Isotopes and Ions

Name:
 Calculate the subatomic particles of an ion
 Define an isotope and explain why atomic masses
are not whole numbers
 Calculate the atomic mass of an element given the
abundance of the isotopes
 Calculate the abundance of the isotopes of an
element given their mass number and the average
atomic mass

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Teacher: ____________ Period: _____

Atoms and the Mole (Pre-AP)

Aug. 26 27 28-29 30

Sept. 2 3 4-5 6
Atomic History
 Trace the development of modern
atomic theory
 Compare and contrast the atomic
9
models of Democritus, Dalton, 10 11-12 13
Thomson, Rutherford, Chadwick,
Bohr and Schrodinger

Atomic Structure
 Name and identify the subatomic particles of an atom
 Describe the charge, mass and location of the subatomic
particles
 Identify and interpret a Bohr model.

Atomic Number and Mass Number

 Identify an element based on the
number of protons
 Determine an isotope’s mass number
and atomic number
 Calculate the number of electrons,
protons and neutrons in an atom given
its mass number and atomic number
What is a Mole?
 Define what a mole measures
 Memorize Avogadro’s number – 6.022x1023
 Warm-ups
Differentiate these molar values: A mole isShort informational
6.02 x 1023 particles A mole’s mass equals its video about the
formula mass. mole

Mole Conversions
 Determine the molar mass of an element.
 Convert between moles and number of atoms.
 Convert between moles and mass.
 Convert between mass and number of atoms.
 Apply the rules of sig figs when solving for
your answers.
 Atomic History Notes
Scientist Contribution Sketch of Atomic Model

Democritus

John Dalton

JJ Thompson

Ernest
Rutherford

James
Chadwick

Niels Bohr

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 Atomic Structure
Subatomic Particle Location Charge Mass
Proton
Neutrons
Electrons
What is an atom?

Which 2 subatomic particles are equal in number to each other?

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Atomic Number

 What is it?
 Where can it be found?
 What is the atomic number in the atom to the right?

Mass Number

 What is it?
 Which subatomic particles is it equal to?
 What is the mass number in the atom to the right?

Isotopic notation (2 ways)

 Name of element followed by mass number (Ex. Potassium-39)

o How many protons? _____ Neutrons? _____ Electrons? _____
37
 For example: 17 Cl
o How many protons? _____ Neutrons? _____ Electrons? _____

Isotopes and Ions

 Define isotope:
 Define ion:
 How are ions indicated?

Atomic Mass

What is the atomic mass of Neon using the mass numbers and abundances to the right? Ne – 20 90.60
Ne – 21 0.26
Ne – 22 9.20

What would be the atomic mass (≈) of Hydrogen if these three isotopes (Hydrogen-1, Hydrogen-2, Hydrogen-3) were
found in the following percentages (99.9%, 0.015%, 0.085%) respectively?
An element has 3 isotopes: 24.1% of all the isotopes have a mass of 75.23 amu, 48.7% have a mass of 74.61, and 27.2%
have a mass of 75.20. What is the average atomic mass of the element?

Boron has two naturally occurring, Boron-10 and Boron-11. What is the % abundance of each isotope?

How do you determine the most abundant isotope?

Average Atomic Mass & Percent Abundance

Must show all work or no credit will be given!

1. Three isotopes of silicon include silicon-28, silicon-29 and silicon-30. The average atomic mass of a silicon atom is
28.055 amu. Which isotope of silicon is likely to be the most abundant? Explain your answer.

2. Magnesium has three isotopes, Mg-24 (78.99%), Mg-25 (10.00%) and, Mg-26 (11.01%). Calculate the average
atomic mass of magnesium.

3. Calculate the average atomic mass of Isotope Mass (in amu) Relative Abundance
chromium. Chromium – 50 49.946 0.043500
Chromium – 52 51.941 0.83800
Chromium – 53 52.941 0.095000
Chromium – 54 53.939 0.023500

4. Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes. Bromine-79 and bromine-81. Find the % of each naturally occurring
isotope in nature.

5. Silver has two naturally occurring isotopes. Ag–109 and Ag-107. Find the % of each naturally occurring isotope in
nature.

6. The three isotopes of lead are shown below. First you must completed the nuclear composition of the isotopes in
the table. Using the data in the table, calculate the average atomic mass of lead. SHOW WORK BELOW THE TABLE.

# Protons
# Neutrons 122 124 125
Mass Number
% Abundance 1.37% 26.26%
 Average Atomic Mass

Isotopes & Ions Worksheet

Determine the charges on the following ions:

1. An atom having lost two electrons ________ 5. An atom having lost five electrons ________

2. An atom having lost six electrons ________ 6. An atom having gained two electrons ________

3. An atom having gained one electron ________ 7. An atom having lost one electron ________

4. An atom having gained three electrons ________ 8. An atom having gained four electrons ________

Questions:
1. If Li loses an electron to another atom, why does it have a have a +1 charge? _________________________________
2. If N gains 3 electrons from other atoms, why does it have a -3 charge? _____________________________________
Fill in any missing information for the atoms, isotopes and ions below.

Ion Symbol Atomic # Mass # Protons Neutrons Electrons

Iodine I-1   127 53   54

    35 79     36

  B+3 5 11      
Oxygen O-2   16 8    

Nitrogen       7 7 10
Aluminum Al+3   27     10

  Fe+2   56 26   24
  Cu+1 29     34  

      63 29   27

Symbol Indicate Charge Atomic # Protons Neutrons Electrons Mass

#
-2 8 9

77 54
207
82 Pb
+2

11 12 10

35 45 36

12 10
 238
92 U

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Mole Notes Page Problems

1. How many moles are 1.20 x 1025 atoms of phosphorous?

2. How many atoms are in 0.750 mol of Zn?

3. Find the mass in grams of 3.32 mol of K.

4. Find the number of moles in 187 g of aluminum.

5. Calculate the number of atoms present in 4.29 g of phosphorous.

6. Calculate the mass of 2.410 x 1022 atoms of gold.

Work the following problems with your partner.

1. How many moles are equal to 9.27 x 10 22 atoms of Silicon?

2. How many grams are equal to 1.73 x 10 26 atoms of Sulfur?

3. How many moles are equivalent to 300.0 grams of Uranium?

4. How many atoms are in 616 grams of Argon?

5. How many atoms are in 3.92 moles of Arsenic?

Atoms and the Mole
Directions: Show all work where appropriate. Round all answers to the correct number of sig figs. Answer in complete
sentences when asked to explain.

1. How do you determine the mass of one mole of an element?

2. How many particles are in one mole of an element?

3. What is the mass of one mole of:

a. Sulfur: b. Gold: c. Calcium: d. Lead:
_____________ ____________ ___________ __________

4. Calculate the mass of 0.742 mols of neon.

5. Calculate the number of atoms in 0.333 mols of aluminum.

6. Calculate the amount of moles equivalent to 8.24 x 10 22 atoms of cobalt.

7. Determine the number of mols that are equal to 2.15 grams of chromium.

8. What is the mass of 1.97 x 1024 atoms of manganese?

9. How many atoms are present in a 35.2 gram sample of copper?

10. Which of the following has the most number of atoms: 40.4 grams of neon, 54 grams of silver, 129.3 grams of
uranium or 47.3 grams of magnesium?

11. Is 27.25 grams of carbon equivalent to 1.35 x 10 24 atoms of carbon? Explain your answer.

12. In the pictures to the right, which has more atoms: the stack of copper
pennies or the block of gold? Explain your answer.

Pre-AP Chemistry: Atoms and the Mole

1. Explain the contributions of the following scientists to the study of the atom:
a. Neils Bohr: _______________________________________________________________________
b. John Dalton: ______________________________________________________________________
c. Democritus: _______________________________________________________________________
d. Ernest Rutherford: ___________________________________________________________________
e. JJ Thompson: _____________________________________________________________________
2. Identify each of the following as a true or false statement. If false, correct the underlined portion.
a. Protons and electrons are located in the nucleus of the atom.
b. Protons and neutrons have relatively the same charge.
c. In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons are the same.
d. The electron is equal to the atomic number and identifies the atom as being that of a specific element.
e. The number of protons and neutrons is equal to the atomic number of the atom.
f. The majority of the atom’s mass is located inside the nucleus.
3. What is the difference between an isotope and an ion?

4. A Nitrogen ion gains 3 electrons. What is the correct symbol and charge? ___________________
5. A Manganese ion loses 4 electrons. What is the correct symbol and charge? _________________
6. What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number?

7. Argon has 3 naturally occurring isotopes: Ar-36, Ar-38 and Ar-40. Which is the most common isotope,
why?

8. Complete the following chart.

Symbo Mass Atomic 2 ways of showing the

Element Name p+ no e-
l # # isotope
Zirconium-94
18 20
Fluorine 19
64 112
78 198
223
87 Fr
9. For each of the following Bohr models, list the number of protons, neutrons, electrons; identify atomic
number, mass number and the element

10. Lithium has 2 naturally occurring isotopes, Li – 6 and Li – 7. Determine the percent abundance of each of
lithium’s isotopes.

11. Gallium occurs in nature as a mixture of two isotopes. They are Ga-69 with a 60.108% abundance and a
mass of 69.926 amu and Ga-71 with a 39.892% and an atomic mass of 70.925 amu. Calculate the atomic
mass of gallium.

12. Which of the following represent isotopes of the same element? Explain why they are isotopes and indicate
which element.
35 40 42 17 40 18 35
17 X 18 X 18 X 35 X 19 X 42 X 16 X

13. Identify the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for the following ions:
a. An atom of potassium that has a mass number of 40 and a charge of +1: _______ p _________ n
__________ e
b. An atom of mercury that has a mass number of 201 and a charge of +2: _______ p _________ n
__________ e
c. An atom of nitrogen that has a mass number of 15 and a charge of -3: _______ p _________ n
__________ e
14. What is the mass of one mole of argon?

15. How many atoms are present in 3.5 x 10-3 mols of silver?

16. How many atoms are present in a 10.0 gram sample of sodium?

17. How many mols is equivalent to 4.25 x 1022 atoms of fluorine?

18. What is the mass of 6.97 x 1024 moles of tin?