoughts, feelings, actions is
called _______.
a. introspection b. reflection c. awareness d. actualization
8. You may further develop your knowledge and skills through ________
a. effective time management c. effective study habits
b. stress management programs d. all of the above
9.Physical attributes and the psychological make-up of a person are due to ___
A. environmental factors B. heredity
a. Only letter A is correct c. Either A or B is correct
b. Only letter B is correct d. Both letters A and B are correct
10. Listening to the feedback of others is important because ______.
a. their ideas are better than yours
b. it is difficult to describe who you really are
c. you cannot trust your own judgement about yourself
d. it allows you to validate your perception about yourself
Time is up..! Let us see if your answers are correct as you explore
this module. And your journey starts now…..
What I Need to Know
Welcome Senior High School students to this module…your journey towards

knowing yourself better as a person. This module will guide you in recognizing your
strengths and weaknesses and soon after acquiring self-confidence that you need for
self-development.
Isn’t it exciting, right? So, for you to further understand the entire lesson of
the module, let me share to you the learning objectives of this module. At the end of
this lesson you can:
▪ explain that knowing yourself can make you accept your strengths and
limitations and deal with other people better
▪ share your unique characteristics, habits, and experiences.
What’s In
Hello senior high school students! It is time to know each other. I would like
you to write about yourself by answering the following basic questions:
1. What is your name?
2. Where do you live?
3. When is your birthday?
4. Who are your parents?
5 minutes is given for you to answer those questions. Your answers to those
questions would tell who you are based on the basic information. But, do you really
know more about who you are as a person? Let us start your journey towards
knowing yourself better.
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What’s New
Before you discover yourself more, I would like you to know yourself first by
doing this first activity entitled “My Unique Self-Draw a Symbol”. Just follow the
instructions given below .
In a short bond paper, you draw a symbol/s that would best illustrate your
thoughts and feelings that make yourself a unique individual. Write a short caption
about your illustration.
What is It
Adolescence period is considered as a challenging stage in one’s life because

it is the transition phase from childhood to adulthood. Although most individuals
pass through adolescence without excessively high levels of "storm and stress," many
have experience trouble or difficulty. Why? Is there something unique about this
developmental period that puts adolescents at risk for difficulty? Some of the negative
psychological changes associated with adolescent development result from a
mismatch between the needs of developing adolescents and the opportunities
afforded them by their social environments (Eccles, et al.) In this note, it is important
to know better yourself so as not to experience such trouble.
Defining the Concept of the Self

According to Plato, the
beginning of knowledge is self-
knowledge. Other ancient philosophers
define self in many ways but today, let
us talk about the concept of the self.
Self is the union of elements that
constitute individuality and identity of
a person, namely:
• body- constitute your
physical attributes, your
Photo retrieved 07/20/2020 @ https://medium.com/the-
health, and your posture ascent/the-importance-of-knowing-oneself-and-3-ways-to-do-
and poise; so-bcbfac002aed
• thoughts- the way you think, and how you perceive things around you;
• feelings or emotions- how you feel about the things around you; and
• sensations- a widespread reaction of interest and excitement about
something.
The union of these elements makes up your character or personality and
essentially distinguishes you from others. No two individuals are exactly alike thus,
YOU are UNIQUE...! and that makes you special. Self-awareness starts with
assessing yourself so, to further know yourself, it is important to pause for a while
and analyze what you feel, think, and do. Your ability to reflect and think about your
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own thoughts, feelings, actions is called introspection which is essential in
understanding and improving yourself.
Your physical attributes such as height, skin complexion, temperament and
the likes may be inherited from your parents. On the other hand, the environment
where you grow and the people around you may contribute as well in your attitude
like how you behave on a given situation. Furthermore, environment and hereditary
factors have contributed in the physical attributes and psychological makeup of a
person.
Identifying Your Strengths and Weaknesses

No one is perfect. Everyone has their
weaknesses and limitations just like
you right? Thus, it is never good to
compare oneself with others because it
will only cause frustrations as there
will always individuals gifted with more
traits and qualities. To avoid
discontentment and dissatisfaction, it
is better to focus on what one has. As
Photo retrieved 07/20/2020 @ others would say “positive lang bawal
https://www.canstockphoto.com/illustration/weakn
ess.html ang nega”.
Identifying your strength and weaknesses can provide you with more
information about yourself. In determining your strengths, you are:
1. more empowered to do developmental tasks such as capable of
establishing mature relationships with others, emotional independent,
demonstrate responsible behaviors;
2. Equipped with skills essential in making wise decisions in life;
3. Able to analyze complex situations logically and sensibly; and finally
4. More confident in doing your tasks and become more competent in
achieving your goals.
On the other side, knowing your weaknesses gives you the chance to know
your limitations and so you can identify situations where you have to say no to a
certain situation you are into. Perhaps you can already identify your weaknesses,
but the challenge is, what do you do with these limitations? Remember that becoming
more aware of your weaknesses is just a starting point of self-development. You must
find ways to enhance your capabilities and transforming your weaknesses into
strength. How? Read some tips below:
1. Accept your weaknesses and limitations as a person;
2. Keep on trying especially on the things you think you are weak;
3. Develop your knowledge and skills by improving your study habits and
keep doing the skills you are good at;
4. Acknowledge your little successes and achievements; and
5. Develop positive attitudes or outlook in dealing with life’s challenges.
Please read the text below for you to work on your weaknesses and build your
strengths.
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BUILD ON YOUR STRENGTHS AND WORK ON YOUR WEAKNESSES
Most failures emanate from weaknesses that are not recognized or probably
recognized but not given appropriate attention or remedy. This could be a weakness
in communications, personality or ability. Instead of giving up or indulging in self-
pity, take action. Go for speech lessons, get skills upgrading, attend personality
development sessions or whatever appropriate remedies to your perceived weakness.
Instead of simply focusing on your weaknesses, recognize your own talents
and abilities, build on them, utilize them to your greatest advantage. This is where
you can build your name and popularity. Handicapped people like Jose Feliciano and
other blind singers did not brood over their physical handicap. They recognized that
they have a golden voice so they search for ways to enrich that talent and now they have
won international fame in the field of music.
Source: Roldan, Amelia S. 2003. On Becoming a Winner: A Workbook on Personality Development and Character
Building. AR Skills Development and Management Services (SDMS), Paranaque City, Metro Manila. (DepEd Personal
Development Module page 5-6)
Remember that it is in understanding yourself that you become more capable

of actualizing your potentials to the fullest.
What’s More
Activity: SELF-CONCEPT INVENTORY
Take a look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-concept
inventory in your journal. Give yourself a rating using the scale: 0 = very weak; 1 =
weak; 2 = somewhat weak or somewhat strong; 3 = strong; 4 = very strong. Write
your answers in your journal notebook.
___1. I have strong sex appeal.

___2. I am proud of my physical figure.
___3. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome.
___4. I exude with charm and poise.
___5. I am easy to get along with.
___6. I can adjust to different people and different situations.
___7. I am approachable; other people are at ease and comfortable with me.
___8. I am lovable and easy to love.
___9. I am a fast learner, can understand with one instruction.
___10. I am intelligent.
___11. I have special talents and abilities.
___12. I can easily analyze situations and make right judgments.
___13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
___14. I have a clean conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
___15. I have integrity and good reputation.
___16. My friends and classmates can look up to me as a model worth emulating.
___17. I can express my ideas without difficulty.
___18. I talk in a persuasive manner that I can easily get people to accept what I say.
___19. I can express my ideas in writing without difficulty.
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___20. I am a good listener.
___21. I am emotionally stable and not easily rattled when faced with trouble.
___22. I am logical and rational in my outlook and decisions.
___23. I feel and act with confidence.
___24. I am a mature person.
Scoring: Copy this table in your journal. Write your score opposite to each number
and get the subtotal.
Physical appeal Human Relations Intelligence
1 __________ 5 __________ 9 __________
2 __________ 6 __________ 10 __________
3 __________ 7 __________ 11 __________
4 __________ 8 __________ 12 __________
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
Character Communications Maturity
13 __________ 17 __________ 21 __________
14 __________ 18 __________ 22 __________
15 __________ 19 __________ 23 __________
16 __________ 20 __________ 24 __________
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
Source: Roldan, Amelia S. (2003). On Becoming a Winner: A Workbook on Personality Development and Character
Development Module page 1-2)
What I have Learned
From the result of your self-concept inventory, interpret your own result by
considering the information below.
How do you perceive yourself?

Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the following
questions.
1. In what areas do you consider yourself strong (with score 14-16) or
somewhat weak (with score of 10-13) and very weak (with score below 10).
2. Are these qualities you consider as your weakness, but to other people
consider as your strength? What are these?
Development Module page 2)
What I can Do
Example: A lady can say “I`m ugly” yet other consider her very charming. Or
conversely, one can have the illusion of saying “I am very intelligent or competent”
when most of his ideas sound unreasonable or illogical to most of the people. There
is indeed a big difference between what you see in yourself (real self-image) and
what is projected in the eyes of the others (your social image).
1. How realistic is your self- image?
2. To what extent does it reflect your real self?
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Write your answers in your journal notebook.
Development Module page 2)
Assessment
How are you Senior High Students? I hope that you have unlocked yourself after
exploring the module. Now, you will answer the questions below and be careful
because this is a formative assessment meaning this is graded test. Read and analyze
each item and carefully select the correct answer by writing the letter on your journal
notebook.
1. The following are elements of self except ___________

a. curiosity b. sensations c. body d. emotions
2. According to _______, the beginning of knowledge is self-knowledge.
a. Socrates b. Rumi c. Aristotle d. Plato
3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a teenager who is aware of his
or her strengths?
a. competent b. emotionally mature c. dependable d. shy
4. The transition period from childhood to adulthood is _________.
a. puberty b. adolescence c. childhood d. adulthood
5. The union of different elements that constitute individuality and identity of
a person is _______.
b. body b. emotion c. self d. sensation
6. Which is not a characteristic of a self-actualized person?
a. open-minded b. pessimistic c. concern d. realistic to self and others
7. The ability to reflect and think about your own thoughts, feelings, actions is
called _______.
a. introspection b. reflection c. awareness d. actualization
8. You may further develop your knowledge and skills through ________
a. effective time management c. effective study habits
b. both statements a and b d. none of these
9. The following are the ways to enhance your capabilities except _______.
a. develop positive outlook or attitudes
b. you need to think of how others see you
c. develop your knowledge and skills by improving study habits
d. accept your weaknesses and limitations
10. Listening to the feedback of others is important because ______.
a. Their ideas are better than yours
b. It is difficult to describe who you really are
c. you cannot trust your own judgement about yourself
d. it allows you to validate your perception about yourself
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11. “No two individuals are exactly alike” this means _______.
a. twins have the same characteristics and talents
b. you can do what your father can exactly do because you have similar
characteristics
c. Your mother has fair skin complexion, and so you inherited this physical
characteristic from her
d. You may have the same qualities as your brother or sister, but there are
certain things that only you or he can do
12. By identifying your weaknesses, _______________.
A. you are more equipped with finding solutions to your problems
B. you become more capable of actualizing your potentials to the fullest
C. you can find ways to further improve your personality
a. Only statements A and B are correct c. All statements are incorrect
b. Either statement B or C is correct d. All statements are correct
13. Assessing oneself includes _________.
A. Identifying your strengths and your weaknesses
B. Finding ways to overcome your weaknesses
a. Both statements are false c. the first statement is incorrect
b. Both statements are correct d. only the second statement is correct
14. Physical attributes and the psychological make-up of a person are due to __.
A. environmental factors B. heredity
a. Only letter A is correct c. Either A or B is correct
b. Only letter B is correct d. Both letters A and B are correct
15. By knowing yourself more, you ________________________.
a. can better cope with the demands of life
b. can be easily influenced by your peers
c. find it difficult to change your practices
d. tend to easily give up
Additional Activities
Kudos Senior High Students you are almost done in module 1.

After knowing yourself better in this module, you are instructed to express yourself
through a:
1. poem or song composition
2. drawing or illustration
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Answer Key
b 8.
10. d c 5. 15. a a 7.
9. d b 4. 14. d b 6.
8. d a 3. 13. b c 5.
7. a a 2. 12. d b 4.
6. b b 1. 11. d d 3.
What I Know 10. d d 2.
9. b a 1.
Assessment
References
Books:
Cleofe, Myreen P. (2016). Personal Development. Makati City, Philippines:

Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
Caparas, Maria Vida G. 2018. Personal Development Discovering the Key to

Success. Quezon City, Philippines: Abiva Publishing House Inc.
Personal Development Module from the Department of Education. First

Edition 2016.
Citation:
Eccles, Jacquelynne S., Carol Midgley, Allan Wigfield, Christy Miller
Buchanan, David Reuman, Constance Flanagan, and Douglas Mac Iver. n.d.
"Development during adolescence: The impact of stage-environment fit on
young adolescents' experiences in schools and in families." American
Psychologist 48 (2): 90–101. Accessed 7 2, 2020.
http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/48/2/90/.
Internet:
www.canva.com
https://medium.com/the-ascent/the-importance-of-knowing-oneself-and-3-
ways-to-do-so-bcbfac002aed
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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Personal
Development
Developing The Whole Person
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FIRST QUARTER
MODULE 2, WEEK 2
DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON
Content Standard : The learner demonstrates an understanding of the

various aspects of holistic development: physiological,
cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and social
development.
Performance Standard : The learner shall be able to illustrate the connections
between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a
person’s holistic development.
Learning Outcomes : Upon completion of the module, the student is
(Syllabus) expected to write the physiological, cognitive,
psychological or emotional, social, moral or spiritual
changes and its implications to life.
Competencies : 1. evaluate his/her own thoughts, feelings, and
Behaviors.
2. show the connections between thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors in actual life situations.
Competency Code : EsP-PD11/12DWP-Ic-2.2, EsP-PD11/12DWP-Ic-2.3
What I Know
But…let us start first with a short pre-test to assess your previous knowledge.
You may write again your answers in any size of paper. Write TRUE if the statement
is correct, and if incorrect change the underline word/s to make the statement
correct.
1. An urge of independence is felt during adolescence stage.
2. During adolescence, most teenagers gradually seek for their identity.
3. Physical attractiveness is one major concern among adolescents.
4. Psychologists believe that our thoughts influence our feelings and behaviors.
5. Testosterone is an estrogen that is strongly associated with the physical
development of girls, such as deepening of the voice, widening of the
shoulders, and increase in height.
6. Obesity is commonly associated with hormonal changes.
7. Boys usually start their growing spurt earlier than girls.
8. Estradiol are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that
actively affect physical growth and development.
9. Widening of the hips is caused by the hormone called estradiol.
10. Release of spermarche among boys indicates sexual maturity.
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Ooops…! It is over…Don’t you worry because you can still answer this pre-test
during your vacant time.
What I Need to Know
Hello Senior High School students and welcome back to the second wave of
your journey towards knowing yourself more. This module will help you to become
more aware of the various changes that you have encountered in your adolescence
life. With these changes you will be directed to find ways in coping with the challenges
of growing up and understand further its implications to you as a person.
So, are you excited now in acknowledging the fact that you have grown up as
a teenager? Then, please read the learning objectives of this module 2 before you will
start again the journey. At the end of this lesson you can:
▪ write the physiological, cognitive, psychological or emotional, social,
moral or spiritual changes; and
▪ share your personal ways on how to cope with these changes in life as
a teenager.
What’s In
Welcome back senior high school students in your next journey of knowing
yourself better! You have learned in the previous module that the concept of self is a
result of the interplay of the different elements of your personality namely; body,
thoughts, emotions, and sensations. The challenges that you are going through today
as a teenager will serve as your motivation of becoming the person you will be in the
future.
Word Association Activity:
When you hear the word adolescence, what word or phase directly comes into
your mind? (You may write your answers in your journal)
What’s New
It is now time to explore the world of the adolescence stage. Get your journal
and write at least two (2) changes of the different aspects of holistic development that
you have observed with yourself.
Aspects of Holistic Development:
1. Physical/Physiological 4. Social
2. Cognitive 5. Moral/Spiritual
3. Psychological/Emotional
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What is It
Adolescence is referred to as the teenage years, which start at the age of

twelve (12) and end at the age of twenty-one (21). The beginning of the physiological
development is shown by the onset of puberty. There are children who experience
puberty as early as the age of nine (9). What is puberty then? Puberty refers to the
physical transformation that a child experiences as sexual maturity is reached. It is
at this stage that the child may be overly concerned with appearance and body image
(Lewis 2015).
There are myriad of words to be associated with the word adolescence like
happy go lucky, lots of friends, going out constantly, but others would say a period
where there are lots of responsibilities. Moreover, this life stage of the teenagers is
very crucial because it is a transition from one stage to another (Hurlock, 1982). The
physical, psychological, and other aspects of development changes have effect
inevitably. Teenagers usually strive to establish their personalities to prove that they
are adults already however immediately and disappointingly. They see things around
them as they want to see them, which can also be disappointing. More so, rejection
is a primary issue during adolescence.
The sense of belongingness is a struggle, the feeling of being unaccepted, and
being alone place the teenagers to a difficult situation which may result to peer
pressure, easily influenced by peers. All these contribute to the teenagers’ heightened
emotionality. Frustrations and other negative emotions can possibly make
adolescence a problematic or challenging period of many teenagers. Hence, proper
guidance and constant follow-up from their support system like parents and other
special people around them is very important.
But all of these wonders and challenges make an important crossroad in your
journey in life. Now, let us understand the different aspects of development of
adolescence.
Physical or Physiological Changes

What would a person look like when he/she grows up? That depends on
heredity. The genes he/she got from
his/her parents contribute in the
physical appearance of a person.
However, there are distinct physical
changes that among teenagers.
Changes among boys; eventually grow
larger than girls, muscles grow, testes
or gonads rapidly grow bigger for a year
during early pubescence, the penis
also grows markedly, voice becomes
husky, and there is production and
release of spermarche, when they
experience nocturnal emissions or wet Photo retrieved 07/20/2020 @https://tinyurl.com/y5tzdjaz
dreams. This is an
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indication that their male reproductive organs have become mature in function and
that they are already capable of reproduction.
While the changes among girls; start their growth spurt earlier than boys, the
uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and vagina, grow rapidly during puberty, menarche,
or the first menstrual period, marks a girl’s sexual maturity and is indicative of her
capacity to be pregnant, more melodious voice, hips become wider and rounder
which resulted in the enlargement of their pelvic region, and breasts also develop
and muscles grow in size and strength.
Androgens and Estrogens are hormones or chemical substances produced by
endocrine glands that actively affect physical growth and development. These
hormones are present in both males and females. However, each of them functions
more strongly in one sex than the other. Testosterone an androgen that is strongly
associated in the physical maturation of boys. Increased level of testosterone in males
is related to changes in height, deepening of voice, and development of genitals, as
well as sexual desires and activities. Estradiol An estrogen that is strongly associated
in the physical development of girls such as widening of hips, and breast and uterine
development. Sebaceous glands cause acne and other skin problems and apocrine
glands produce perspiration that results in body odor. These hormonal changes
especially among girls may trigger weight gain and is often associated with obesity.
Physical attractiveness is one of the major concerns of teenagers. According
to Stice and Shaw (2002), only few adolescents experience body-cathexis or
satisfaction with their bodies. They do things to prove that they are attractive.
Further, below are the implications of physical changes among teenagers:
 May trigger weight gain and often associated with obesity
 Their concerns about their physical appearance may also increase
 May realize that some people treat those who are attractive better than those
who are less attractive.
 Many adolescents do various things to prove to themselves that they are
attractive which may put their safety, health, and even their life goals at risk
 It also explains why some teens are shy and cumbersome in appearing in
public as well as in expressing their ideas.
 Some are too conscious to do even simple activities such as walking along
the school corridor, and even sensitive to criticisms.
 Some teenagers have low self- esteem and lack of self-confidence.
Remember that it is in understandable to get affected by these body changes.
The challenge is how to cope with these changes? You just need to have some
adjustments- on how you view the things that are happening in your body both inside
and outside. You may put emphasis on personal hygiene to reduce acne and body
odor. Perform physical exercises and activities to avoid being fat and be fit instead.
Yet, it is only through self-acceptance that you become brave enough to face the
“whole new you”.
Cognitive Changes
Cognitive development refers to the progression of one’s ability to think ang
reason out, adolescents develop the ability to think and interconnect things in
relation to problem solving. During adolescence, your brain goes through significant
structural development stages as well. The neurons in the corpus callosum thicken
14
and connect the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere of the brain, making the
brain process information faster and more effectively.
Development is also observed in the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in
decision-making, reasoning, and controlling one’s emotions. Likewise, amygdala, the
seat of your emotions such as anger, sadness, and happiness, matures much earlier
than the prefrontal cortex. Thus, while your amygdala is already developed to
recognize your emotions, your prefrontal cortex is not yet adequately mature to
reason and understand your experiences objectively and may fail to control intense
emotions. Hence, your feelings or emotions sometimes dominate your capacity to
think logically. However, as the cognitive apparatuses develop, teenagers become
more capable of thinking abstractly, instead of thinking only of today which may lead
to:
• Ask a lot of questions, not only about yourself but also about everything
around you
• No longer comfortable with simple explanations but you look for a deeper
meaning of things
• Express their doubts about their parents parenting style as well as the
principles and beliefs of their family
• Compare the parenting styles at home and that of the peers.
These may result to being pickle-minded or tendency of being undecisive and leads
you to explore and experiment. Moreover, the fast-changing decisions prompt
teenagers to engage in risky behaviors such as cutting classes, cheating, smoking
and or drugs, drinking alcoholic beverages, lying, computer game addiction, and even
stealing. In this manner, you are encouraged to pause and study your situation
before making any unnecessary actions or decisions. It is of great help if you consult
a trusted adult like your parents, brothers or sisters, your teachers, or any confidant
regarding your situation.
Psychological or Emotional Changes

According to Hurlock (1982), adolescence, as a transition period, has often
been described as a period of “storm and stress”. You get easily excited with some
situations, but you also tend to easily show your irritation. Emotional maturity
should be achieved by the end of adolescence. The indicators that you have finally
achieved emotional maturity are:
a. You know how to express your emotions in a socially acceptable manner
b. When you face difficult situations, you exercise critical thinking and not
being emotionally carried away
c. You realize that lessons can be learned from each challenging experience
d. You become less reactive to provocations and emotionally heated
situations.
These realizations are important in your journey toward self-actualization.
Social Changes
One of the key concepts crucial in the study of adolescence is identity crisis.
Based on Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development, the period of adolescence
is the most challenging and turbulent stage in the framing of the identity of an
15
individual. He espouses that the struggle in forming one’s identity and the confusion
of roles attached to it occurs around the time when adolescence happens. On the
other hand, social pressures and demands add to the stress and storm of the
adolescence stage. Here are some of the social changes you may experience please
take note:
1. Your attitude, speech, interests,
appearance, and behavior are
greatly influenced by your
peers, as you spend more time
outside your home.
2. You may prefer fewer friends
and intimate relationship and
become curious about
relationships with the opposite
sex and experience physical
Photos retrieved 07/20/2020 @ attraction.
https://thinking.umwblogs.org/2020/04/24/cockta
il-party-effect-with-children/
3. You are more socially competent and tend to participate more in social
gatherings which is manifested in your ability to carry on conversations,
behave properly in front of people, and have confidence to share your talents.
4. Your need for belongingness is manifested in this stage.
However, the need of belongingness if not handled well, this may lead to peer
pressure, you conform to the standards of your peers or the expectation that you
need to comply to the standards of your peer groups without considering the
consequences. This is shown when you are easily influenced by others like giving in
to drinking alcoholic beverages, playing computer games, and strolling in the mall.
Worst cases is when you give in for cutting classes, smoking, taking illegal drugs,
and perform sexual activities because of peer pressure, the fear of being labelled as
“kill joy” and the fear that they may “unfriend” you in the group.
You need to make social adjustments to overcome challenges. What do you
need to do to successfully make social adjustments? Enhance your social skills by
carrying yourself gracefully in front of others, and just enjoy the company of your
peers. To cope up with social pressures, you should also learn to clarify your
limitations, and learn to say no so that you maintain self-reliance.
Moral or Spiritual Changes

Morality means “a set of guiding principles that direct a person in the pursuit
of what of right or wrong and what is good or bad.” The development of the adolescent
in the moral aspect shows the fruition of these guiding principles and is manifested
by the concrete application of these guidelines in daily life (Oswalt 2015). Moral
development starts with obeying your elders when you are still a child to more
internal, moral thinking during adolescence. According to Kohlberg, adolescents
should have attained the postconventional reasoning or have developed moral
reasoning based on the universal human rights. This means that adolescents must
be able to stand on what their personal conscience dictates them to do. For example,
16
you already know that cheating is bad and that giving answer to your classmate
during test is wrong. But your classmate who is your friend and popular in the school
ask an answer from you during the test. And even whisper to you that if you will not
give the answer he would “unfriend” you. You know that if you will not give the
answer you will be left out in the social activities in school. What would you do? What
would your personal conscience tell you to do?
Assessing the given situation, teenager would easily give in and just give the
answer right away. However, if we base our judgement through the post conventional
morality reasoning, you should stand on your ground, do what you think is right,
and perceive the situation as a personal decision based on the personal codes you
instill in your mind. According to Hurlock (1982), adolescents who deviate from their
general principles and act upon the wishes of others even though these are wrong
are more likely to suffer from self-condemnation. Therefore, having developed a
sound conscience or the inner force that makes external controls unnecessary
(Hurlock, 1982) plays an important role in assuming responsibility in your life.
Moreover, being focused will assist you in your journey on how you want to live your
life. Your moral judgement becomes clearer when you see your purpose in life.
What’s More
Activity: YOU are YOU

Please go back to your answers in the What’s New part of this module. I would
like you to continue that activity following the format below .
Changes You Have Your Coping Mechanism
Aspects of Holistic Development Experienced (How did you cope with those
(at least two) changes in you?
1. Physical/Physiological
2. Cognitive
3. Psychological/Emotional
4. Social
5. Moral/Spiritual
What I have Learned
I want you to share your learnings/realizations from this module by

answering the following in your journal notebook:
1. I learned that _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. I realized that _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
17
What I can Do
Activity: THE PAPER COLLAGE

To further appreciate your traits, abilities, and talents as a teenager do
this activity! This activity will help provide you the opportunity to look deeper
into your role as a teenager and analyze the importance of this stage in your
life.
Instructions:
1. Prepare the following materials:
a. Board paper d. old magazines or newspaper
b. Tissue or art paper e. pair of scissors
c. Glue or paste f. and other materials you need
2. Using the materials, create a collage that will illustrate your meaning
and purpose in life as a teenager.
3. You may also cut letters, words or phrases from the used magazines or
newspapers to add captions and labels to your collage.
Enjoy the activity..!
Assessment
I. Read the statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer in
your journal notebook.
1. Emotional maturity is achieved during _________
a. Puberty b. adulthood c. end of adolescence d. early adolescence
2. What would adolescents likely suffer from when they act upon someone’s
request or demand even though it goes against their principles or moral
beliefs?
a. Self- blame b. self – condemnation c. self- devaluation d. self- assurance
3. What term is being referred to as the teenage years, which start at the age of
twelve (12) and end at the age of twenty-one (21)?
a. Puberty b. adulthood c. adolescence d. childhood
4. It refers to the physical transformation that a child experiences as sexual
maturity is reached.
a. Puberty b. adulthood c. adolescence d. childhood
5. Which is a characteristic of cognitive development during adolescence?
a. Tendency to ask a lot of questions about many things
b. Tendency to look for deeper meanings about the things around them
c. Tendency to question their parents’ style of upbringing
d. All of the above
6. Which does not relate to emotional maturity?
a. Acting impulsively
b. Expressing emotions in a socially acceptable manner
c. Thinking critically before making any decisions
d. Remaining composed despite annoyance
18
7. Which statement indicates that post conventional reasoning among
adolescents is achieved?
a. They begin to question their parents’ beliefs and style.
b. They consult their peers about certain decisions.
c. They can stand for what they believe is right.
d. They follow to the standards of their peers.
8. Which statement best illustrates emotional stability?
a. You can escape certain situations.
b. You can express your emotions in a socially acceptable manner.
c. You can face many people.
d. You can ignore the person who hurt you.
II. Write CORRECT if the statement is correct and if not change the underline
word/s to make the statement correct.
9. During adolescence, most teenagers gradually seek for their identity.
10. Physical attractiveness is one major concern among adolescents.
11. Obesity is commonly associated with hormonal changes.
12. Testosterone is an estrogen that is strongly associated with the physical
development of girls, such as deepening of the voice, widening of the
shoulders, and increase in height.
13. Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands.
14. Widening of the hips is caused by the hormone called estradiol.
15. Release of spermarche among boys indicates sexual maturity.
Very good Senior High Students you are almost done in module 2.
Using your journal, answer the following questions:
1. Why is adolescence considered a turning point in life of a growing child?
2. How do people in the child’s surroundings influence his/her life?
19
Answer Key
5. Estradiol 10. True b 8.

4. True 9. False c 15. CORRECT 7.
Androgens & Estrogens a 14. CORRECT 6.
3. True 8.Hormones or d 13. CORRECT 5.
2. True 7. Girls, boys a 12. Estradiol 4.
1. True 6. True c 11. CORRECT 3.
What I Know b 10. CORRECT 2.
c 9. CORRECT 1.
Assessment
References
Books:


Internet:
https://tinyurl.com/y5tzdjaz
https://thinking.umwblogs.org/2020/04/24/cocktail-party-effect-with-children/

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
20
12
Personal
Development
Developmental Stages in Middle
and Late Adolescence
21
FIRST QUARTER
MODULE 3, WEEK 3
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN MIDDLE AND LATE
ADOLESCENCE

skills and tasks appropriate for middle and late
adolescence, and preparatory to early adulthood.
Performance Standard : The learner shall be able to make a list of ways to
become responsible adolescents prepared for life.
expected to classify various developmental tasks
according to the developmental stage.
Competencies : 1. Discuss developmental tasks and challenges being
experienced during adolescence
2. Evaluate one’s development through the help of
significant people around him/her (peers, parents,
siblings, friends, teachers, community leaders).
Competency Code : EsP-PD11/12DS-Ic03.1, EsP-PD11/12DS-Id-3.2
What I Know
Again… to assess your previous knowledge, let us start first with a short pre-test.
You may write your answers in your journal notebook. Write the letter of the correct
answer.
1. The ability to accept one’s body and the ability to think more responsively of
one’s body are developmental tasks during which stage?
a. Middle adolescence b. Late adolescence c. Early adolescence d. puberty
2. Achieving new and more mature relations with age mates of both sexes is what
stage in the developmental task of an adolescent?
3. Already formed attitudes, learned skills, and established relationships that
will give you bases of ascertaining what kind of a person you are or what kind
of life you want to lead is what stage in the developmental task of an
adolescent?
4. Which is the most important building block of responsibility?
a. Self-regulation b. Self-esteem c. self-control d. self-discipline
22
5. What do you call to the term referred to as the ability to put oneself in
another’s shoes?
a. Self- esteem b. Empathy c. Sympathy d. Value
6. Which statement best describes the developmental tasks of adolescents?
a. They follow a sequential order
b. Rapid growth is experienced by adolescents
c. Girls matures faster than boys
d. Boys differ from girls in terms of developmental task
7. Which statement shows that you become more adept in social settings?
a. You can make new friends.
b. You can establish intimate relationships.
c. You can find support from others.
d. All of the above
8. Which is a characteristic of the adolescents of today?
a. Having an “instant” culture c. Being materialistic
b. Has the culture of hard work d. All of the above
9. The following are the developmental tasks during adolescence according to
Robert Havighurst except _________.
a. preparing for economic career
b. preparing for marriage and family life
c. achieving a masculine or feminine role
d. Desiring but not achieving socially responsible behavior
10. Which is not true about middle adolescence?
a. You achieve feminine or masculine role c. You become more independent
b. It is from 13-16 years old d. You put away your childish ways
What I Need to Know
Good Day Senior High School students and welcome back to the third wave of
your journey towards knowing yourself beyond. As you move on in your journey of
personal development, you will be able to know the developmental tasks of the stages
in adolescence here in this module 3, which will guide you on what society expects
from you. Knowing the typical personalities of adolescents in the 21st century will
make you understand yourself better and be guided to become a responsible
teenager.
So now, are you ready to conquer the responsibilities expected of you? Before
that, let us read first the learning objectives of this module. At the end of this module,
you can:
▪ classify various developmental tasks according to the developmental
stage; and
▪ list ways on how to become responsible adolescents prepared for life.
Okay…! It is time already… you can still answer this pre-test during your vacant
time.
23
What’s In
Senior high school students are you still okay? Welcome back to your next
journey of knowing yourself well! You have learned in the previous module the
various changes of the different aspects of your holistic development like
physical/physiological, social, cognitive, moral/spiritual, and
psychological/emotional. Those various changes may have help you in
understanding better yourself. From the previous lesson, you have gained insights
on how to effectively cope with these changes, Now, you will learn the various
developmental tasks in adolescence.
Growing up is never easy considering the various developmental tasks that
you need to learn to prepare yourself to the challenges of life. According to Robert
Havighurst, these developmental tasks refer to the specific knowledge, skills,
attitudes, and functions that a person needs to acquire and, in turn, be able to
demonstrate at certain periods in his or her life. Knowing your tasks is very important
for this will serve as your guide in doing things that are expected of you. Now, please
reflect to the following questions below:
a. What are your tasks at home?
b. At school?
c. At the community?
You can reserve your answers as you explore this 3rd wave of exploring more of
yourself.
What’s New
Activity: Before and Now…

The objective of this activity is to help you discover what life was before and
compare it with your present life as a teenager. By uncovering the differences, you
may be able to understand how generations evolve and be able to describe the
characteristics of the modern generations. Your answers may be based from their life
style, courting style, playing, studying and others. Write your answers below .
What Your Parents Did Before How You Do Things Now

1. ____________________________ 1. ___________________________
2. ____________________________ 2. ___________________________
3. ____________________________ 3. ___________________________
4. ____________________________ 4. ___________________________
5. ____________________________ 5. ___________________________
24
What is It
The Developmental Tasks in Adolescence
According to Robert Havighurst, the developmental tasks during adolescence are

as follows:
1. Achieving new and more mature relations with age mates of both sexes
2. Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
3. Accepting one’s physique and using one’s body effectively
4. Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adults
5. Preparing for marriage and family life
6. Preparing for economic career
7. Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior-
developing ideology
8. Desiring, accepting, and achieving socially responsible behavior.
These developmental tasks are mastered by teenagers in a sequential order,
following three stages in the adolescence period, namely: early adolescence, middle
adolescence, and late adolescence (Kimmel and Weiner, 1995).
✓ Early Adolescence (this happens when you are 12-13 years old)
At this stage you may experience rapid growth and various changes. Your primary
developmental tasks at this stage involves the following:
▪ Adapting to biological and mental development
▪ Accept one’s physique and use one’s body effectively
▪ Embrace the fact that you are physically maturing already and know how to
take care of your body
▪ Already sexually capable of reproduction
▪ You need to be comfortable with the way you look.
✓ Middle Adolescence (this occurs around 14-16 years old)

Your primary tasks as a teenager in this period are as follows:
▪ Achieving new and more mature relations with age mates of both sexes
▪ Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
▪ Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adults
▪ Becoming more adept in social settings and more capable of establishing
intimate relationship
▪ Attraction that you feel to another person- learning to handle heterosexual
relationships, dating, and sexuality.
✓ Late Adolescence
This starts when you are 17 years old until you have shown a sense of
consistency in your personal identity in relation to people around you, and you have
begun to form some fairly definite social roles, value systems, and life goals (Kimmel
and Weiner, 1995). The tasks expected of you at this stage are the following:
25
▪ Already formed attitudes, learned skills, and established relationships that
will give you bases of ascertaining what kind of a person you are or what kind
of life you want to lead.
▪ Focused on planning and preparing for marriage and family life, preparing for
an economic career, on acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a
guide to behavior or ideology, and on desiring and achieving socially
responsible behavior.
It is true that growing up has never been easy and adolescence is full of challenges
because it is a stage of “becoming” rather than of “being”. You need to work hard
to master these developmental tasks and the challenge is to maintain a positive
attitude towards those responsibilities that you will be taking into. Do not take it as
a difficult task but rather take it as an opportunity for you to grow. What is important
is you are learning in each task, improve the things that are not well done, and
embrace the things undone.
Adolescents in the 21st Century

Your parents and grandparents lived in a world characterized by a culture of
hard work. To illustrate further this said culture, imagine how your parents or
grandparents cook for food before, the ways and preparations in cooking is never
easy since there was no stove available. Imagine cooking before with a long process
from getting woods to producing heat. Unlike today, where there are available stove,
oven or butane for easy cooking process. You also have instant noodles, instant coffee
mix, and instant sauces. More so, you have fast food outlets, computers, gadgets,
internet, e-books, and among others that make things easier and more convenient
and accessible.
Another observation in today’s

generation is in the courtship style.
Unlike before that there was harana,
the boys will really go to the house of
the girl to ask permission from the
parents to allow the boy to court the
girl. Now, because of the onset of
telecommunication, it seems that
courtship is done instantly, and virtual
relationship come into existence.
Having a relationship through text or
computer is now embraced by the new
generation. Hence, the culture of
instant result in today’s generation is Photos retrieved 07/20/2020 @
https://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/f/fashion.asp
visible.
In addition, materialism characterizes the youth of today. How do you react
when you see your classmate having the latest gadget, having a new pair of branded
shoes, bag, or apparel? Are you not admiring that person? Are you not envious of
him or her? Do you also wish that hopefully you have those things as well? These
material possessions become status symbols for adolescents nowadays. According to
26
Hurlock (1982), status symbol are prestige symbols that tell others that the owner
is of higher status (e.g., in socioeconomic and in achievements) than other people.
These symbols become the bases of their security, of being accepted, and of their
personality. However, being materialistic results in prioritizing image rather than
working on one’s inner beauty and holistic value as a person. That is one thing that
teenagers should be extra careful because they might be too materialistic and forget
self- respect self- value.
Taking charge or assuming responsibility is the ability to choose your own
responses (Convey, 2004) to encountered circumstances. This means that you are
responsible and accountable of your behavior, without making excuses or blaming
others for your mistakes. Successful people take full responsibility of their actions.
They take charge to realize their goals, act with motivation and determination, and
correct their mistakes to stay on track of their goals. Now, listen to this call for
responsibility! Start looking yourself and work on the following building blocks of
responsibility by Feiden (1991):
1. A strong sense of self-esteem. The most important building block of
responsibility is high self-esteem, which should be a positive belief in
oneself.
2. The capacity for empathy. The ability to put oneself in another’s shoes so
that you understand what he/she is going through.
3. Knowing right from wrong. Taking accountability of your actions means
facing the consequences of your actions.
4. Developing good judgement. Ability to make good decisions make you
rooted to integrity and strong personal values.
Hey Senior High School students, we want to see you successful in the
future..!
What’s More
Activity: MY PERSONAL TIMELINE

A personal timeline portrays the influential events and happenings of a
person’s life so that he can understand where he has gone wrong and right in the
past. It helps to plan the future in a better constructive way.
Using a bond paper, write the major events in your life and the significant
people in your life. You may add your age, specific dates and places. You may draw
the timeline horizontally, vertically, diagonally or even using ups and down
depending on your imagination. Be creative in your representations. You may also
use symbols, figures and drawings. Think of a title for your personal timeline.
You may use crayons or art materials depending on the available resources or
just a simple paper and pen may be fine. You can also go for the personal timeline
website template samples available online. The link is
https://www.template.net/business/timeline-templates/personal-timeline-template/
Source: http://blogs.psychcentral.com/relationships/2012/08/the-timeline-of-your-life-storyprobing-to-create-shift-
to-life-liberating-meanings-2-of-2/(DepEd (retrieved from: Personal Development Module page17)
27
What I have Learned
Activity: MY SELF-ASSESSMENT
After reading the developmental tasks of adolescence, assess your own level
of development as a senior high school student by completing the table below .
What are the expected What are the expected What are the expected
tasks you have tasks you have partially tasks you have not
successfully accomplished? accomplished?
accomplished?
Write at least three (3)

tasks..
Source: DepEd Personal Development Module page 20
What I can Do
Reflection Upon…
1. As a teenager today, what makes your generation different from the
generation of your parents?
2. How do you feel about those differences?
3. As a teenager, what would you do to reconcile the gap between your
generation and the older generation?
Use graphic organizer for your answer in # 1-3.
Assessment
I. Write the letter of the correct answer in your journal notebook.

1. Which is the most important building blocks of responsibility?
a. Self-regulation b. self-control c. self-esteem d. self-discipline
2. What do you call to the ability to understand how others feel?
a. Conscience b. sympathy c. accountability d. empathy
28
3. The ability to accept one’s body and the ability to think more responsively of
one’s body are developmental tasks during which stage?
4. Which is the most important building block of responsibility?
a. Self-regulation b. Self-esteem c. self-control d. self-discipline
5. Which statement best describes the developmental tasks of adolescents?
a. They follow a sequential order
b. Rapid growth is experienced by adolescents
c. Girls matures faster than boys
d. Boys differ from girls in terms of developmental task
6. Which statement shows that you become more adept in social settings?
a. You are able to make new friends
b. You are capable of establishing intimate relationships
c. you find support from others
d. all of the above
7. Which is a characteristic of the adolescents of today?
a. Having an “instant” culture c. Being materialistic
b. Has a culture of hard work d. All of the above
8. Which is not true about middle adolescence?
c. You achieve feminine or masculine role c. You become more independent
b. It is from 13-16 years old d. You put away your childish ways
9. Because of modern technology, teenagers can easily access information.
Which of the following illustrates the possible negative side effects of modern
technology?
a. Access to pornography c. instant relationships
b. Limited social interaction d. all of the above
10. How does today’s generation differ from older generations?
a. Style of living c. values and belief systems
b. Courtship rituals d. all of the above
II. Write YES if the statement is correct and NO if the statement is incorrect.
11. The older generations lived in a world characterized by a culture of instant
results.
12. Growing up is just very easy.
13. Achieving new and more mature relations with age mates of both sexes is a
developmental task in the late adolescence.
14. You need the support of significant persons in your life to self-reliant and
independent.
15. materialism are prestige symbols that tell others that the owner is of higher
status than other people according to Hurlock.
Great Senior High Students you are almost done in module 3. Using your journal,
answer the following questions:
3. Name one (1) challenge you have encountered in growing up as a teenager.
4. How do you cope with that challenge?
29
Answer Key
8. b
b 10. b 5. 7. a or c 15. NO
b 9. d 4. 6. D 14. NO
b 8. a or c 3. 5. a 13. NO
a 7. d 2. 4. b 12. NO
c 6. a 1. 3. c 11. NO
What I Know 2. d 10. d
1. c 9. b
Assessment
References
Books:



Edition 2016.
Internet:
https://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/f/fashion.asp

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
30
12
Personal
Development
The Challenges of Middle and
Late Adolescence
31
FIRST QUARTER
MODULE 4, WEEK 4
THE CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE AND LATE
ADOLESCENCE

developmental changes in middle and late adolescence,
and expectations of and from adolescents.
Performance Standard : The learner shall be able to clarify and manage the
demands of the teen years (middle and late
adolescence).
expected to identify the different pitfalls and challenges
that teenagers have encountered.
Competencies : 1. Identify ways that help one become capable and
responsible adolescent prepared for adult life.
Competency Code : EsP-PD11/12DS-Id-3.3
What I Know
Once Again… Let us start first with a short pre-test to assess your previous
knowledge. You may write your answers in your journal notebook. Write the letter
of the correct answer.
1. Rejection during adolescents is inevitable. What is likely the result of this
rejection if not handled well?
a. Low self-esteem c. depression
b. negative attitude towards self d. all of the above
2. DOH data on HIV indicate that the most number of persons infected are ___.
a. Adults b. teenagers c. males d. females
3. Common causes of suicide include ___________________.
a. hopelessness c. low self-esteem
b. self-blame d. all of the above
4. Which is a characteristic symptom of a marked diminished in interest or
pleasure in all, or almost all activities of the day?
a. anxiety b. social disorder c. drug abuse d. depression
5. Who said that biological, psychological, and social factors interplay and
contribute to create problems that teenagers need to overcome during
adolescence?
a. Havighurst b. Santrock c. Casey d. Connolly
32
6. The following are the social factors that contribute to the emergence of an
adolescent except __________.
a. family b. peers c. school d. barangay hall
7. Teenagers who drop out from school are more prone to except________
a. drug addiction c. being successful in life
b. drinking alcoholic beverages d. computer addiction
8. Which is considered as one of the most difficult challenges during
adolescents?
a. Finding a sense of identity
b. Becoming academically successful
c. Proving yourself to your parents that you are independent
d. Finding friends who can positively influence your behaviors
9. The following are the strategies that a teenager may do to cope with the
challenges they encountered according to Sevilla except_________.
a. identify your vulnerabilities
b. learn to accept what you feel
c. develop your talents and interests
d. no need to ask for help to avoid disclosure
10. What happens when adolescents fail to master self-control?
a. They are likely to engage in risky behaviors
b. They can negatively influence others
c. They may not able to express their ideas well
d. They may not be able to pursue a career
Okay…! Time is up… you can still answer this pre-test during your vacant time.
What I Need to Know
You are in your module 4 Senior High School students and embrace the 4th
wave of your journey towards knowing yourself further. As you continue in your
journey towards personal development in this module, you will be able to conquer
the challenges in your life as a teenager. In this module you will learn strategies and
ways on how to cope with the demands of teenage life thus, you are expected to
unleash your challenges in life and later on think of ways on how to deal with those
challenges and pitfalls in life.
Before we begin with our lesson, please consider the following learning
objectives of this module. At the end of the lesson, you can:
▪ Discuss that facing the challenges during adolescence may able to
clarify and manage the demands of teen years; and
▪ Identify strategies to cope with the challenges of teenage years.
What’s In
How are you senior high school students? Welcome again to your journey of
knowing yourself well! You have learned in the previous module the developmental
tasks expected of an adolescent like you. Those developmental tasks are considered
preparatory to adulthood thus, knowing all of those can help you become more
33
responsible in the next stage of life. The completion of such tasks would bring about
fulfilment and success in your teenage life however, inability to do the tasks expected
of you would also result to disappointment, depression, and struggles in the future
undertakings.
In this module, you will learn the challenges and pitfalls among adolescence
and its strategies to cope with those challenges. According to David Geldard and
Kathryn Geldard (2006) adolescence is a time in young people’s lives when they move
toward independence, autonomy, and maturity. Along in that journey are the
challenges and difficulties that a teenager may experience for according to others
that problems and difficulties are considered “spices of life” which means that life is
worth living if you have taken those difficulties as an opportunity for you to grow.
So, let us start exploring this module.
What’s New
Activity: Risky Behaviors on the GO
The objective of this activity is to help you identify risky or dangerous

behaviors that you usually observe among adolescents. Write risky behaviors and
identify the causes of such risky behavior through a graphic organizer (GO).
What is It
What causes risky behavior? Santrock (2012) cited the biopsychosocial

approach in emphasizing that biological, psychological, and social factors interplay
and contribute to create problems that you need to overcome during adolescence.
Biological or physical factors such as
genes, hormones and brain
development cause challenges that
adolescents need to face. According to
Casey et.al., (2011) the development of
the prefrontal cortex after amygdala
has been linked to risk-taking
behaviors and sexual experimentation.
While the prefrontal cortex is still
developing, your brain may not be able
to process what you feel and control
your actions. In this case, it may cause
Photos retrieved @ problems.
https://markarmstrongillustration.com/8253-2/
Accordingly, one of the most difficult challenges that you encounter as a

teenager is finding a sense of identity. The absence of concrete self-identity causes
heightened emotionality that usually causes problems. Later, you get irritated and
34
have mood swings easily. Sometimes, mood swings become too erratic and negative,
resulting in relationship problems and depressions. If you have become used to
getting what you want, then self-control may become an issue. If self-control is not
mastered, concerns like drug abuse, computer gaming, other delinquent acts may
emerge.as cited by Anderson et. Al., (2007) low conscientiousness has been
associated with drug abuse and behavior problems. Hence, your emotions can
influence your actions and decisions; so, you become less objective, and your actions
may not be effective.
There are social factors that contribute to the emergence of an adolescent
namely family, peers, school, socio-economic status and immediate environment.
You spend most of your time with your peers during adolescence which may have
negative effects on your attitudes and behavior especially when your friends are not
so good influencer. For example, if you are fond of going out with friends who are
smokers and drinkers of alcoholic beverages, there is a great possibility that you will
also learn to smoke and drink. On the other hand, if you will not go with them you
might be rejected by them. Furthermore, if you experience rejection, it may cause
depression if not handled well. Today, adolescents engage in romantic relationships
at an early age and may suffer various consequences which may also lead to
rejection. Connolly and McIsaac (2009) cited that early dating is linked to substance
abuse, and that unsuccessful romantic relationships lead to depression.
Additionally, teenagers who
drop out from school are more prone to
drug addiction and other delinquent
activities. Also, there are studies that
proves that poverty is linked to many
problems that adolescents are
vulnerable to (Santiago, et,al., 2011).
And Chen et.al. (2011) also mentioned
that adolescents who live in an
unhealthy environment are in higher
risks for developing problems.
Photos retrieved @ http://familybootcamp.org/video-
game-addiction
Moreover, those who came from non-intact families due to nonmarriage,
separation, parents’ working abroad, and death usually experience problems. To sum
up everything these are the challenges that every teenager may encounter:
– Finding a sense of identity
– Self-control
– Romantic relationship at an early age
– Engage in activities that put their health and dignity at risk
– Drop-out from school are more prone to drug addiction and other delinquent
activities
– Non-intact families due to non-marriage, separation, parent/s working
abroad, and death usually experience problems.
35
Pitfalls and Challenges of Adolescents
The following are some of the common pitfalls and challenges that adolescents
may experience:
1. using and abusing drugs – this is often due to peer pressure which means
that the more your friend use illegal drugs the greater the possibility that you
will become involved with drugs.
2. being addicted to computer games – teenagers are hooked to this recreational
activities merely because this is not just for fun rather this gives opportunities
for the teenagers to express what they feel, create their own world, and most
importantly, find their identity in the characters of the game. However,
because adolescents have created their own world in the game, they are
sometimes unable to distinguish reality from the virtual one. With amusement
that these computer games have offered to them, this would result to cutting
classes and worst stop schooling.
3. running away from home – some of the reasons of running away from are their
parents are hurting them physically, feeling unhappy at home, a means of
getting what they want. According to Kimmel and Weiner (1995), runaways
who anticipate to finding something pleasant at home return home sooner and
manifest that they are less traumatized than those who run away from
something unpleasant, such as being physically hurt or violated at home.
4. being sexually promiscuous – due to hormonal changes, teenagers normally
experience heightened sexual activities during this stage. Thus, becoming
teenage parent is possible. Based on the data of the Department of Health
(DOH) on the transmission of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV)
(2014), the most number of persons who become infected with HIV are
teenagers.
5. being depressed - According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 5th edition (DSM 5 ed.), at least 5 of the 9 symptoms represent a
change in the individual’s functioning (observed during a 2week period):
a. Depressed mood most of the day
b. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities
most of the day
c. Significant weight loss or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite
nearly every day
d. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
e. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day
f. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
g. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every
day
h. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every
day
i. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific
plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide
6. committing suicide – is usually associated with depression which is closely
related with a sense of hopelessness, low self-esteem, and high self-blame
(O’Donnell et.al., 2004).
36
After knowing these pitfalls and challenges, it will help you avoid being trapped
to difficult situations. Sometimes teenagers put themselves into these situations
mainly because of their inability to express their feelings or emotions especially when
their significant people have high expectations from them. But do not worry because
there are strategies to cope with these challenges…
Strategies to Cope with Challenges

The challenges that you will encounter might cause pain and stress on your
part. While you are capable to handle such situations, it may cause pressures that
would affect your well-being. So, here are some of the strategies that may help you
do so (Sevilla, 2000):
1. Learn to accept what you feel – when you feel sad, angry, or envious, you need
to embrace these feelings because they are real emotions. They are only
reflective of who you are- a human being. Accepting your feelings means
allowing yourself to feel and express them.
2. Identify your vulnerabilities – knowing when you feel intense emotions is
important to acknowledge. For instance, you have noticed that before you flare
up in anger, you first feel your face getting hot, your knees trembling, and
your heart pounding very fast. The next time you feel angry and you see these
signs, you excuse yourself from the discussion and walk away.
3. Develop your talents and interests – know your interests or things that you
enjoy. After doing so, then develop that competencies, talents, and skills in
you. With these, you do not allow negative thoughts or feelings conquer your
heart.
4. Become more involved with others – as they say no one is an island so, we need
others to support us. Do not just focus on yourself but rather live your life
with other people that can give you happiness and influence you to become a
good person.
5. Seek help when needed – most of the adolescents would feel shy and are
hesitant to ask for help because they might feel that they add burden to the
person they are asking help for. But you must remember that teenager still
must learn a lot of ways of being effective and psychologically healthy. Thus,
you still seek for help to your support system.
So Senior High School students, do not be afraid to experience difficulties in life

it is just normal. However, you just have to ask for help in order to cope with those
challenges in life…Remember that a life without challenges is a life not worth living.
What’s More
Activity: THE FREEDOM WALL

Expressing your feelings is very important when you feel pressured due to
high expectations. The aim of this activity is to help you express your thoughts and
feelings to authority figures like your parents.
37
Instructions:
1. Think of an expectation that your parents expressed recently or in the past
wherein you felt really pressured.
2. Think about these questions: How do you feel about these expectations? What
would you like to say?
3. Collect your feelings and thoughts about their expectations where you feel
really pressured. Write them down on a piece of paper.
4. Paste it to a wall or any place in your area.
5. After gathering your thoughts and feelings, organize them and prepare a script
that will allow you to express these thoughts and feelings to your parents.
6. Read the script or say it gently to them if you can. Write your script in your
journal notebook.
What I have Learned
KWL Chart: Answer the table below.

K What I know about the W What I wonder about L What I learned about
topic? the topic? the topic?
What I can Do
Activity: SLOGAN OR PERSONAL DECLARATION ON BEING HAPPY

Instructions:
1. Read the essay on “Being Happy” below.
2. Choose a phrase, sentence, or paragraph that strikes you.
3. Make a slogan or personal declaration on how you can be committed to your
self-development in a short bond paper. Be creative!
4. Explain your thoughts and feelings about it. Include specific ways in which
you will develop yourself further.
Reading: BEING HAPPY

You may have defects, be anxious and sometimes live irritated, but do not
forget that your life is the greatest enterprise in the world. Only you can prevent it
from going into decadence. There are many that need you, admire you and love you.
I would like to remind you that being happy is not having a sky without
storms, or roads without accidents, or work without fatigue, or relationships without
disappointments.
Being happy is finding strength in forgiveness, hope in one’s battles, security
at the stage of fear, love in disagreements.
38
Being happy is not only to treasure the smile, but that you also reflect on the
sadness. It is not just commemorating the event, but also learning lessons in failures.
It is not just having joy with the applause, but also having joy in anonymity.
Being happy is to recognize that it is worthwhile to live, despite all the
challenges, misunderstandings, and times of crises.
Being happy is not inevitable fate, but a victory for those who can travel
towards it with your own being.
Being happy is to stop being a victim of problems but become an actor in
history itself. It is not only to cross the deserts outside of ourselves, but still more,
to be able to find an oasis in the recesses of our soul. It is to thank God every morning
for the miracle of life.
Being happy is not being afraid of one's feelings. It is to know how to talk
about ourselves. It is to bear with courage when hearing a "no". It is to have the
security to receive criticism, even if is unfair. It is to kiss the children, pamper the
parents, have poetic moments with friends, even if they have hurt us.
Being happy means allowing the free, happy, and simple child inside each of
us to live; having the maturity to say, "I was wrong"; having the audacity to say,
"forgive me". It is to have sensitivity in expressing, "I need you"; to have the ability of
saying, "I love you." So that your life becomes a garden full of opportunities for being
happy...
In your spring-time, may you become a lover of joy. In your winter, may you
become a friend of wisdom. And when you go wrong along the way, you start all over
again. Thus, you will be more passionate about life. And you will find that happiness
is not about having a perfect life but about using tears to water tolerance, losses to
refine patience, failures to carve serenity, pain to lapidate pleasure, obstacles to open
the windows of intelligence.
Never give up ... Never give up on the people you love. Never give up from being
happy because life is an incredible show. And you are a special human being!
Source: https://www.facebook.com/mcspa/posts/10153625162832490 (DepEd Personal Development Module pages 27-28)
Assessment
I. Write C if the statement is correct and INC if the statement is incorrect.

Write your answers in your journal notebook.
1. Feeling sad or angry is not normal for teenagers.
2. When you accept your feelings, you acknowledge what you feel.
3. Engaging in sports may contribute to your stressors.
4. In helping others, you allow yourself to appreciate what you have.
5. Asking help from others is a measure in preventing things from being
complicated.
II. Read each statement below and write the letter of the correct answer in your
journal notebook.
6. Rejection during adolescents is inevitable. What is likely the result of this
rejection if not handled well?
c. Low self-esteem c. depression
d. negative attitude towards self d. all of the above
7. DOH data on HIV indicate that the most number of persons infected are ___.
a. Adults b. teenagers c. males d. females
39
8. Common causes of suicide include ___________________.
a. hopelessness c. low self-esteem
b. self-blame d. all of the above
9. Which is a characteristic symptom of a marked diminished in interest or
pleasure in all, or almost all activities of the day?
a. anxiety b. social disorder c. drug abuse d. depression
10. Who said that biological, psychological, and social factors interplay and
contribute to create problems that teenagers need to overcome during
adolescence?
b. Havighurst b. Santrock c. Casey d. Connolly
11. The following are the social factors that contribute to the emergence of an
adolescent except __________.
a. family b. peers c. school d. barangay hall
12. Teenagers who drop out from school are more prone to except________
a. drug addiction c. being successful in life
b. drinking alcoholic beverages d. computer addiction
13. Which is considered as one of the most difficult challenges during
adolescents?
a. Finding a sense of identity
b. Becoming academically successful
c. Proving yourself to your parents that you are independent
d. Finding friends who can positively influence your behaviors
14. The following are the strategies that a teenager may do to cope with the
challenges they encountered according to Sevilla except_________.
a. identify your vulnerabilities
b. learn to accept what you feel
c. develop your talents and interests
d. no need to ask for help to avoid disclosure
15. What happens when adolescents fail to master self-control?
e. They are likely to engage in risky behaviors
f. They can negatively influence others
g. They may not able to express their ideas well
h. They may not be able to pursue a career
Reflection…
Excellent Senior High Students you are almost done in module 4. Using your
journal, reflect and answer the following questions:
1. What do you think is the role of the family in the development of risky
behaviors?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. In your own opinion, what are the possible ways to avoid being trapped in
risky behaviors?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
40
Answer Key
10.a 5. b
d 8.
9. d 4. d
b 15. a 7.
8. a 3. d
7. c 2. b c 14. d 6.
6. d 1. c C 13. a 5.
What I Know C 12. c 4.
INC 11. d 3.
C 10. b 2.
INC 9. d 1.
Assement
References
Books:



Edition 2016.
Internet:
https://markarmstrongillustration.com/8253-2/
http://familybootcamp.org/video-game-addiction

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
41

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Senior High School

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Editors/Reviewers:, Alice Ganar, Roy Guarin, John Paul

Dr.Luis Derasin Jr.

Mrs. Vanessa Harayo, LLB.

Department of Education – Schools Division of Cebu City, Region VII

Office Address: New Imus Road, Day-as, Cebu City

Welcome to the Personal Development Module on Knowing Oneself!

Notes to the Teacher

For the learner:

Welcome to the Personal Development Module on Knowing Oneself!

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

The following are some reminders in using this module:

Content Standard : The learner demonstrates an understanding of

What I Need to Know

Welcome Senior High School students to this module…your journey towards

Adolescence period is considered as a challenging stage in one’s life because

Defining the Concept of the Self

Identifying Your Strengths and Weaknesses

Remember that it is in understanding yourself that you become more capable

Activity: SELF-CONCEPT INVENTORY

___1. I have strong sex appeal.

What I have Learned

How do you perceive yourself?

1. The following are elements of self except ___________

Kudos Senior High Students you are almost done in module 1.

Cleofe, Myreen P. (2016). Personal Development. Makati City, Philippines:

Caparas, Maria Vida G. 2018. Personal Development Discovering the Key to

Personal Development Module from the Department of Education. First

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

Content Standard : The learner demonstrates an understanding of the

What I Need to Know

Word Association Activity:

Adolescence is referred to as the teenage years, which start at the age of

Physical or Physiological Changes

Psychological or Emotional Changes

Moral or Spiritual Changes

Activity: YOU are YOU

What I have Learned

I want you to share your learnings/realizations from this module by

Activity: THE PAPER COLLAGE

Enjoy the activity..!

5. Estradiol 10. True b 8.

Cleofe, Myreen P. (2016). Personal Development. Makati City, Philippines:

Caparas, Maria Vida G. 2018. Personal Development Discovering the Key to

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex