CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF ADULT EDUCATION

IN IKWUANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ABIA STATE

BY

NWAOGU, AMARACHI
MOUAU/SWP/14/005

A PROJECT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

ADULT AND CONTINUING EDUCATION, COLLEGE OF EDUCATION,
MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, UMUDIKE IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
BACHELOR IN EDUCATION (B.Ed) IN ADULT EDUCATIN

……………………………………..
PROF. NNEKA UMEZULIKE
SUPERVISOR

MARCH, 2021.

i
 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to Almighty God for his mercies and kindness in my life.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am grateful to God almighty for his gift of life, protection and guidance
throughout the course of this programme. Special thanks and sincere appreciation
goes to my project supervisor Prof. Nneka Umuzurike for her contributions,
morally and academically all through this work.

My gratitude also goes to my lecturers, my HOD Prof. T.N Kanno and Dr. Ogechi
Obiozor, Dr. J.C. Aliwa, Mrs. Chinwe Ugwu, Dr. Ejinwa and other lecturers too
numerous to mention for their support and guidance academically. .

My gratitude goes in a special way to my caring husband, Hon Chief Emeka

Nwagu whose love, encouragement, continual support throughout my stay in
school keep me going, my special gratitude goes to my siblings who was there for
me throughout the programme. .

And finally, I am not forgetting all my friends in school which include, Mrs Ngozi
Oje Ihedigbo, Mrs Justina Omeje and Mrs Joy Dimgba may the good Lord bless
you all.

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
Dedication          ii
Acknowledgements        iii
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of Problem 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study 6
1.4 Significance of the study 7
1.5 Research Questions 8
1.6 Research Hypotheses 8
1.7 Scope of the study                                                                                        9
1.8 Limitations of the study 10

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11

2.1    Conceptual Framework 11

2.1.1  The concept and definitions of Adult Education                                     11

2.1.2  Characteristics of Adult Education 14

2.1.3  Benefit Accrued in Adult Education                               16

2.1.4 Objectives of Adult Education                                              17

2.1.5  Innovations in Adult Education programs in Nigeria                               18

2.1.6 Issues and Challenges facing Adult Education in Nigeria 20

iv
2.1.7 Deterring factors for participation in Education 24
2.1.8 Emerging perspective 26
2.1.9 Suggested suggestions to challenges facing Adult Education 28
2.2 Theoretical framework   30
2.2.1 Lindeman’s theories                   30
2.2.2 Andragogy theory 31
2.3 Empirical Study             33
2.4 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY                36

3.1 Research Design 36
3.2 Area of the study 37
3.3 Population of the Study 37
3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques 38
3.5  Instrument for Data collection 38
3.6  Validation of the Instrument 39

3.7 Reliability of the Instrument 39

3.8 Method/procedure for Data Collection 40
3.9 Method of Data Analysis 40
REFERENCES

v
vi
 CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF ADULT EDUCATION
IN IKWUANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL, ABIA STATE

BY

NWAOGU AMARACHI
MOUAU/SWP/14/005

A PROJECT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

ADILT AND CONTINUING EDUCATION, COLLEGE OF EDUCATION,
MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, UMUDIKE IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
BACHELOR IN EDUCATION (B.Ed) IN ADULT EDUCATIN

……………………………………..
PROF. NNEKA UMEZURIKE
SUPERVISOR

MARCH, 2020.

vii
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled – Challenges and prospect of Adult
Education in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State written by
Nwaogu Amarachi (MOUAU/SWP/14/005), has not been written in whole or part
by any other person in this University or around it. This work has been examined,
found accepted for the award of Bachelor of Education (B.Sc,Ed) in Adult and
continuing Education.

NWAOGU AMARACH      Sign……………. ….Date ……………

MOUAU/SWP/14/005

viii
 CERTIFICATION

We certify that this Project Report titled: Challenges and respect of Adult
Education in Ikwuano Local Government Area, Abia State)
Written by: Nwaogu Amarachi  with Registration Number
(MOUAU/SWP/14/005) This work has been examined, found accepted for the
award of Bachelor of Education (B.Sc,Ed) in Adult and continuing Education.

………………………………….. ………………………….
PROF.NNEKA UMEZURIKE DATE
PROJECT SUPERVISO

………………………………………… …………………………
PROF. T.N.KANO DATE
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT:             
  

………………………………………….. ………………………….
EXTERNAL EXMINER DATE

ix
 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to Almighty God for his mercies and kindness in my life.

x
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am grateful to God almighty for his gift of life, protection and guidance
throughout the course of this programme. Special thanks and sincere appreciation
goes to my project supervisor Prof. Nneka Umuzurike for her contributions,
morally and academically all through this work.

My gratitude also goes to my lecturers, my HOD Prof. T.N Kanno and Dr. Ogechi
Obiozor, Dr. J.O. Aliwa, Dr. Ejinwa and other lecturers too numerous to mention
for their support and guidance academically. .

My gratitude goes in a special way to my caring husband, Hon Chief Emeka

Nwagu whose love, encouragement, continual support throughout my stay in
school keep me going, my special gratitude goes to my siblings who was there for
me throughout the programme. .

And finally, I am not forgetting all my friends in school which include, Mrs Ngozi
Oje Ihedigbo, Mrs Justina Omeje and Mrs Joy Dimgba may the good Lord bless
you all.

xi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification                                                                                              iii
Dedication         iv
Acknowledgements        v
Abstract          vi

CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of Problem 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study 6
1.4 Research Questions 6
1.5 Research Hypotheses 7
1.6 Significance of the study 7
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the study 8
1.8 Definition of terms 9

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11

2.1    Conceptual Framework 11

2.1.1  Culture                                                                                                   11

2.1.2  Organizational culture 11

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2.1.3  Characteristics of Organizational Culture                                14

2.1.4 Dimensions of Organizational Culture                                             15

2.1.5  Conceptualizations of culture of organizations                                        16
2.1.6 Employee Performance 17
2.1.7 Strategic performance measurement system (SPMS) 18
2.1.8 Impact of organizational culture on performance 20
2.1.9 Organizational culture and employee performance variables 23
2.2 Theoretical framework   27

2.2.1Feedback and Reward Model. Deal and Kennedy (2012)                   27

2.2.2 Organizational Mechanisms Model. Edgar Schein, (2014) 29

2.2.3 Authority Model. Charles Handy (2015) 30

2.3 Empirical Review             31

2.4 Identified Gap in Literature 33

2.5 Summary of Reviewed Related Literature 34

CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY               35

3.1 Research Design 35
3.2 Sources of Data 35
3.3 Population of the Study 35
3.4 Sample size Determination 35
3.5  Sampling Technique 37
3.6  Description of the Research Instrument   37

3.7 Validation of the Instrument 37

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3.8 Reliability of the Instrument 38
3.9 Method of Data Analysis 38
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION 39
4.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent 40
4.2 Responses to the Questionnaire items 43
4.3 Hypotheses Testing 46
4.4 Discussion of findings 49

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND

                               RECOMMENDATIONS 50
5.1 Summary 50
5.2 Conclusion 51
5.3 Recommendations 53  
REFERENCES

xiv
 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE       PAGE
4.1 Distribution and collection of Questionnaire 40
4.2 Data Presentation             43

4.3 Correlation coefficient table for Analysis of Hypotheses                 46

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 ABSTRACT

This study is focused on the effect of organizational culture on employee performance. Taking Ikwuano Local
Government Area as a case study. The main objective of the study was to examine the effect of organizational
culture on employee performance. The qualitative survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the
study was 957 while the sample size of 282 was determined using Taro Yemani’s formula for determining sample
size. The analysis was done using statistical tests such as percentages, frequency distribution tables and inferential
statistical test such as correlation coefficient to determine the degree of association between organizational culture
and employee performance. Major findings showed that The result shows that there is a positive correlation
between teamwork values and employee effectiveness. The result also reveals that There is also a positive
correlation between norms and employee productivity. This is a pointer that a well-planned teamwork values and
norms would boost the overall effectiveness and productivity of the organization through performance improvement.
The study recommends that management of the council should encourage adequate team work values among
employees as this will promotes the good name of the organizations and continues to enhance the overall
effectiveness of the council. Local government council is advocated to provide structures that will encourage and
enhance norms among the members of the workforce and the management staff as this promote positive initiative
that accelerated productivity.

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1.8 Limitations of the Study

The researcher encountered some constraints. The limitations of this study are as
follows.

Material constraint: There was shortage of materials to build literature review.

The research has to move from one library to other in search of materials since
materials were not readily available in one library. It has been laborious

Financial constraint: Researching on the challenges and prospect of adult

education in all the adult education centres in Ikwuano Local Government Area
Abia State was high money consuming venture and very cumbersome task for the
researcher. Money was required in shutting around all the adult education centres
in Ikwuano. There was shortage of money to carry out other research related
activities.

Time constraint:- The researcher also encountered time constraint, since the time
required for his study was short the researcher has no option than to work more
harder without adequate rest in other to hasten up and provide findings of the
study.

Lack of co-operation/apathy:- The researcher has encountered lack or co-

operation from some staff in the organization, who viewed the study with
suspicion, thinking that their honest expression through granting interview could
cost them their jobs. She also encountered apathetic behaviour from some

xvii
respondent who were pessimistic that the study will not alleviate the problem of
adult education in Ikwuano Local Government Area Abia State

xviii