Cambridge+Texts+in+the+History+of+Political+Thought) +Andrew+Sharp+ +the+English+Levellers Cambridge+University+Press+ (1998)

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Contents
Introduction: the English Levellers, 1645-1649 page vii

Chronological table XXiii
Bibliographical note XXXi
Notes on the texts XXXV
Leveller texts
1 John Lilburne, 'On the 150th page': An untitled broad-
sheet ofAugust 1645 3
2 William Walwyn, Toleration justified and persecution
condemned. 29 January 1646 9
3 John Lilburne, Postscript to The freeman's freedom
vindicated. 16 June 1646 31
4 Richard Overton with William Walwyn's collabor-
ation, A remonstrance of many thousand citizens. 7 July
1646 33
5 Richard Overton, An arrow against all tyrants. 12
October 1646 54
6 William Walwyn, Gold tried in the fire. 4 June 1647 73
7 Several hands, An agreement of the people for a firm and
present peace upon grounds of common right and freedom.
28 October 1647 92
8 Members of the New Model Army and civilian Level-
lers, Extract from the debates at the General Council of
the Army, Putney. 29 October 1647 102
9 John Lilburne and others, The petition of 11 September
1648 131
v
Contents
10 John Lilburne, England's new chains discovered. 26

February 1649 140
11 William Walwyn, and on behalf of John Lilburne,
Thomas Prince and Richard Overton, A manifes-
tation. 14 April 1649 158
12 John Lilburne, William Walwyn, Thomas Prince and
Richard Overton, An agreement of the free people of
England. 1 May 1649 168
13 John Lilburne, The young men's and the apprentices'
outcry. 29 August 1649 179
Select biographies 202

Index 214
vi
Index
A d a m , and A d a m and Eve, 31-2, 57, i n natural equality, 31-2, 55-7

117 i n natural freedom, 112
Adams, T h o m a s , 46n not possible that i t should be i n 'the
agents and agitators, see N e w M o d e l people', x v i i , x i x - x x i , 114, 117; see
Army also permanent, fixed . . . interest
Agreement of the free people of England, i n 'the people', x v i - x i x , x x v i i i , 31-
An (1 M a y 1649), x x i x , 168-78, 2, 33-4, 37, 45, 55-7, 95-6, 103,
179, 194, 196-8, 201, 205, 207, 120, 14on, 145, 156, 161, 180, 186
210, 211, 212; see also Agreement i n 'permanent, fixed, local interest',
of the people see permanent, fixed, . . . esp., 117
agreement o f the people, the purpose on the power o f the s w o r d , x v i i i ,
of, 93-101, 141, 144-5, 1 4 5 n , 100, 128, 179, 180, 192-3
165, 166-7, 177, 195, 198 a u t h o r i t y i n office, n o t i n persons, 188
Agreement of the people, An (October a u t h o r i t y held i n t r u s t , see t r u s t
1647), x, xv, x v i , 92n a u t h o r i t y i n the private sphere, 22-4,
(authorship), 92-101, discussed, 56, 112
102-30, esp. 102, 103n, 126, 140,
147, 1 8 1 n , 204, 209, 212, 213; see Bacon, Francis ( M P ) , 54, 64
also Petition from his excellency; Baillie, Robert, 26n
Agreement of the free people; Baptists, x x i x , 18, 1 6 5 n , 202, 204, 205,
Foundations of freedom 207, 208, 211, 212
Algiers, 47 Bastwick, J o h n , 26n, 78n
A l l e n , W i l l i a m , 92n, 202 Bear, E d m u n d , 98, 101
alms, those w h o take, 130, 170 begging and wickedness, Levellers
Anabaptists, 18, 19, 24, 28, 43, 65, 66, against, x i v , 47-8, 80, 83, 136,
67 175, 184
anarchy and confusion, Levellers Beresford, S i m o n de, 59
accused of, 98, 1 o o , 109-10, 112, Beverley, T h o m a s , 98, 101
120, 151-2, 160, 162; see also B i b l e , q u o t e d b y Levellers, 5, 9, 9n,
terms o f revilement 10, 11, 16-18, 21-2, 27, 31-2, 36,
annual parliaments, o r representatives; 41-2, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53,
see Parliament; 'Representative o f 64, 65, 71-2, 76, 109-11, 118,
the people' 158, 161, 169, 179, 180, 184, 192,
A n t i n o m i a n s , 19 193, 200
apprentices, x v , x x i i i , 130, 179, 185, bishops, episcopal clergy, and those
191, 201, 206, 209, 212 w h o believe i n t h e m , x x i i i , 10, 12,
Aquinas, T h o m a s , 11 o n 17, 21, 25, 39n, 41, 43n, 45, 67,
arbitrary government or power, v i i i , x , 78, 79, 131-2, 164, 206, 208
5, 6, 35, 38, 54, 75, 89, 169, 170, Biggs (a soldier), 20on
177, 180, 188, 194 b i r t h r i g h t , 55, 58, 102-4, 120, 121,
A r n e l l , R i c h a r d , see A r n o l d 124, 126, 141, see also freemen;
arrears, payment o f to soldiers, i x , 65, r i g h t : native
100, 1 5 o n , 154, 176, 199-200 blasphemy and blasphemers, x x i i , 20,
A r n o l d , R i c h a r d , x v i i , 181, 202, 210 64, 65n, 138
a u t h o r i t y i n magistrates: its basis B l o w d o r B l o o d , Nicolas or Nicholas,
i n consent, i x , xv, x v i i i , 31-2, 45, 179, 201
55-7, 1 0 3 , 112, 116, 125, 181, Bray, W i l l i a m , x x v i i
186, 196 Brisfiebolt, A n t h o n y , 179, 201
214
Index
Brooke, L o r d , 39 C o w l i n g , Nicholas, 102, 115

B r o w n , David?, 74 C r o m w e l l , O l i v e r , ix-xi, xvi-xvii, x x i i ,
B r o w n i s t s , 19, 65, 66, 67 x x i v , x x v i - x x v i i , x x x , 92n, 110,
B r y a n , W i l l i a m , 98, 101 123-4, 127-8, 129-30, 150n,
B u r f o r d , m u t i n y at, 179, 181-2, 193, 1 6 5 n , 181n, 182n, 193, 199, 203,
201 207, 209, 210, 211, 213
B u r r o u g h s , Jeremiah, see G o o d w i n , C r o m w e l l , R i c h a r d , x x x , 209
T h o m a s , A copy customs (the tax), x v i , 49, 144, 174
B u r t o n , H e n r y 78n
Cade, Jack, x x i i debt, debtors, see i m p r i s o n m e n t s , for

Capel, L o r d , 147n debt
Case of the Army truly stated (largely D e n b i g h , earl of, 149n
by W i l d m a n ) , x, x x v i , 92, 98, D e n n e , H e n r y , 182
100, 101, 193, 204, 211, 213 dependence, dependents and
catechisms, x x - x x i , 111n independence, 39, 108, 113, 118,
Charles I , vii-viii, x v i , xx-xxii, 129-30
x x i i i - x x i x , 10, 35, 36-7, 39, 4 0 - 2 , D i s s o l u t i o n o f the government, 132
5on, 56, 92n, 95, 96, 99, 100, D o b e r , or D o v e r , J o h n 98, 101
131-5, 139, 1 4 1 n , 155, 175, 180, D u d l e y , E d m u n d , 59
1 8 2 n , 186, 193n, 195, 199, 203, D u p p a , J o h n , 74n
204, 207, 208, 209, 210
Charles, Prince o f Wales, 162, 1 9 5 n
C h i l l e n d e n , E d w a r d , 128 Edwards, T h o m a s , Gangraena (1646),
C h u r c h , M r (a soldier), 182 26n
citizens, i x , x i , x x i i , x x v , 33, 84, 140, E m p s o n , Sir R i c h a r d , 59
150 enclosure o f fens and other c o m m o n
Clarke, J o h n , 128 l a n d , 136
Coke, Sir E d w a r d , x x i v , 58-9, 18on engagement, necessary to be taken for
C o l l e t , W i l l i a m , 60 h o l d i n g office, 149n, 164, 210
C o l l i n s , Charles, 179, 201 engagements, bindingness of, 103,
commonweal and c o m m o n w e a l t h , 3, 1 0 3 n , 119, 125, 149, 187, 191-2
18, 26, 29, 33, 34, 38, 44, 46, 51, England and E n g l i s h , i n t r o d u c t o r y
75-7, 81, 84, 85, 88-90, 115, 119, material passim, 5, 7, 24, 27, 33,
131, 133, 138, 141, 146, 154, 159- 36, 40, 48, 49, 52, 54, 57, 60, 61,
61, 163, 166, 168, 170, 173, 175, 62, 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 76, 78, 82,
176, 177, 189, 196; see also state; 84, 87, 89, 92, 93, 95, 100, 102-7,
k i n g d o m ; England 1 1 1 , 112, 115, 116, 118, 120, 121,
c o m m o n w e a l t h s m e n , 10, 76 123, 128, 131, 135, 136, 140, 148,
C o n s t i t u t i o n , t r a d i t i o n a l , x x i ; see also 150, 152, 155, 168, 170, 174, 179,
law: fundamental 180, 181, 183, 184, 186, 190-7;
convocation, houses of, 43n see also commonweal and
Cook, J o h n , King Charles his case commonwealth; kingdom; nation;
(1649), 180 state
copyholders, 124 equality
coronation oath, 62-3 before the law, see law
C o u n c i l o f State, 141, 148-9, 152, equality, danger of, 108-9, 114 ; see
154, 172, 181, 204, 205 also terms o f revilement
c o u r t (king's), 48, 205 equality o f humans, x v i i - i x , 31-2,
C o u r t , H i g h Courts o f Justice, 146-7, 55-7, 70, 108-9
208 equity and 'equalness', x i x , x x x i i , 3-5,
courts, see law; prerogative 7-8, 19, 22-3, 35, 55, 56, 75, 79,
215
Index
e q u i t y and 'equalness' (cont.) fundamental law and c o n s t i t u t i o n , see

81, 95, 98, 100, 1 0 1 , 105-6, 121, law
148, 188, 189, 195, 197
E r i e , S i r W a l t e r , 88-9, 203-4 G a r r e t , George, 98, 101
Essex, earl of, s o n , 205, 206, 207 G a r w a y , S i r H e n r y , 46
E v e r a r d , Robert, 98, 101, 103n, 204 gentry and gentleman, x i i i , x i v , x x v i i i ,
evil counsellors, 36, 4 1 n , 208
34, 37, 38, 99, 100, 106, 109, 111,
Exact collection (Parliament's First book
122, 179, 194, 206, 212
of declarations), v i i , x x i v , 3, 183n,
G l y n n , J o h n (Recorder o f L o n d o n ) ,
1 8 5 n , 193n
73, 87-8, 89
excise, x v i , x v i i , 49, 136, 144, 15on,
G o o d w i n , T h o m a s , A copy of a
174, 183-4 remonstrance lately delivered to the
Assembly (1645), 1 2 n
G o r i n g , L o r d , 147n
Fairfax, S i r T h o m a s , x x v i , x x v i i i , 5on, Grand Remonstrance, x x i v , 35
92n, 99, 138, 141, 1 4 9 n , 166, G r e y o f W a r k e , L o r d , 149n
1 8 1 n , 186, 189, 190n, 193, 199,
203, 207, 210
H a m i l t o n , earl of, 147n
fees, legal, x i i i , 82, 148, 154
H a r r i n g t o n , James and
five members, attempted arrest of, 35,
H a r r i n g t o n i a n s , x i , x i x , 213
204
Harrison, Thomas, 181n, 182n
F l o y d , J o h n , 179, 201
H u s b a n d , E d w a r d , see Exact collection
Foundations of freedom (20 January
Heads of proposals, x v i , 107n, 124,
1649), 1 4 1 - 5 n , 205 ( I r e t o n ' s
126n, 205, 212
authorship)
H e n d e r s o n , Alexander, 30
franchise f o r elections t o
H e w s o n , T h o m a s , 150, 193n
representative bodies
Hobbes, T h o m a s , 208
qualification for, 52-3, 102-30
H o l l a n d and H o l l a n d e r s , 16, 48
d i s t r i b u t i o n o f constituencies, 93-4,
H o l l a n d , earl of, 147n
102, 107, 126
H o l i e s , D e n z i l , 8 1 n , 88-9, 147, 204
p r o p e r t y i n , 111, 115
honours, dignities, orders, and titles
free common(er)s, 60-1, 69, 92
free grace, 18, 212 37, 57, 7 1 , 100, 162
freeborn, see freemen H u d s o n , W i l l i a m , 98, 101
freedom, see l i b e r t y
freedom o f conscience, r e l i g i o n , x i v , impressment i n t o m i l i t a r y and naval
x v i i i , x x x i i i , 9, 11-29, service, x i v , 4 7 - 8 , 94, 99, 122,
(parliament's policy o f 136, 147, 173
' a c c o m m o d a t i o n ' , 1 o n , 24n, 40, i m p r i s o n m e n t , f o r debt, x i i i , 4 7 - 8 , 80,
43-5, 5 1 , 64-8, 79, 82, 94, 135-6, 83, 136, 144, 175
138, 143, 147, 1 5 o n , 164, 173, i m p r i s o n m e n t , w r o n g f u l , 7, 4 2 - 3 , 58-
203, 205, 207, 210 61, 65, 73
freehold and freeholders, 6, 58, 108, i n d e m n i t y for acts o f war, a n d
112, 115, 122, 125, 148 o b l i v i o n o f t h e i r m e m o r y , x i v , 94,
freemen, freeborn ( o f E n g l a n d ) , 5, 7, 97, 99, 134, 138, 173
18, 19, 33. 35, 37, 53, 5 0 , 71, 95, I n d e p e n d e n t / s , see (terms o f
100, 105, 115, 117, 147n, 168, revilement)
177, 182, 186, 187, 189; see also churches, 9, 9n
r i g h t : native clergy, 144n
free-quarter, 146, 153 C i t y Independents, x x v , x x v i i i ,
F r i s b y , T h o m a s , 179, 201 76n
F r y e , J o h n , 147n congregations and believers
216
Index
(see 'sectarian congregations'), x x v , law and laws, 91, 195, 212

x x i x , 10-17, 19- 1, 23, 25, 27-8, to be abbreviated and s i m p l i f i e d ,
43, 65, 66, 67, 1 3 7 n , 141, 165n x i i i , 136
'gentleman/upper-most o f C h r i s t i a n i t y , 158
Independents', x x v i i i , 74, 126n canon, 43n
literature, 206 courts (cf. Prerogative C o u r t s ) , 8,
'Political Independents,' 5 1n 39, 142-3, 197 (pleading by
politicians, x , x v i , x x i v , 92n, 126n, non-lawyers)
2 1 o n , 203, 207, 211 due process and its denial, x i i i , 6-8,
i n d i v i d u a l , t h e , x i x , 31-2, 55-7 42-3, 82-3, 136, 174, 176, 181-5,
interrogatories, examination o n , x i i i , 194
43, 73, 78, 7on, 82, 174 to be i n E n g l i s h , x i i i , 81, 174, 197
I r e l a n d , i x , x x v , 35, 36, 186, 202, 203, equality before, 95, 136, 143, 173;
205 see also peers, trial by; privileges
I r e t o n , H e n r y , i x , xvi-xvii, x x i , 4n, and inequalities
92n, 102, 103-5, 1 0 7 - 9 , 110-11, expense of, 79, 144, 148, 154
113-14, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120- fees for (see fees)
1, 125-7, 1 2 9 - 3 0 , 1 4 1n, 1 5 0 n , fundamental l a w / s and fundamental
205, 18on, 1 8 1 n , 210, 212 c o n s t i t u t i o n , 54, 102, 103-5, 107-
8, 1 1 o , 113, 114, 115, 121, 126-9,
James I o f E n g l a n d (and V I o f 179, 180, 184, 186
Scotland), 34 G o d ' s hvi/jure divino, x i x , 7, 1 o n ,
J o h n o f L e y d e n , 18n 45, 106, 109, 1 1 o , 119, 120, 163-
Jones (Captain i n the N e w M o d e l ) , 4, 164
200 Leveller law r e f o r m , xiii-xiv, x v i
and passim
Kiffin, William, 165n ' k n o w n and declared', 5- 8, 132
kings, n o t o f E n g l a n d , 5,31 ( G o d ) , l a n d , law o f t h e , 58, 117, 132, 134
36, 53 nature, law of, x i x , x x x i i , 4n, 27, 61,
kings o f E n g l a n d 106, 108-9, 110, 119, 123, 158,
action o f kings, x v i , 3 - 5 , 34-5, 38, 192; see also r i g h t : natural
48, 59-60, 63, 134-5, 184, 185 m a r t i a l , 153, 181-2, 194
not to be restored, 143 oppressive, 46
office and powers o f k i n g s h i p , 35-6, people's safety the supreme law,
44-5, 48, 55 (every m a n a k i n g ) , x v i i i , 56n
58, 60-4, 77n, 105, 106-7, 112, r u l e o f (no law, no transgression), 5,
114, 119, 131, 132, 133-4, 13 7 n , 173
162, 186 slowness o f process (to be rectified),
sacredness of, 50, 55 79, 144, 174
'we may beat the k i n g . . . b u t still t r a d i t i o n a l law and c u s t o m , appeal
he is k i n g ' , 4on t o , x x x i i i , 57-61, 102, 104-5, 186,
k i n g d o m ( o f E n g l a n d ) , 26, 103-5, 100, 1 9 2 - 3 , 194
109, 113, 119-25, 128, 129, 188, unequal p u n i s h m e n t s , x i i i , 79, 81,
189, 190 82-3, 137, 175
k i n g d o m s ( o f E n g l a n d and Wales, Scot- L e i g h , Sir E d w a r d , 73, 85, 86
land, and I r e l a n d ) , 27, 28, 5on L e n t h a l l , Sir J o h n , 7 - 8
Letter of the ministers of the City of
L a m b e , T h o m a s , 73n, 85, 205-6, 211 London, A (1646), 9n and
L a m b e r t , J o h n , 93, 1 2 6 n Toleration justified, passim
L a r n e r , W i l l i a m , 38, 206, 211 Leveller, Levellers; levelling, 202-13
L a u d , W i l l i a m , archbishop o f appeals to 'the people' x x x i i (see
C a n t e r b u r y , 4 1n 'people')
217
Index
Leveller, Levellers; levelling (cont.) The second part of Englands new

chronology, x x v - x x x chains, 210
collections o f leveller w r i t i n g s , The youngmens' and apprentices'
xxxiii-xxxiv outcry, x x x (also called The
as 'democrats', x i i - x i i i , x v i , x x i i ; see Outcrys xxxv)
terms o f revilement for other L i l b u r n e , Robert x x v i , 207
descriptions loans and t h e i r repayment, 4gn, 62,
deny levelling, 137, 151-2, 158, 137
160-1, 177, 170n; see also terms local elections, 175
o f revilement L o c k e , J o h n , x i i , 11 on
organisation, v i i i - x i , x x v i - x x v i i i , L o c k y e r , Nicholas, 92n
2 0 1 n , 211, 212 L o c k y e r , Robert, x i x , 181, 207
origins o f the movement v i i , 212 London
reforms desired, x i i i - x v i apprentices, 179
social status of, x i i , x v , 194, 206, City i n politics, v i i i - x , xxv-xxix,
212 x x x i i i , 39
the w o r d and t h e t h i n g , x , x v i , x x i - C o m m o n C o u n c i l , x x v , 10, 46, 75-
xxii 6, 87, I37n
Levellers (falsely so-called) vindicated, companies, 108, 137, 209
(1649), 179, 180, 182, 187, 193, freemen of, 108, I37n
194-5, 19 9 , 2 0 1n government of, 46, 137
l i b e r t y , liberties, freedom, freedoms, Levellers i n , v i i i - i x , x x v i , x x v i i ,
x x i , x x i i (see freedom o f 131, 211, 212
conscience), 5-6, 26, 28, 29, 35, m i l i t i a , 76n, 90, 99
36, 40, 50, 54, 55-8, 67, 68, 69, Ministers letter, see Letter of the
77, 78, 79, 81, 84, 87, 92, 93, 95, Ministers
98, I O O , I O I , 106, 112, 1 1 6 , 119, N e w M o d e l letter t o (June 1647),
122-3,127, 129,133,135, 138, 189-90
1 4 0 , 1 4 5 - 8 , 1 5 5 - 6 , 1 5 8 - 9 , 167, petitions, 10, 14-15
170,172,173,174,175,176,177, L o r d s as i n d i v i d u a l s , see peers
181,183,184,187,188,189,191, L o r d s , House of, see Parliament
192, 1 9 4 , 197, 199, 212 love, C h r i s t i a n love and c h a r i t y , x i x ,
life, r i g h t t o , 176, 181 xx, 11, 16-18, 22-4, 25, 6 6 - 7 ,
L i l b u r n e , Elizabeth (nee D e w e l l ) , 70- 161, 164, 192
1, 206 love o f c o u n t r y , people a n d other
Lilburne, John, v i i i - x i , xix, xxiii-xxx, secular goods, 30, 34, 35, 38, 41,
x x x i i i , 7n, 1 o n , 1 8 n , 33, 38, 40n, 48, 50, 68, 76, 81, 100, 125, 128,
6on, 82n, 92, 147n, 15on, 155-6, 139, 104, 194, 195, 198, 200, 201
158, 165n, 167, 168-9, 1 7 8 , 1 8 1 n ,
190, 20on, 201, 203, 205, 206-7,
209, 210, 211, 212, 213 M a c h i a v e l l i , N i c c o l o , 43
Christian mans trial, 206 Manchester, earl of, x x i v , 4on, 5on,
England's new chains discovered, x x i x , 203, 205, 206, 207
xxv, 140-57 M a g n a Carta, 46, 58, 69, 180, 194,
Freeman's freedom justified, i x , x i x , 212
xxv, 31-2 M a r t e n , H e n r y , 54, 6on, 92n, 207-8
Legall fundamental liberties, 18on m a r t y r d o m , 65, 67
Londons liberty in chains discovered, M e r c h a n t A d v e n t u r e r s , x i v , 46n, 79,
137 81, 212
On the 150th page, x x v , 3 - 8 m i l i t i a , c o n t r o l of, 3, 96
To the right honourable ( T h e p e t i t i o n M i l i t i a O r d i n a n c e , x x i v , 132n, 1 3 3 n
of, 11 September 1648), 131-9 M i l t o n , J o h n x i x , 208
218
Index
m i x e d m o n a r c h y (or government) x i v , mutiny i n , x - x i , xiii, xvii, xxvii,

x x i , 4, 1 3 2 n (the 'estates') x x i x , 165n, 179, 181-2, 183n
Moderate, The, x, x x v i i , 68n, 147n, officers, i x - x , x i , x i i i , xvii-xxiii,
1o6n, 208 48n, 82n, 90, 91, 92, 99, 1 3 9 n ,
monopolies, patents of, x i v , x v i - x v i i , 140-1, 144, 147, 149, 150, 151,
39, 46, 62, 76, 78, 79, 90, 136, 153, 154, 155, 166, 171 and 17 6 - 7
137, 144, 208 (officers i n all armies and
Musgrave, J o h n , 190 garrisons), 180, 185, 187, 192,
m u t i n y , see N e w M o d e l 193, 198, 203, 205-10, 213
regiments, x v i - x x i i , 92-3, 98, 101,
125, 13on, 15on, 176, 179, 1 8 1 n n ,
n a t i o n / s , 36, 40, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 182n, 193, 20on, 202-11
51, 52, 54, 56, 69, 76, 78, 81, 84, Remonstrance (20 N o v e m b e r 1647),
90, 100, 133, 144, 158, 159, 163, 1 9 1n
165, 168, 169, 170, 174, 180, 181, soldiers, i x , x, x i i , x i v , x v i i , x v i i i ,
185, 187, 195, 196, 197 x x i i , 4, 65, 90, 91, 92, 99, 120,
natural law, see law: nature, law o f 122, 134, 147, 149, 1 5 0 - 1 , 153,
nature, l i g h t of, 115, 128 154, 179, 181, 183, 187, 193, 198,
natural r i g h t s , see r i g h t 199, 202-13
Nedham, Marchamont, xi Solemn engagement (5 June 1647),
'negative voice' (veto over legislation) x x v , 179, 151, 185, 186, 193-4,
o f k i n g , and House o f L o r d s , x i v , 198, 205 (authorship)
38, 62, 77, 81, 132, 205 N o r m a n Conquest and Leveller
New Model Army, viii-xi, xxiv-xxix, a n t i - N o r m a n i s m , x x x i i , 34-5, 45,
50, 76n, 8 1 n , 90, 91, 106, 107, 46-7, 52, 102, 116, 1 5 9 n , 183,
119, 144, 202-7 184
against L o n d o n , x, xxv-xxviii, 1 4 1 n ,
204 obedience and subjection; disobedience
agents, x, x x v - x x v i i , 92, 98, 101, (see terms o f r e v i l e m e n t ) , x x - x x i ,
103n, 2 1 1 , 213 x x i v , 3 - 6 , 27, 56, 61, 63, 69, 96,
agitators, i x - x , x i i i , x x v , 92n, 151, 103, 106, 1 1 1 - 1 2 , 116-17, 1 4 3 ,
1 9 4 n , 207 158, 162, 165n, 171, 183n, 186,
attempts, to disband sections o f the 192, 197-8, 2 0 1n
a r m y , 4n, 151, 153, 186-8, 204 offices o f t r u s t for the well-affected,
C o u n c i l o f Officers, 1 4 4 n , 15on, 83, 89-90, 164
194n Overton, Richard, viii, x x v - x x v i ,
Declaration of the engagements, x x i x - x x x , x x i i i , 1 o n , 1 8 n , 3on,
remonstrances . . . from his 38n, 61, 69-70, 92n, 158, 1 6 5 n ,
excellency, A ( A r m y ' s book o f 167, 168-9, 1 7 8 , 190, 205, 207,
declarations), 185, 186 210, 211, 213
Declaration of Sir Thomas Fairfax Alarum to the House of Lords (1646),
and the Army, A (14 June 1647), 7on
x v , x x v , 4n, 100, 101, 151 and Arrow against all tyrants, x i x , 54-72
185 ('at T r i p l o e H e a t h ' ) , 187-9 Defiance against all arbitrary
(sometimes called The usurpations (1646), 6 1 n
representation of the Army) Divine observations upon the London
General C o u n c i l , x, x v , x v i i , xxvi- ministers' letter, ix
x x v i i , 92n, 102-30, 1 4 1 n , 182n, Man's mortality, 208
194, 2oon, 202, 212 A picture of the Council of State,
'grandees', 165n x x x , 210
L e t t e r t o L o n d o n (July 1647), 189- A remonstrance of many thousand
90 citizens, i x , x x v , 33-53
219
Index
O w e n , Sir J o h n , 147 powers and privileges, x x i , 3-8, 42,

5on
radical M P s , 1 4 1n
papists, see pope, popery 'Recruiters' t o , 51n
Parker, H e n r y , x x i v , 3n, 56n, 209 R u m p Parliament, 1 4 2 n , 176, 180-
Parliament v i i - x x x , and esp. 1, 183, 202
Acts and resolutions o f v i i , x x i i i - Second Protectoral Parliament, 207
x x i v , 6, 34n, 4 1 n , 42n, 46, 58-9, S h o r t Parliament, x x i i i
61, 62, 69, 78n, 132, 138, 140, peers, lords, nobles, 37-9, 41, 45, 71,
146, 147, 180, 183n 106, 111, 115, 116
annual, called for, 33, 49, 52, 97, peers
135, 142, 186 catholic, 78n
biennial elections, called for, x v i , trial by, 58-62, 81, 136, 142, 146-7,
93, 94, 107n, 204 176, 194, 197
committees, 65, 99, 138, 153, 154, 'people': various descriptions o f and
190 references t o , 9, 21, 26, 29, 33,
C o m m i t t e e o f Examinations, 8, 34, 35, 39, 40, 43, 45, 48, 49, 51,
73-4, 85-6, 87-9, 1 9 1n 65, 76, 78, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 101,
C o m m o n s , house of, 119, 134, 103, 106, 107, 112, 114, 117, 119,
137n, 146 122, 124, 126, 127, 128, 133, 139,
'supreme power', x i v , 18 (perhaps 141, 143n, 146, 1 4 9 - 5 2 , 154, 161,
w i t h L o r d s ) , 40, 62-4, (perhaps 168, 174, 177, 180, 183, 186, 187,
w i t h L o r d s ) , 69, 77, 80, 87, 188, 189, 193, 194, 195, 196, 198
1 3 1 - 5 , 1 4 0 , 155, 1 8 3 n good; safety; welfare; w e l l b e i n g of,
chosen b y the people, 5, 29, 33, 5, 6, 11, 17, 19, 20, 29, 33, 56,
35, 61, 60-70, 77, 81, 95-7 (a 62, 77, 91, 95, 97, 100, 101, 132,
new representative), 131, 140 133, 157, 161, 188, 191, 195
l i m i t e d and guided by t r u s t , 33, representative of, see 'Representative
44, 87, 95-7, 140, 148, 156 o f the people'; Parliament:
represents the people, 62-4, 69- C o m m o n s : chosen
7 0 , 133, 196 Pembroke, earl of, 1 4 9 n
c o m p o s i t i o n (social) of, x i v - x v Perfect Occurrences, 196
constituencies, r e f o r m o f proposed Perkins, M r (a soldier), 182
93-4, 102, 107n permanent, fixed, local, interest ( i n the
c o n s t i t u t i o n of, x i v , x x i k i n g d o m ) , 103-5, 108 - 9 , 113-17,
declarations and remonstrances of, 120, 122-3, 125 , 126 , 129
v i i , x, x i x , x x i , x x i i i , x x i v , 7, 35, Peter or Peters, H u g h , 118, 209
74, 76, 135, 183, 185n, 188, 196, Petition from his excellency . . .
see also Exact collection concerning the draught of an
liberty of, 125 Agreement, A, x x i x , 140-5, 147,
' L o n g Parliament' x x i , x x i i i , 42n, 166, 208, 209
206, 210 P e t i t i o n o f R i g h t (1628), x x i i i , 69, 172,
L o r d s , H o u s e of, x i v , x v i , x x v i , 175, 180, 181, 194
x x i x , 37-8, 42, 54, 57-64, 78, petitions and p e t i t i o n i n g , x i v , 10, 14-
105, 107, 112, 119, 132-4, 137n, 15, 69-70, 73-91, esp. 86; 140-55
138, 14on, 143, 146, 152, 176, esp. 145, 1 4 7 n , 148 and 155, 155-
206, 212 7, 163, 184, 185, 186, 196-7, 198,
m e e t i n g and dissolution times to be 209, 211, 212
reformed , 52-3, 94, 107n, 135, ' L a r g e P e t i t i o n ' , M a r c h 1647, i x ,
189, 194 x x v , 73-4, 77-84, 87, 88, 89, 150,
ordinances of, x i v , 10, 21, 49, 54, 212
64-7, 99n, 132n, 147, 153, 154, Petition o f n September 1648,
183n 131-9, 140, 161, 197
220
Index
Petty, M a x i m i l i a n , x x v i , 102, 112-14, weal, 3, 98, 124, 132, 151

127, 130, 209 ( c o m m o n good), 163, 189
P i g g i n (a soldier), 20on p u n i s h m e n t s , unequal, see l a w
' p o o r ' t h e , x v , 48, 72, 80, 103, 105-6, P u t n e y , debates, x , x i i i , x v , x x i , x x v i -
109, 114-15, 118, 120, 122, 127, x x v i i , x x x i i - x x x i i i , 102-30 (extract
136, 144 p u b l i s h e d ) , 204, 205, 209, 210,
Poor, maintenance f o r , 144, 15on 211, 213
pope, popery, papists, R o m i s h , P y m , J o h n , 133n, 210
catholic, v i i , x x i , x x x v , 12, 17, 2 1 , The speech or declaration (1641), 184,
39, 4 5 , 64, 65, 67, 147, 176, 208 193n
Poyer, J o h n , 181-2
practical C h r i s t i a n i t y , 164, 212 queens
predestination, 1 8 n Elizabeth, 34n
prerogative, k i n g ' s , 42, 62, 162 H e n r i e t t a M a r i a (Charles I's w i f e ) ,
Prerogative courts, 194 42, 138
C o u n c i l B o a r d o r T a b l e , 39, 42, 78, M a r y 65
137-8
R a d m a n , J o h n , 20on
H i g h C o m m i s s i o n , 39, 42, 43, 78-9,
R a i n b o r o u g h , Colonel T h o m a s , x v ,
137-8, 205
x v i i i , 92, 103, 105-7, 109-10,
Star C h a m b e r , 6n, 39, 42, 43, 69,
111-12, 114, 118, 119, 122, 124-
78, 137-8, 206, 209
5, 127, 210-11
Presbyterian
clergy, 9, 10-24, 2 6 - 8 , 45, 57, Reade, T h o m a s , 130
64-8 reason, reasons, reasonableness, 16, 18,
c h u r c h , v i i i , i x , 9, 1 8 n , 2 1 , 40, 45 20, 27, 28, 35, 55-7, 91, 105-6,
leadership, v i i i , 8 1 n , 203, 204 1 1 o , 117, 120, 121, 122, 132, 142,
members o f c h u r c h , 43, 1 6 4 n , 143, 212
210 r e l i g i o n , l i b e r t y of, see freedom o f
M P s , x , x x i v , 51, 64, 8 1 n , 88 conscience
'Political Presbyterians', 5 1 n , 1 8 2 n , Remonstrance of many thousands of free
203 people, x x x , 2 1 o n
press, freedom of, 10, 45, 51, 147, reparations u r g e d , 70, 81, 137, 190,
153-4 175, 199
Price, J o h n , 1 6 5 n Representation of the army (14 June
Pride's Purge, x x v i i i 1647), x x v , 4, 100
Prince, T h o m a s , x x i x , 158, 167, 168- 'representative' a n d 'real' bodies, 3 - 4 ,
9, 178, 209-10 62, 63
prison-keepers and gaolers: complaints 'Representative o f the people' A , x v -
against and reforms suggested, 80, x v i , 9 3 - 8 , 141-5, 170-7, 197
83 annual elections a n d succession,
privileges a n d inequalities o f treatment 141-2, 172, 186, 194
u n d e r l a w , x i v , 38, 41, 42, 143, biennial elections, 94, 142
the constituencies o f proposed, 93-
173
4, 102, 107, 170, 172
p r o p e r t y , properties, p r o p r i e t y , estate,
electors, 170
v i i , x v i , xxi-xxii, 5-6, 26, 36, 37,
franchise debated at Putney, 102-30
40, 41, 54, 55-8, 65, 68, 69, 75,
84, 95, 103-23, 125, 143, 160-1, l i m i t e d terms o f members, 96, 100
172, 175, 176, 181, 183, 196 m e m b e r s h i p of, 170-1
providence, 8, 106, 112, 115, 119, 120, powers of, 94, 142-3, 172-3
135, 145, 102, 1 6 9 , 170 reserves o r l i m i t a t i o n s o n powers,
P r y n n e, W i l l i a m , 26n, 78n, 206, 210 94-5, 97, 142-5, 170, 173-7
P r y o r , W i l l i a m , 98, 101 supreme legislative a u t h o r i t y , x v ,
p u b l i c good, interest, safety, freedom, 170, 172
221
Index
'Representative o f the people' A (cont.) Star Chamber, see Prerogative courts

t i m i n g and spacing o f meetings state, states, 17, 18, 19, 48, 106, 196,
141-2, 170-2 see also c o m m o n w e a l and
R i c h , N a t h a n i e l , 114, 118 commonwealth
Richardson, Samuel, 165 state o f nature, x v i i i
r i g h t and rights Strafford, earl of, x x i i i , 41, 181, 183,
c i v i l , 103 184, 203
c o m m o n , 69, 92, 93, 151, 189 subsidies, 65n, 136, 174 5
fundamental, 187, 188 supreme power ( w h e n n o t i n House o f
native, 95, 97, 101, 180, 184, 192 C o m m o n s ) , 18, 133-4, 1 4 3 n , 1 7 0 ,
('liberties and freedoms') see also sovereignty; Parliament:
natural, 54, 55-7, 69, 103, 108, 109, C o m m o n s ; 'Representative o f the
112, 114, 117, 121, 123, 128 People'
('natural p r o p r i e t y ' ) , 129
T a t e , Z o u c h , 54, 64
R o b o r o u g h , H e n r y , 29
taverns and inns
R o m a n Senate, 114
' T h e B u l l I n n ' , 181
Romans 13, xx
'The M o u t h ' , xxvi
Russell, W i l l i a m , 98, 101
'The W i n d m i l l ' , xxxvi
taxation, 39, 40, 42, 49, 65, 66, 79, 83,
Salisbury, earl of, 149n
136, 144, 15on, 172-3, 174, 175,
salvation, see predestination; free grace
197
Savage, J o h n 181
terms o f revilement (against
Saye and Sele, L o r d , 39n, 126n
Levellers), 80, 83, 86, 89-90, 98,
Scots, Scotland, v i i - x i i , x x i , x x i i i - x x v ,
100, 108-10, 112, 151-2, 167, 169
x x v i i i , 13n, 26n, 30, 35, 38, 40,
T e w , Nicholas, 73, 88-9, 205, 208,
45, 92, 133, 203, 204, 207, 211
211
Scrope or Scroope, Colonel A d r i a n ,
T h o m a s o n , George, ix
182n
T h o m p s o n (a C o r n e t i n the N e w
seafaring, s h i p p i n g , fishing and
M o d e l ) , 181
navigation, 79, 99n, 144
tithes, x i v , x v i , 65, 66, 79, 83, 137,
Seaman, Lazarus, 29
143n, 144, 1 5 o n , 154, 175, 197
Second part of England's new chains
toleration, 1 1 - 2 9 , 51
discovered, x x i x
T r a b r e t , W i l l i a m , 179, 201
sectarian congregations, separatists,
tradesmen, trade, t r a d i n g , 40, 49, 79,
'the separation', 'sects', v i i i , 9,
104, 108, 117, 136, 144, 174, 184
10-12, 17-19, 22-3, 26-8, 43,
T r e a t y o f N e w p o r t , 131n, 133, 134,
74n, 76n, 79, 81, 1 6 5 n , 202, 206;
see also terms o f revilemen t 155
Self-denying Ordinance, 153 trust: powers entrusted and l i m i t e d ,
separatist, see sectarian congregations x v i i i , 3, 5, 33-4, 45, 53, 55, 67,
servants, 38, 42, 43, 114, 129-30, 170 81, 95-6, 140, 142, 143n, 145,
Sexby, E d w a r d , i x , x x v , 92n, 119-20, 1 7 0 , 177
T u l i d a h , M a j o r Alexander, 74, 86, 88,
124-5, 202, 208-9, 209, 211
211-12
ship money, x x i i i , 39, 62, 78, 132, 144
T u r k s and T u r k e y , 17, 47-8
Sion College, 9, 29
Tyler, Watt, xxii
S m i t h , Stephen, 179, 201
t y r a n n y and tyrants, 4 - 5 , 27, 31, 41,
Solemn League and Covenant, v i i i , x x i ,
54, 56-7, 67, 77, 96, 106, 1 1 1 ,
13, 27-8, 5on, 8on, 82n, 206
1 1 4 , 134, 138, 153, 154, 161, 164,
sovereignty, 57, 61, 63-4, 69, 140; see
177, 183n, 184, 190, 194, 198
also supreme power
Stanley, E d w a r d , 179, 201 understanding, t h e , 19, 20, 31, 44, 82,
Stapleton, S i r P h i l l i p , 8 1 n , 88-9, 147 113, 120, 152, 158, 168
222
Index
Vane, Sir H e n r y the younger, 126n A touchstone for physick, 213

V o t e o f no Addresses, x x v i i , 131n A remonstrance of many thousand
citizens, i x , x x v , 33-53
Waldgrave, E d w a r d , 179, 201 W a r e , m u t i n y at, x v i i , x x v i i , 181n,
Wales, v i i i , x x i v , x x v i i , 7, 36, 190 203-4, 207, 211, 213
W a l k e r , George, 29 watermen, 99n, 144n
Walwyn, William, viii, xiii, xviii, xix, Weale or Whealey, M a t t h e w , 98, 101
x x i i i , 7, 1 o n , 1 8 n , 38n, 4 o n , 1 3 1 n , Weaver's H a l l , 49n
1 4 1 n , 144n, 1 6 5 n , 167, 168-9, Westminster Assembly o f D i v i n e s , xx,
178, 210 x x v , 9, 11, 14n, 15, 30, 43
Agreement of the people, 92-101 W h a l l e y , Robert, 181n
Gold tried in the fire, 73-91 W h a r t o n , L o r d , 126n
Juries justified, x x x , 213 W h i t e , W i l l i a m , 179, 201
A manifestation, 158-66, 168, 210, W i l d m a n , J o h n , x i i i , x v i , x x x i i i , 92n,
212 103n, 115-16, 137n, 141n, 144n,
Petition o f n September 1648, 208, 211, 213
131n Putney projects, 213
Putney projects, x x v i i w o m e n and females, i n general terms,
Toleration justified, v i i i , xxv 31, 78, 83, 205
(modernisation o f Tolleration), Wootton, David, xii
9-30
223

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Introduction: the English Levellers, 1645-1649 page vii

10 John Lilburne, England's new chains discovered. 26

Select biographies 202

A d a m , and A d a m and Eve, 31-2, 57, i n natural equality, 31-2, 55-7

Brooke, L o r d , 39 C o w l i n g , Nicholas, 102, 115

Cade, Jack, x x i i debt, debtors, see i m p r i s o n m e n t s , for

e q u i t y and 'equalness' (cont.) fundamental law and c o n s t i t u t i o n , see

(see 'sectarian congregations'), x x v , law and laws, 91, 195, 212

Leveller, Levellers; levelling (cont.) The second part of Englands new

m i x e d m o n a r c h y (or government) x i v , mutiny i n , x - x i , xiii, xvii, xxvii,

O w e n , Sir J o h n , 147 powers and privileges, x x i , 3-8, 42,

Petty, M a x i m i l i a n , x x v i , 102, 112-14, weal, 3, 98, 124, 132, 151

'Representative o f the people' A (cont.) Star Chamber, see Prerogative courts

Vane, Sir H e n r y the younger, 126n A touchstone for physick, 213

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