Literary Elements

1. Setting

 Tells when and where the story takes place.

 It refers to geographical location of the story, time period, daily lifestyle
of the characters and climate of the story.

 It helps to create the mood and atmosphere of the text

 Setting is the time and place of the action.
 The time may be past, present, or future.
 The place may be real or imaginary.
 In some stories setting may not be clearly defined.
 Atmosphere

 The feeling or emotion that the setting evokes (i.e.

mysterious, happy, eerie)
 Mood
 As a literary device, mood refers to the emotional response that the
writer wishes to evoke in the reader through a story.

 This response can range anywhere from feelings of calm, fear, anger, or
joy depending on the literary work.
 In general, short stories and poems feature a consistent mood due to
their length.
 Novels can feature more than one mood, although readers will typically
identify an overall emotional response to the work as a whole.

 Mood allows a writer to create a memorable and meaningful story with

which the reader can connect. In addition, writers reveal their artistic
use of language and creative skills when establishing the mood of a
literary work.
 2. Characters

 representations of a human being in a story

 can be fictional or based on real, historical entities.
 It can be human, supernatural, mythical, divine, animal or
personifications of an abstraction.

 According to Principality:

 Protagonist – the character with whom

the reader empathizes

 Antagonist – the character that goes

against the main character
 According to Development
 Dynamic – exhibits noticeable development

 Static – exhibits no changes and

development

 According to Personality:
 Round – displays different/multiple personalities

 Flat – reveals conventional traits who remains the

same throughout the story
 Characterization
 Characterization is the
representation of persons (or
other beings or creatures) in
narrative and dramatic works.
 The term character
development is sometimes
used as a synonym.
 This representation may
include direct methods like the
attribution of qualities in
description or commentary,
and indirect (or "dramatic")
methods inviting readers to
infer qualities from characters'
actions, dialogue, or
appearance
Methods of Characterization
Indirect Direct
 The audience must infer for  The author literally tells
themselves what the character the audience what a
is like through the character's
thoughts, actions, speech
character is like. This
may be done via the
(choice of words, manner of narrator, another
speaking), physical appearance, character or by the
mannerisms and interaction character themselves.
with other characters, including
other characters' reactions to • The narrator’s direct
that particular person. comments about the
character.
• Physical Appearance, speech,
thoughts, feelings, or actions