UNIT 5 - Digital Electronics

EC133P
I SEMESTER
BASIC ELECTRONICS
Presented by
Neelima Devi B
Dpmt. of ECE,
Christ University, Kengeri Campus.
Ph: 9000692479
Email id: neelima.boddeti@christuniversity.in
MISSION VISION CORE VALUES

CHRIST is a nurturing ground for an individual’s Excellence and Service Faith in God | Moral Uprightness
holistic development to make effective contribution to Love of Fellow Beings
the society in a dynamic environment Social Responsibility | Pursuit of Excellence
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Deemed to be University
5. DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
➢ Decimal system, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number systems
➢ Addition and subtraction (complements)
➢ Fractional number
➢ Binary Coded Decimal numbers
➢ Boolean algebra
➢ Logic gates- Realization
➢ Boolean Simplification
➢ Logic Design based on
➢ two and three input variables only.
➢ Half-adder, Full-adder
➢ Sampling theorem, Two Variable and three variable K – maps
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Digital vs Analog

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Digital vs Analog
• Positive logic
• Negative logic

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Digital vs Analog

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Digital vs Analog

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Digital vs Analog

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Digital vs Analog

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Information Representation:
➢ Elementary storage units inside computer are
electronic switches.
➢ Each switch holds one of two states: ON(1) or OFF(0).
➢ We use a bit (binary digit), 0 or 1, to represent the state.

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➢ Storage units can be grouped together to cater for larger
range of numbers.
➢ Example: 2 switches to represent 4 values

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➢ In general, N bits can represent 2N different values.
➢ For M values, [log2M] bits are needed.
➢ 1 bit – represents up to 2N (N=1) 2 values

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➢ 2 bits – represents up to 2N (N=2) 4 values

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Number Systems:
➢ Two types of Number Systems are:
➢ Non-positional number systems

➢ Positional number systems

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Number Systems:- Non-Positional Number System

➢ Use symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III for 3 etc. Each symbol represents the
same value regardless of its position in the number.
➢ The symbols are simply added to find out the value of a

particular number.
➢ Disadvantage: It is difficult to perform arithmetic

with such a number system.

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Number Systems:- Positional Number System

➢ Use only few symbols called digits.
➢ These symbols represents the different values depending on the position

they occupy in the number.
➢ The value of each digit is determined by:

➢ The digit itself
➢ The position of the digit in the number.
➢ The base of the number system
BASE: Total number of digits in the number system

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Day 2: 17-08-2021

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Decimal Number System

• A positional number system
• It has 10 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Hence, its

Base = 10
• The maximum value of a single digit is 9 (i.e. one less than the
value of the base)
• Each position of a digit represents a specific
power of the base (10)
• We use this number system in our day-to-day life
Example:
(2575)10 = (2x103) + (5x102) + (7x101) + (5x100)
= 2000 + 500 + 70 + 5
= 2575

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Binary Number System

A positional number system
It has only 2 symbols or digits (0 and 1). Hence, its Base = 2
The maximum value of a single digit is 1 (i.e. one less than the value of
the base)
Each position of a digit represents a specific

power of the base (2)
This number system is used in computers
Example:
(10101)2 = (1x24)+ (0x23) + (1x22) + (0x21) + (1x20)
= 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1
= (21)10

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Octa Number System

It has total 8 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).

Hence, its Base = 8
The maximum value of a single digit is 7 (i.e. one less than the value of the
base)
Each position of a digit represents a specific power of

the base (8)
Example:
(2057)8 = (2x83) + (0x82) + (5x81) + (7x80)
= 1024 + 0 + 40 + 7
= (1071)10

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Hexa Decimal Number System

It has total 16 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F). Hence,

its Base = 16
The maximum value of a single digit is 15 (i.e. one less

than the value of the base)
Each position of a digit represents a specific power of

the base (16)
Example:
(5AF)16 = (5x162) + (Ax161) + (Fx160)
= 5x256 + 10x16 + 15x1
= 1280 + 160 + 15 = (1455)10

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EC133P

MISSION VISION CORE VALUES

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

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➢ Each switch holds one of two states: ON(1) or OFF(0).

➢ We use a bit (binary digit), 0 or 1, to represent the state.

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➢ Example: 2 switches to represent 4 values

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➢ For M values, [log2M] bits are needed.

➢ 1 bit – represents up to 2N (N=1) 2 values

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

➢ Two types of Number Systems are:

➢ Non-positional number systems

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Number Systems:- Non-Positional Number System

➢ The symbols are simply added to find out the value of a

➢ Disadvantage: It is difficult to perform arithmetic

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Number Systems:- Positional Number System

➢ These symbols represents the different values depending on the position

➢ The value of each digit is determined by:

BASE: Total number of digits in the number system

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Decimal Number System

• It has 10 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Hence, its

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Binary Number System

It has only 2 symbols or digits (0 and 1). Hence, its Base = 2

Each position of a digit represents a specific

This number system is used in computers

Excellence and Service

Octa Number System

It has total 8 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).

Each position of a digit represents a specific power of

(2057)8 = (2x83) + (0x82) + (5x81) + (7x80)

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Hexa Decimal Number System

It has total 16 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F). Hence,

The maximum value of a single digit is 15 (i.e. one less

Each position of a digit represents a specific power of

(5AF)16 = (5x162) + (Ax161) + (Fx160)

= 5x256 + 10x16 + 15x1

= 1280 + 160 + 15 = (1455)10

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service

Excellence and Service