Brief Explanation of The Materials For Semester 1

Past tense
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

For other uses, see past tense (disambiguation).
The past tense is a verb tense expressing action, activity, state or being in the past of the
current moment (in an absolute tense system), or prior to some other event, whether that is
past, present, or future (in a relative tense system).
1. Preterite (or simple past)

2. Present perfect (see perfect aspect)
Each of these may also be found in the progressive (continuous) aspect.
Simple past is formed for regular verbs by adding –ed to the root of a word. Example: He
walked to the store. A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive
form. Example: He did not walk to the store. Question sentences are started with did as in
Did he walk to the store?
Simple past is used for describing acts that have already been concluded and whose exact
time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events.
That is why it is commonly used in storytelling.
Past progressive is formed by using the adequate form of to be and the verb’s present
participle: He was going to church. By inserting not before the main verb a negation is
achieved. Example: He was not going to church. A question is formed by prefixing the
adequate form of to be as in Was he going?.
Past progressive is used for describing events that were in the process of occurring when a
new event happened. The already occurring event is presented in past progressive, the new
one in simple past. Example: We were sitting in the garden when the thunderstorm started.
Use is similar to other languages' imperfect tense.
Present perfect simple is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle
form: I have arrived. A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has: I have not
arrived. Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:
Has she arrived?
Present perfect simple is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has
arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for
events that have not yet occurred.
Present perfect progressive is formed by prefixing have/has before the grammatical particle
been and the verb’s present participle form: We have been waiting. A negation is expressed
by including not between have/has and been: They have not been eating. As with present
perfect simple, for forming a question, have/has is put at the beginning of a sentence: Have
they been eating?
Present perfect progressive is used for describing an event that has been going on until the
present and may be continued in the future. It also puts emphasis on how an event has
occurred. Very often since and for mark the use of present perfect progressive: I have been
waiting for five hours / I have been waiting since three o’clock.
Furthermore, there is another version of past tense possible: past perfect, similar to other
languages' pluperfect tense.
Past perfect simple is formed by combining the simple past form of to have with the simple
past form of the main verb: We had shouted. A negation is achieved by including not after
had: You had not spoken. Questions in past perfect always start with had: Had he laughed?
Past perfect simple is used for describing secluded events that have occurred before
something else followed. The event that is closer to the present is given in simple past tense:
After we had visited our relatives in New York, we flew back to Toronto.
Past perfect progressive is formed by had, the grammatical particle been and the present
participle of the main verb: You had been waiting. For negation, not is included before been:
I had not been waiting. A question sentence is formed by starting with had: Had she been
waiting?
If emphasis is put on the duration of a concluded action of the past, since and for are signal
words for past perfect progressive: We had been waiting at the airport since the 9 P.M. flight.
/ They had been waiting for three hours now.
Brief explanation of the materials for

semester 1

1. Sympathy Expressions
I. Brief Description Of Material :
The definition of sympathy expression:
Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and
see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing
sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people’s condition.

How can we give sympathy expression to someone?
We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by
short message service (SMS), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got
the trouble is far from us.
Several expressions of sympathy :
- I’d like to express my deepest condolences
- I’m sorry to hear that
- I’m awfully sorry about…
- Oh, how awful!
- Oh, dear!
- You must be very upset
- Oh, what a shame
- How pity you are!
- How terrible / awful for you
Example of dialogue that expresses sympathy in a certain situation :
Miss Agnes Hansella : You know what? Ewo has lost his wallet.
Noveni Irawati : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that
2. Greetings
Greeting is the expression which is used to address someone or other people
A. How do you greet other people?
1. Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening/Night, nite

2. Hello, Ewo
 Hello, Agnes
3. How are you?
4. How’s everything with you?
5. How’s life ?
6. How are you getting along ?
7. How are you doing ?
a) Fine, thanks
b) Pretty good, thanks
c) I’m well, thanks
d) Not bad, thanks. And you?
8. Hi, Nurul
o Hi, Pirta
What’s up?
Give me five
Give me a hug
Hi there!
B. How do you introduce yourself?
(1) Let me introduce my self, my name is Oghy

(2) Hello, I’m Golda
(3) Hi, I’m Adi Pramono. You can call me Mono.
(4) Hello, my name is Yeni Pratiwi
C. How do you introduce other people?
- I would like to introduce Ria Saputri

- I would like you to meet Grace
- Excuse me, let me introduce you a new friend. His name is Agus Kuncoro
D. How do you close or end your conversation?

- Well, I should be going now. See you!
- I’m sorry, but I have to go now. It’s been nice talking with you. See you later
- Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!
Bye bye
Good bye
Have a good time
GBU
Be careful, take care
See you
So long
See you soon
See you later, make a call, will you?

3. Appointment

Appointment tells about agreement for meeting. It is good to make an appointment
before you meet someone or people
I. Making an Appointment
 I’d like to make an appointment with Kristian
• I want to make an appointment to see…..
• I’d like you to come and see
• Can I come and see you?
 I’ll be there
 What about….(thank you)
II. Accepting an Appointment

• All right, see you there
• No problem, I’m free on….(Thursday)
• Be there on time
• I’ll wait for you
• It’s a deal
III. Canceling an Appointment
• I’m sorry, I’m very busy
• I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment
• I’m afraid I have to postpone my appointment with….(Dr. Stephen Tong)

tomorrow morning

IV. Changing an Appointment
• What about …..(Thursday at 04.00 p.m.)
• Is that ok, if we meet at…..
• Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!
• Could we change the schedule of the meeting?
• Do you have another time this afternoon
4. Giving Instruction

Giving Instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what
we instruct or request.
The example expressions of giving instruction :
a. Open your book!

b. Close the door, please!
c. Be quiet, please!
d. Move the chair!
e. Open the window!
f. Pass me the sugar, please!
g. Stand up, please!
Note : The tense used in giving instruction is “simple present”
5. Happiness Expression

Happiness Expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are
glad have excited feelings
What would you say to express you happiness?
- I’m happy……
- I’m (very)pleased / (really) delighted (about)….
- I can’t say how pleased / delighted I am about it
- I am so glad to hear that
- Great!
- Terrific!
- Fantastic!
6. ANNOUNCEMENT

The definition of announcement

Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened
or (more often) what will happen.
In writing an announcement, keep the following points ;
- the title/type of event,
- Date/time, place and
- contact person
The example of an announcement :
ANNOUNCEMENT

COMMITTEE
SCHOOL TRIP TO TANGKISUNG BEACH
On 28th of August, the school will hold a school trip to Tangkisung Beach.
Departure time : 07:30 a.m.
Programs : Morning swimming, games, volley ball; lunch in the sea view restaurant.
Afternoon walk along the beach to the lagoon;
watch the boat festival.
Fee : Rp50,000.00
Contact person : Oghy, Nurul, Diesta
Chair person
Ewo Jatmiko
7. narrative text

The definition of narrative text :
Narrative text is a text that is used for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating,
stimulating emotions, motivating, guiding and teaching the readers or the listeners and
it usually deals with actual or vicious experience. Narrative texts such as : Fable
(mouse deer and crocodile), Legend / folk tales (Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang), Fairy
Tale (Cinderella, snow white, pinochio)
The generic structures of narrative text :
1. Orientation : It sets the scene and introduces the participants (it answers
the questions = who, when, what, where).
2. Evaluation : A stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about
the narrator’s point of view); it is optional.
3. Complication : A crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main
Characters.
4. Resolution : a solution to the problem (for better or worse). Main
characters find ways to solve the problem.
Some important points in the story of narrative text are:
It uses temporal conjunction :ex. once upon a time, before, after, etc.
It uses simple past tense :ex. there lived a …..,one day there was….etc
The example of narrative text :
A. Jack and the Beanstalk
There was once upon a time a poor widow who had an only son named Jack. They
were so poor that they didn’t have anything except a cow. When the cow had grown too
old, his mother sent Jack to sell it. On the way to the market, Jack met a butcher who
had some beautiful beans in his hand. The butcher told the boy that the beans were of
great value and persuaded the silly lad to sell the cow for the beans.
Jack brought them happily. When he told his mother about this, his mother became
so angry that she threw the beans out of the window.
When Jack woke up in the morning, he felt the sun shining into a part of his room,
but all the rest was quite dark and shady.
So he jumped to the window. What did he see? The beanstalk grew up quite close
past Jack’s window. He opened the window and jumped onto the beanstalk which ran
up just like a big ladder.
He climbed…and climbed till at last he reach the sky. While looking around, he saw
a very huge castle. He was very amazed.
8. Recount Text

The Definition Of Recount Text
Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing or
entertaining.
The generic structures of recount text are :
1. Orientation ( it gives the readers the background information needed to
understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it
happened)
2. Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
3. Re-orientation (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer
on the incident
The significant Lexicogrammatical features :
- Use of simple past tense
- Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then)
- Use of personal pronoun (I, we)
The example of Recount Text :
An Unlucky Day

One morning, I got up with the feeling that the day was going to be an unlucky one for
me. How right it was! Found that it was already 06:15 a.m..
I rushed into the bathroom. I did not see a piece of soap lying on the floor as I stepped
on it and slipped, almost breaking my back in the process.
Then, I went into the dining room for my breakfast. I gulped down the tea without
realizing that it was very hot. It burnt my tongue. I spat it out and could not eat anything
because my tongue hurt. I got dressed and rushed to the bus stop.
Unfortunately, I just missed the bus. My heart sank and I knew that I would be late for
school.
When I reached school. My name was taken down by the teacher. The teacher scolded
me for being late. To my humiliation, I was made to stand outside the class. I was so upset
by the incidents that I could not study properly. But worse was to come.
After school, I was on my way home when something hard hit me on the head.
Someone hand thrown a bag of fish bones out of the window and it landed on me! I was
boiling with rage but could do nothing. However, luckily for me, this only raised a small
lump on my head.
I managed to reach home safe and sound, and did not dare to go out again for the
rest of the day.
9. Invitation
Invitation tells about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular
program or activity.
How to invite someone:
- I would like you to….

- We would be pleased if you could…
- Would you please attend my party tonight?
- Would you like to…..?
- Shall we…?
- How about…?
- If you don’t mind, please come to house tomorrow
- Let’s have dinner together with me tonight
- Would you mind coming to my birthday party?
How to accept an invitation :
- O.K.!
- I would love to
- I will come
- Thank you, Yes, I would like to…
- Yes, I would. Thanks.
- That would be very nice. Thank you
- All right!
How to refuse/decline an invitation :
- I would love to, but…
- That’s nice/great. Unfortunately/However…
- That’s very kind of you, but…
- Sorry, that wouldn’t be possible. Thanks anyway
- I’m afraid I can’t
- I can’t for now because I’m busy
The example of dialogue of invitation:

Laveanna Sasmita : hi, Nuansa, what are you going to do tonight?
Nuansa M. Apui : I will just stay at home. I’m free tonight
Lavenna sasmita : Well then, would you like to come to my birthday tonight?
Nuansa M. Apui : Oya, you are going to celebrate your birthday, what time?
Lavenna Sasmita : At 7.00 p.m. I hope you can come
Nuansa M. Apui : Yes, I would. Thanks.
Lavenna M. Apui : Thank you very much. I will be waiting for you. Good bye now
Nuansa M. Apui : Good bye

10. ADVERTISEMENT
- The definition of advertisement.
Advertisement is an information for persuading and motivating people so that they

will attract to the service and the things that are offered or informed.
- Function of advertisement:
 Promotion
 Communication
 Information
- In making advertisement, keep the following points :
1. Language of advertisement :
 Using the correct or suitable words
 Using the interesting and suggestive expressions
 Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals

2. Content of advertisement :
 Objective and honest
 Brief and clear
 Not allude group or other producer.
- Kinds of advertisement :
1.Family advertisement
2.Invitation advertisement
3.Sponsored advertisement
4.Requested advertisement
5.News advertisement
6.Announcement advertisement
7.Goods advertisement
8.Merit advertisement
- Media of advertisement
 By television
 By radio
 Billboard
 Leaflet
 Pamflet etc.
- Example of Advertisement
Vacancy
FOUR STAR HOTEL IN JAKARTA IS PRESENTLY LOOKING FOR

1. SALES MANAGER
2. CHIEF ACCOUNTANT
3. PURCHASING MANAGER
4. RESTAURANT MANAGER
5. BAR MANAGER
6. CHIEF THE PARTIE(S). JAPANESE/EUROPEAN
7. BANQUET COORDINATOR
8. ASSISTANT F & B MANAGER
9. ASSISTANT CHIEF ENGINEER
10. BAR STAFF/WAITER/WAITRESSES
FOR
(LOUNGE BAR OPENING SOON)
ALL APPLICANTS SHOULD HAVE AT LEAST 3 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN POSITION WITH STRONG
LEADERSHIP, GOOD COMMAND,WILLING TO WORK UNDER PRESSURE, AND ATTRACTIVE
SALARY & BENEFITS
PLEASE SEND YOUR APPLICATION TO
GENERAL MANAGER
P.O. BOX. 7177/JKS CL. 12071
11. Gaining attention

- Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay
their attention to what we want to.
- The example expressions of gaining attention :
• Attention, please
• May I have your attention, please?
• Excuse me, look here!
• Listen to me, please
• Waiter?
• I’m sorry, but…
• Wow really?
12. Procedure Text

The Definition Of Procedure Text
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through
a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a
sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It
also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.
The generic structures of proceduret text are :
1)Goal/aim ( or title)
2)Materials (not required for all procedural texts)
3)Steps (the actions that must be taken)
The example of Procedure Text :
How to make a sandwich (aim/goal)

You need (materials)
 2 slices of bread
 peanut butter
 a banana
 honey
What you should do are : (steps)
1. Take two slices of bread
2. Spread peanut butter
3. Cut up a banana onto small slices and put them on one of the slices
4. Pour some honey over the bananas
5. Put the other slice of bread on top
13. Past Tense

The Definition Of Past Tense :
1. Simple Past Tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action
that happened already in a certain time in the past
 The pattern : (+) Subject + verb II + complement
(-) Subject + did not + verb II + complement
(?) Did + subject + verb I
 The examples : (+) I went to Tangkiling yesterday
(-) I did not go anywhere last night
(?) Did you go last week?
 Adverbs used : yesterday, lat night, last week, two days ago, e few minutes
ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc.
2. Past Continuous Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an
action which was happening in a certain time in the past
 The pattern : (+) Subject + was/were +verb-ing+ complement
(-) Subject + was not/were not+verb-ing+ complement
(?) was/were+ subject + verb-ing+complement
 The examples :(+) He was writing a letter at eight o’clock last night
(-) He was not writing a letter at seven o’clock
last night
(?) Were you writing a letter at eight last night?
 Adverbs used : at the time like this yesterday, at seven o’clock last night,
etc.
3. Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an
event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till in a
certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or
an event that had happened before the other event or action happened
 The pattern : (+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement
 The examples : (+) We had eaten before they came
(-) They had not eaten before we came
(?) Had they eaten before we got back?
 Adverbs used : from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

SILABUS
Nama Sekolah : SMA ............
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas : X
Semester : 1
Standar Kompetensi Kompetensi Dasar Materi Pembelajaran Kegiatan Pembelajaran Indika

Mendengarkan
1.1 Merespon makna yang terdapat dalam
1 Memahami percakapan transaksional (to get
makna dalam things done) dan interpersonal
percakapan o berkenalan,  Mendengarkan  Mengidentifikasi makn
(bersosialisasi) resmi dan tak resmi
transaksional dan yang menggunakan ragam bahasa bertemu/berpisah percakapan berkenalan
interpersonal dalam lisan sederhana secara akurat, lancar interpersonal/transaksi
konteks kehidupan dan berterima dalam konteks mis. A: Pleased to onal melalui tape  Merespon tindak tutur
sehari-hari kehidupan sehari-hari dan melibatkan meet you! secara klasikal
tindak tutur: berkenalan,
 Mengidentifikasi makn
bertemu/berpisah, menyetujui B: Pleased to meet  Mendiskusikan menyetujui tawaran/un
ajakan/tawaran/ undangan, menerima you too! berbagai tindak tutur
janji, dan membatalkan janji lain yang dapat
 Merespon tindak tutur
digunakan dalam
o menyetujui tawaran/undangan/ aja
percakapan yang
ajakan/tawaran/ didengar secara
undangan berpasangan.  Mengidentifikasi makn

menerima janji
mis. A: Come to my  Mendiskusikan respon
party. yang diberikan
terhadap tindak tutur
Mengungkapkan makna dalam B: Thanks for the yang didengar secara
percakapan transaksional (to get invitation berkelompok  Mengidentifikasi makn
membatalkan janji
things done) dan interpersonal
(bersosialisasi) resmi dan tak resmi o menerima janji
secara akurat, lancar dan berterima  Merespon tindak tutur
dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa
mis. A: I’ll get you the
lisan sederhana dalam konteks
book.
kehidupan sehari-hari dan melibatkan
tindak tutur: berkenalan,  Bermain peran secara
B: It’s very kind of you. berpasangan
bertemu/berpisah, menyetujui

ajakan/tawaran/ undangan, menerima
janji, dan membatalkan janji o membatalkan janji

mis. A: I’m sorry I can’t  Melakukan tourist
Berbicara make it. hunting dan merekam
percakapannya*
3. Mengungkapkan B: That’s OK. We’ll
makna dalam do it some other
percakapan time.
transaksional dan
interpersonal  Menggunakan tindak
dalam konteks
kehidupan sehari-  Melakukan percakapa
hari.
 Menggunakan tindak
tawaran/undangan/aja

ajakan/ tawaran/ unda
percakapan

janji
* Kegiatan Pembelajaran ini dilakukan di daerah yang merupakan daerah kunjungan wisata mancanegara.

Standar Kompetensi Kompetensi Dasar Materi Pembelajaran Kegiatan Pembelajaran Indikator

Mendengarkan

1. Memahami 3.1 Merespon makna yang
makna dalam terdapat dalam
percakapan percakapan transaksional o mengungkapkan  Mendengarkan  Mengidentifikasi makna tin
transaksional (to get things done) dan perasaan percakapan tutur mengungkapkan
dan interpersonal bahagia interpersonal/transaksi perasaan bahagia
interpersonal (bersosialisasi) resmi dan onal melalui tape
dalam konteks tak resmi yang mis. A: I’m so secara individu.  Merespon tindak tutur
kehidupan menggunakan ragam happy to get mengungkapkan perasaan
sehari-hari bahasa lisan sederhana a bahagia
secara akurat, lancar dan scholarship.
berterima dalam konteks  Mendiskusikan tindak  Mengidentifikasi makna tin
kehidupan sehari-hari dan B: I’m happy tutur yang digunakan tutur menunjukkan simpati
melibatkan tindak tutur: for you. dalam percakapan

mengungkapkan yang didengar secara
perasaan bahagia,  Merespon tindak tutur
o menunjukkan berpasangan. menunjukkan simpati
menunjukkan perhatian,
perhatian
menunjukkan simpati, dan
 Mengidentifikasi makna tin
memberi instruksi
mis. A: You look tutur menunjukkan perhatia
fantastic.  Mendiskusikan respon

yang diberikan  Merespon tindak tutur
B: Thank you. terhadap tindak tutur menunjukkan perhatian
yang didengar
o menunjukkan  Mengidentifikasi makna tin

simpati tutur instruksi

mis. A: Please
 Merespon tindak tutur inst
accept my
condolences.

B: Thank you so  Secara berpasangan

much. menggunakan tindak
tutur dan responnya.

o memberi instruksi
Berbicara

mis. A: Open the
3. 3.2 Mengungkapkan makna window!  Bermain peran secara
Mengungkapkan dalam percakapan berkelompok
makna dalam transaksional (to get
percakapan
B: OK.
things done) dan
transaksional interpersonal
dan (bersosialisasi) resmi dan
 Menggunakan tindak tutur
interpersonal tak resmi secara akurat, mengungkapkan perasaan
dalam konteks lancar dan berterima bahagia
kehidupan dengan menggunakan
sehari-hari. ragam bahasa lisan
sederhana dalam konteks  Menggunakan tindak tutur
kehidupan sehari-hari dan menunjukkan simpati

melibatkan tindak tutur:
mengungkapkan  Menggunakan tindak tutur
perasaan bahagia, menunjukkan perhatian
menunjukkan perhatian,
menunjukkan simpati, dan  Memberi instruksi lisan


Mendengarkan
2.1 Merespon makna secara akurat,
2 Memahami lancar dan berterima dalam teks
makna teks lisan fungsional pendek
fungsional  Pengumuman  Mengidentifikasi  Mengidentifikasi to
sederhana (misalnya
pendek dan teks lisan beberapa pengumuman lisan
pengumuman, iklan, undangan
monolog pengumuman lisan
dll.) resmi dan tak resmi dalam
sederhana di tempat umum  Mengidentifikasi in
berbagai konteks kehidupan
berbentuk secara dari pengumuman
sehari-hari
recount, narrative berkelompok.
 Kosa Kata yang
dan procedure terkait dengan  Mengidentifikasi tu

dalam konteks pengumuman pengumuman yang
kehidupan sehari-
hari
 Mendengarkan
pengumuman
melalui tape secara

klasikal.

 Mendiskusikan isi
dan bentuk bahasa
yang digunakan
secara berkelompok

Berbicara

4. Mengungkapkan

makna dalam
teks fungsional 2.2 Mengungkapkan makna dalam  Membuat
pendek dan bentuk teks fungsional pendek pengumuman lisan
monolog (misalnya pengumuman, iklan, secara berpasangan
berbentuk undangan dll.) resmi dan tak resmi dan
recount, narrative dengan menggunakan ragam menyampaikannya
dan procedure bahasa lisan dalam berbagai di depan kelas.
sederhana dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari.
konteks

kehidupan sehari-
hari
 Memberi pengumu

 Menyampaikan un

 Menggunakan bah


Mendengarkan .
2.1 Merespon makna dalam teks  Teks lisan
2. Memahami monolog sederhana yang berbentuk
makna teks menggunakan ragam bahasa recount
fungsional  Mendengarkan  Mengidentifikasi m
lisan secara akurat, lancar dan
pendek dan teks  Teks lisan cerita/petunjuk yang didengar
berterima dalam berbagai konteks
monolog berbentuk melakukan sesuatu
kehidupan sehari-hari dalam teks:
sederhana narrative untuk menemukan  Mengidentifikasi to
recount, narrative, dan procedure
berbentuk berbagai informasi yang didengar
 Teks lisan secara individu
recount, narrative
berbentuk
dan procedure  Mengidentifikasi u
procedure
dalam konteks dalam teks
kehidupan sehari-
hari
 Mendiskusikan  Mengidentifikasi ke
perbedaan yang didengar
penggunaan bahasa
secara lisan dan
tertulis secara  Mengidentifikasi b

berkelompok. digunakan dalam te
yang didengar

 Mengidentifikasi tu
teks yang didengar
 Berdiskusi secara
Mengungkapkan
makna dalam berkelompok untuk
membuat sebuah
teks monolog sederhana dengan
menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan cerita dan bercerita

secara akurat, lancar dan berterima secara sambung
dalam berbagai konteks kehidupan menyambung.

sehari-hari dalam teks berbentuk:
recount, narrative, dan procedure

Berbicara
 Membuat sebuah
4. Mengungkapkan cerita secara
makna dalam teks individu dan
fungsional pendek menceritakannya
dan monolog kepada teman
berbentuk recount, sekelas
narrative dan
procedure
sederhana dalam
konteks kehidupan
sehari-hari  Menggunakan kali
dalam menyampaik
peristiwa
 Melakukan monolo

menceritakan peng

menyampaikan seb
 Mendongeng


Membaca 5.1 Merespon makna dalam teks

tulis fungsional pendek (misalnya
5. Memahami pengumuman, iklan, undangan pengumuman, iklan,  Mengidentifikasi  Membaca nyaring
makna teks tulis dll.) resmi dan tak resmi secara undangan dll beberapa ragam tulis yang di
fungsional akurat, lancar dan berterima pengumuman tertulis ucapan dan intonas
pendek dalam dalam konteks kehidupan sehari- di tempat umum

konteks hari dan untuk mengakses ilmu secara berkelompok.  Mengidentifikasi to
kehidupan sehari- pengetahuan
dibaca
hari dan untuk
mengakses ilmu

pengetahuan
dan bentuk bahasa
yang digunakan
secara berkelompok

6.1 Mengungkapkan makna dalam
Menulis bentuk teks tulis fungsional
pendek (misalnya pengumuman,  Membuat
iklan, undangan dll.) resmi dan
6. Mengungkapkan pengumuman tertulis
makna dalam teks tak resmi dengan ragam bahasa secara berpasangan
tulis fungsional tulis secara akurat, lancar dan dan
pendek dalam berterima dalam konteks mempublikasikannya
konteks di kelas /sekolah  Menggunakan tata
kehidupan sehari- kata, tanda baca, e
hari dengan akurat
 Menulis gagasan u
 Mengelaborasi gag
 Membuat draft, me
 Menghasilkan teks

pendek

Standar Kompetensi Kompetensi Dasar Materi Pembelajaran Kegiatan Pembelajaran Indikato

Membaca
3 Memahami 5.2 Merespon makna dan langkah

makna teks tulis retorika teks tulis esei secara
fungsional akurat, lancar dan berterima Teks tulis berbentuk  Membaca nyaring  Mengidentifikasi ma
pendek esei dalam konteks kehidupan sehari- recount bermakna teks sebuah paragraph.
sederhana hari dan untuk mengakses ilmu narrative secara
berbentuk pengetahuan dalam teks individu
Past Tense  Mengidentifikasi ma
recount, narrative berbentuk: recount, narrative,
teks yang dibaca
dan procedure dan procedure
 Jim Carrey had
dalam konteks
kehidupan sehari- a trip to  Mengidentifikasi ma

hari dan untuk Bunaken.  Mendiskusikan teks yang dibaca
mengakses ilmu berbagai aspek dari
teks seperti isi dan
pengetahuan  Who went to  Mengidentifikasi var
Bunaken? struktur teks, kalimat dalam teks b
secara
narrative, dan proced
berkelompok.
 He went to
Bunaken
 Mengidentifikasi toko
yesterday. yang dibaca
Yesterday, he

went to Bunaken.  Berlatih  Mengidentifikasi uru
To Bunaken, he menggunakan dalam teks
went yesterday. kalimat past tense
untuk menyatakan
peristiwa dan  Mengidentifikasi keja

kalimat imperative yang dibaca

untuk menyatakan
Teks tulis berbentuk
petunjuk.  Mengidentifikasi lang
Narrative
retorika dari teks

 Mengidentifikasi tuju
teks dibaca
Teks tulis berbentuk
Procedure
 Membuat draft teks
narrative, recount

atau procedure
dengan melakukan
Menulis chain writing.

6. Mengungkapkan
makna dalam  Menggunakan kalim
teks tulis dalam menyampaika
fungsional  Melakukan koreksi peristiwa
pendek esei Mengungkapkan
makna dan teman sejawat
sederhana langkah-langkah retorika secara untuk  Menggunakan kalim
berbentuk akurat, lancar dan berterima menyempurnakan dalam membuat sebu
recount, dengan menggunakan ragam draft. petunjuk
narrative, dan bahasa tulis dalam konteks
procedure dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dalam  Menggunakan kalim
konteks teks berbentuk: recount,
tak langsung dalam m
kehidupan sehari- narrative, dan procedure
 Menyempurnakan narasi
hari draft berdasarkan
koreksi teman.  Menghasilkan teks b


narrative
 Menghasilkan teks b

SILABUS

Nama Sekolah : SMA ............
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas : X
Semester : 2

Mendengarkan
7. Memahami 7.1 Merespon makna dalam o berterima kasih  Mendengarkan  Mengidentifikasi kata yan
makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to percakapan didengar
percakapan get things done) dan mis. A: Thank you interpersonal/transaksi  Mengidentifikasi makna k
transaksional interpersonal (bersosialisasi) very much onal melalui film  Mengidentifikasi hubunga
dan resmi dan tak resmi secara secara individu. antar pembicara
interpersonal akurat, lancar dan berterima  Mendiskusikan tindak  Mengidentifikasi makna t
B: Don’t mention it!
dalam konteks yang menggunakan ragam tutur yang digunakan tutur berterima kasih
kehidupan bahasa lisan sederhana dalam percakapan  Merespon tindak tutur
sehari-hari dalam berbagai konteks o memuji yang didengar secara berterima kasih
kehidupan sehari-hari dan mis. A: You look berpasangan.
slimmer.  Mengidentifikasi makna t
melibatkan tindak tutur:  Mendiskusikan respon tutur memuji
berterima kasih, memuji, dan B: You’re yang diberikan
kidding me.  Merespon tindak tutur me
mengucapkan selamat terhadap tindak tutur
o mengucapkan  Mengidentifikasi makna t
yang didengar tutur mengucapkan selam
selamat
mengucapkan selamat
mis. A:
 Mengidentifikasi konteks
Congratulations!

You did it

again.

B: Thank you. I  Secara berpasangan
belatih menggunakan
don’t know what
to do without tindak tutur dan
you. responnya.

 Menggunakan tindak tutu
berterima kasih

berterima kasih
9.1 Mengungkapkan makna  Menggunakan tindak tutu
Berbicara
dalam percakapan memuji
transaksional (to get things  Merespon tindak tutur me
9. Mengungkapkan done) dan interpersonal  Menggunakan tindak tutu
makna dalam (bersosialisasi) resmi dan tak mengucapkan selamat
percakapan resmi secara akurat, lancar  Merespon tindak tutur
transaksional dan berterima dengan mengucapkan selamat
dan menggunakan ragam
interpersonal bahasa lisan sederhana
dalam konteks dalam konteks kehidupan
kehidupan sehari-hari dan melibatkan
sehari-hari tindak tutur: berterima kasih,
memuji, dan mengucapkan
selamat

Mendengarkan

7. Memahami
makna dalam
percakapan 7.2 Merespon makna dalam o menggunakan  Mendengarkan  Mengidentifikasi makna t
transaksional percakapan transaksional ungkapan percakapan tutur menyatakan rasa ter
dan (to get things done) dan terkejut interpersonal/transaksi
interpersonal interpersonal onal melalui tape  Merespon tindak tutur
dalam konteks (bersosialisasi) resmi dan mis. A: How can secara klasikal menyatakan rasa terkejut
kehidupan tak resmi secara akurat, you say that?
sehari-hari lancar dan berterima yang
menggunakan ragam  Mengidentifikasi makna t
B: Well, that’s the tutur menyatakan rasa tak
bahasa lisan sederhana
fact.  Mendiskusikan tindak percaya
dalam berbagai konteks
tutur yang digunakan
kehidupan sehari-hari dan
o menggunakan dan responnya dalam  Merespon tindak tutur
ungkapan rasa percakapan yang menyatakan rasa tak perc
menyatakan rasa terkejut,
tak percaya didengar secara
menyatakan rasa tak
berkelompok
percaya, serta menerima  Mengidentifikasi makna t
undangan, tawaran, dan mis. A: I can’t tutur menyetujui undanga
ajakan believe it! tawaran, ajakan.

B: That’s true.
menyetujui undangan,
o menyetujui tawaran, ajakan.
undangan,
tawaran, ajakan

mis. A: Thank you
for the
Berbicara
9.2 Mengungkapkan makna invitation.  Bermain peran secara
9. dalam percakapan berkelompok
Mengungkapkan transaksional (to get things B: I look forward to
makna dalam done) dan interpersonal seeing you.
percakapan (bersosialisasi) resmi dan
transaksional
tak resmi secara akurat,
dan lancar dan berterima
interpersonal dengan menggunakan
dalam konteks
ragam bahasa lisan
kehidupan sederhana dalam konteks  Menggunakan tindak tutu
sehari-hari kehidupan sehari-hari dan menyatakan rasa terkejut
menyatakan rasa terkejut,  Merespon tindak tutur
menyatakan rasa tak menyatakan rasa terkejut
percaya, serta menerima
undangan, tawaran, dan
ajakan
menyatakan rasa tak perc

menyatakan rasa tak perc

menerima undangan

tawaran


Mendengarkan

8. Memahami
makna dalam
teks fungsional 8.1 Merespon makna yang terdapat  Mengidentifikasi  Mengidentifikasi to
pendek dan dalam teks lisan fungsional beberapa iklan lisan pengumuman lisan
monolog yang pendek sederhana (misalnya pengumuman, iklan, di tempat umum
berbentuk pengumuman, iklan, undangan undangan secara  Mengidentifikasi in
narrative, dll.) resmi dan tak resmi secara berkelompok. dari undangan lisan
descriptive, dan akurat, lancar dan berterima
news item dalam berbagai konteks
kehidupan sehari-hari  Mengidentifikasi tu
sederhana dalam pengumuman yang
konteks  Mendengarkan
kehidupan sehari- iklan melalui tape
hari secara klasikal.

dan bentuk bahasa
Berbicara yang digunakan
10. Mengungkapkan secara kelompok

makna dalam
teks fungsional

pendek dan
monolog
sederhana
berbentuk 10.1 Mengungkapkan makna dalam  Menyampaikan
narrative, bentuk teks lisan fungsional iklan lisan secara
descriptive dan pendek (misalnya pengumuman, berpasangan di
news item dalam iklan, undangan dll.) resmi dan depan kelas.
konteks tak resmi dengan menggunakan
kehidupan sehari- ragam bahasa lisan sederhana

hari dalam berbagai konteks
kehidupan sehari-hari  Memberi pengumu
 Menceritakan
kembali iklan yang
dilihat atau  Menyampaikan un
didengarnya
mengiklankan sesu
 Menggunakan bah


Mendengarkan

8. Memahami
makna dalam
teks fungsional 8.1 Merespon makna dalam teks  Teks lisan  Mendengarkan  Mengidentifikasi m
pendek dan monolog sederhana yang berbentuk berita/deskripsi/ yang didengar
monolog yang menggunakan ragam bahasa narrative naratif untuk
berbentuk lisan secara akurat, lancar dan menemukan  Mengidentifikasi to
narrative, berterima dalam konteks berbagai informasi yang didengar
descriptive, dan kehidupan sehari-hari dalam teks secara klasikal
news item berbentuk; narrative, descriptive, melalui kaset.
 Teks lisan  Mengidentifikasi ke
sederhana dan news item
berbentuk yang didengar
dalam konteks descriptive
kehidupan
sehari-hari  Mengidentifikasi ci
 Mendiskusikan benda/orang yang
pembedakan
penggunaan bahasa
 Mengidentifikasi in
secara lisan dan
tertulis secara didengar

 Teks lisan berkelompok.
berbentuk news  Mengidentifikasi su
Berbicara item
didengar
10.
Mengungkapka

n makna
dalam teks

fungsional
pendek dan
monolog  Berdiskusi secara

sederhana berkelompok untuk
berbentuk membuat sebuah

narrative, berita/deskripsi/
descriptive dan naratif secara
news item Mengungkapkan makna dalam sambung
dalam konteks teks monolog sederhana dengan menyambung.
menggunakan ragam bahasa  Menggunakan kali
kehidupan present dalam men
sehari-hari lisan secara akurat, lancar dan
benda atau orang
berterima dalam konteks
kehidupan sehari-hari dalam
teks berbentuk: narrative,  Menyampaikan  Melakukan monolo
descriptive, dan news item berita sebagai menyampaikan seb
reporter langsung
dari tempat kejadian  Melakukan monolo
menyampaikan seb

 Bercerita secara li
 Mendongeng secara
berkelompok
 Menjadi reporter
 Menjadi storyteller

Standar Kompetensi Kompetensi Dasar Materi Pembelajaran Kegiatan Pembelajaran Indik

Membaca
11. Memahami
makna teks
fungsional 11.1 Merespon makna dalam teks  Mengidentifikasi  Membaca nyaring
pendek dan esei fungsional pendek (misalnya beberapa ragam tulis yang di
sederhana pengumuman, iklan, undangan pengumuman ucapan dan intonas
pengumuman, iklan,
berbentuk dll.) resmi dan tak resmi secara tertulis di tempat
undangan
narrative, akurat, lancar dan berterima umum secara  Mengidentifikasi to
descriptive dan yang menggunakan ragam berkelompok.
dibaca
news item bahasa tulis dalam konteks
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari
 Mengidentifikasi in
kehidupan
sehari-hari dan  Mendiskusikan isi
untuk
mengakses ilmu dan bentuk bahasa
pengetahuan yang digunakan

secara berkelompok

Menulis

12.

Mengungkapka
n makna

dalam teks tulis
fungsional
pendek dan esei

sederhana
berbentuk

narrative,
12.1 Mengungkapkan makna dalam
descriptive dan
bentuk teks tulis fungsional  Membuat
news item
pendek (misalnya pengumuman
dalam konteks
pengumuman, iklan, undangan secara individu dan
kehidupan
dll.) resmi dan tak resmi secara mempublikasikan di
sehari-hari
akurat, lancar dan berterima papan pengumuman
yang menggunakan ragam
bahasa tulis dalam konteks  Menggunakan tata
kehidupan sehari-hari tanda baca, ejaan,
akurat

 Menulis gagasan u
 Mengelaborasi gag
 Membuat draft, me

Standar Kompetensi Kompetensi Dasar Materi Pembelajaran Kegiatan Pembelajaran Indik

Membaca

11. Memahami
makna teks
fungsional 11.2 Merespon makna dan langkah-  Teks tulis  Membaca nyaring  Mengidentifikasi m
pendek dan esei langkah retorika dalam esei berbentuk bermakna teks teks yang dibaca
sederhana sederhana secara akurat, lancar narrative berita/deskripsi/nara
berbentuk dan berterima dalam konteks tif secara individu  Mengidentifikasi m
narrative, kehidupan sehari-hari dan untuk  Teks tulis teks yang dibaca
descriptive dan mengakses ilmu pengetahuan berbentuk  Mendiskusikan
news item dalam teks berbentuk narrative, descriptive berbagai aspek dari
descriptive, dan news item  Mengidentifikasi ko
dalam konteks teks seperti isi, sebuah cerita naras
kehidupan sehari-  Teks tulis struktur teks,
hari dan untuk berbentuk news secara
mengakses ilmu  Mengidentifikasi ke
item berkelompok.
pengetahuan yang dibaca

 Pasive Voice  Berlatih
 Mengidentifikasi ci
menggunakan
benda/orang yang
kalimat simple
 Reported speech
present untuk
menyatakan fakta  Mengidentifikasi in
dan kalimat pasif didengar

untuk menyatakan
inti berita  Mengidentifikasi su
Menulis
didengar

12. Mengungkapkan
makna dalam  Mengidentifikasi la
teks tulis  Membuat draft teks retorika dari teks
naratif,berita atau
fungsional
pendek dan esei deskripsi dengan  Mengidentifikasi tu
melakukan chain dibaca
sederhana
berbentuk writing.
narrative,
descriptive dan
news item  Menggunakan kali
dalam konteks dalam menyampaik
kehidupan sehari- 12.2 Mengungkapkan makna dan
hari langkah retorika dalam esei  Melakukan koreksi  Menggunakan kali
sederhana secara akurat, lancar teman sejawat untuk dalam membuat se
dan berterima dalam konteks menyempurnakan
kehidupan sehari-hari dalam draft.
teks berbentuk narrative,  Menggunakan adv
descriptive, dan news item menulis sebuah na


 Menyempurnakan item
draft berdasarkan
hasil koreksi teman.
 Menghasilkan tek
narrative

description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL

Several expressions of congratulating, complimenting, and thanking:

Congratulation  is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance
when he/she succeeds in doing something.
Congratulating:
 Congratulations!
 Congratulations on your success!
 Happy birthday!
 Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!
 Merry Christmas!
 Happy New Year!
 Happy Valentine!
 Happy anniversary!
Compliment  is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some
people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good
will, for example:
 on his/her general appearance
 if you notice something new about the person’s appearance
 when you visit someone’s house for the first time
 when other people do their best
Complimenting:
 What a nice dress!
 You look great.
 You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.
 I really must express my admiration for your dance.
 Good grades!
 Excellent!
 Nice work!
 Good job!
Gratitude  is an expression that we show or say to express
grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often.
Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish
you something and give you a compliment etc.
Thanking:
 Thank you very much
 Thank you for your help
 I’m really very grateful to you
 You’re welcome
 Don’t mention it
 It’s a pleasure / My pleasure
 I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)
 I am grateful to your help
Nanda: ‘What do you think about my new dress?
Mandela: ‘Oh, ____________’
a. It’s my pleasure b. You love my dress
c. You look great d. I love my new dress
e. It’s very kind of you
Andrea: ‘I did it! They’ve chosen me as the next idol’
Teguh: ‘Well, ____________’
a. It’s my pleasure b. I don’t believe it
c. You look great d. You have my sympathy
e. Congratulations!
Yulia: ‘Have you got your invitation? I put it on the table’
Agus: ‘ ____________’
a. My pleasure b. I don’t believe it
c. Thanks d. Don’t mention it
e. Congratulations!


 To express surprise or disbelief:
 What a surprise! That’s a surprise!
 (Well), that’s very surprising!
 Really?
 What?
 Are you serious? You must be joking!
 You’re kidding!
 Fancy that!
 I must say … surprises me.
 I find that hard to believe.
Example of expressing surprise:
A: How can you say that?
B: Well, that’s the fact.
Example of expressing surprise:

A: I can’t believe it!
B: That’s true.

When you got a surprising fact, you can say:
 Do you know what?
 Believe it or not?
 You may not believe it, but …
 Can you believe this?
You can respond to the surprising fact using these expressions:
 Really?
 Are you joking?
 Oh?
 Where? Show me.

When you deliver a surprising fact, you would say:

a. Believe it or not? b. I don’t believe it
c. Are you kidding? d. Don’t lie to me
e. Really?
Owi: ‘Know what? My father bought me tickets to watch The Reds next week’
Yudi: ‘ ____________’
a. I’m sorry to hear it b. Can you believe this?
c. It’s my pleasure d. What’s going on?
e. Are you kidding?

A: How can you say that?
B: Well, that’s the fact.
The talk is using the expression of:
a. Congratulation b. Gratitude
c. Surprises d. Compliment
e. Sympathy


Invitation:

To invite someone
 I would like you to …
 We would be pleased if you could …
 Would you like to …?
 Shall we …?
 How about …?

To accept an invitation
 Thank you. Yes, I would like to …
 Yes, I would. Thanks.
 That would be very nice. Thank you.
 All right!
 O.K.!

To refuse/decline an invitation
 I would love to, but …
 That’s nice/great. Unfortunately/However …
 That’s very kind of you, but …
 Sorry, that wouldn’t be possible. Thanks anyway.


Snow Maiden
Once upon a time there lived a couple in a village. They had got married for a long time, but so far
they did not have a baby yet. Every single minute they prayed to God, begged for a baby, but it never
came true.
One day, they went to snow mountain. They made a girl from snow and they dressed her beautifully.
When it got dark, they decided to go home and left the snow girl alone. The following morning,
someone knocked the door. "Any body home?” she said. The old woman inside opened the door and
asked, "Who are you?" The girl said "I'm Snow Maiden, your daughter". The old woman was surprised
and happy, "Oh, really? Thanks God! Come in, please!" Since that meeting, they lived happily.
Snow Maiden was beautiful, kind, diligent and helpful. Her parents and all of her friends loved her very
much. One day, Snow Maiden played with her friends. They played fire. At first, Snow Maiden just
looked at their play. Suddenly, her friends asked her to jump on the fire. Of course she refused it
because one thing that made her afraid was the fire. It's because Snow Maiden was made of snow,
so she should avoid the fire. But her friends kept on forcing her to jump on. Finally, she could not do
anything then she did it. She jumped on the fire and she melted. Her friends were so sorry about this,
they cried and cried hoping Snow Maiden could live again, but it was useless. Snow Maiden would not
be back anymore. Her mother tried to entertain Snow Maiden's friends and asked them to make a
new Snow Maiden. They went to a snow mountain and started making it. They expected to have the
new Snow Maiden. Days passed but their dreams never came true.
Poor them!
Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/

fables/myths/epic) and in its plot consists of climax of the story
(complication) then followed by the resolution.
Generic Structures: Orientation - Complication - Evaluation (optional) - Resolution
Orientation: it is about WHO, WHEN, and WHERE the story happened.

Evaluation: is optional; it is usually used to make the story more interesting.
Complication: it is about the conflict or the big problem of the story. Complication is the
part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to
make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big
problem in the story). A story can have more than one complication.
Resolution: it is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In Resolution,
the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written.
Coda: it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be
caught as a moral value of life.
Example: The story of Cinderella, Snow White, Snow Maiden, The Little Pear Girl, The Ugly
Duckling, etc.

News Item: is factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are
considered newsworthy or important.

Social function of news item is: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the
day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:
 Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form
 Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT

circumstances.
 Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the

event.
Significant Grammar Features:
 Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
 Generally using Simple Past Tense
 Use of Material Processes to retell the event
 Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
 Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
 Focus on Circumstances
 Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages
There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.
Example: Town ‘Contaminated’

Complete Sentence: Town is contaminated.
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
Example: Fire Destroys over 2,511 acres of Forest in 2003-2004
Complete Sentence: Fire has destroyed over 2,511 acres of forest in 2003-2004.
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is
changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
Example: World Heading for Energy Crisis
Complete Sentence: The world is heading for an energy crisis.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
Example: Queen to Visit Samoa.
Complete Sentence: The Queen is going to visit Samoa.
5. Headlines are not always complete sentences.
Example: More earthquakes in Japan.
Complete Sentence: More earthquakes happened in Japan.

A Korean Force of Nature
Newsworthy event In just three years, Korean pop star Rain Has built a huge domestic following
of (mostly) female fans with a string of chart-topping singles, and now he’s
ready to branch out overseas.
Rain picked up MTV Asia prizes this year, played his first solo concert in
Japan in July and has lined up sold-out gigs in Hong Kong and Tokyo. But the
engine of Korean pop-culture dominance in Asia is the soap opera, which is
why Rain is forecast for TV this fall. The decidedly boyish singer will play a
macho K-1 fighter who falls for his brother’s lover in a series tentatively titled
A Loved to Kill. Though the show is set to air first in Korea this October, the
astounding popularity of Korean TV dramas around the region means that the
pop star could soon become a familiar face throughout Asia.
But why stop there? Rain’s managers believe he could be the first Korean star
to break into the U.S. market. Park Jin Young, the pop impresario who
discovered and trained Rain, is a talented dancer and songwriter who has
worked with U.S. artists like Mase and Will Smith. Since setting up camp in
Los Angeles last year, Park has been shopping his protégé around to U.S.
Background events production companies. Rain almost managed to score a track on rapper Lil’
Kim’s latest album–but the plan fell apart after Kim was convicted of perjury
and had to start serving a jail term, according to Jimmy Jeong, an executive at
Rain’s management company.
Sources Just a minor setback, says Jeong: “We’re targeting the global market. Rain’s
too big for Asia.”

Passive Voice
1. Simple Active We watched OB on everyday.

present RCTI
passive is everyday.
watched (by us)
OB on RCTI
2. Simple Active wrote a letter yesterday.
past
Rita
passive was by Rita yesterday.
written
A letter
3. Simple Active will rent a villa for holiday.
Future
My family
passive will be by my for holiday.
rent family
A villa
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
 the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
 the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
 the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Agent
In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the
person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens.
Examples:
My mother makes sandwich every morning.
Subject verb1+s/es O C (adv. of time)
Sandwich is made by my mother every morning.

Subject to be+V3 Agent C (adv. of time)
present continuous : [ S + to be + being +V3 (past participle)
present perfect: [ S + has/have + been + V3 (past participle)
present continuous Active A young boy is catching a butterfly.
Passive A butterfly is being caught by a young boy.

present perfect Active Yano has returned the book to the library.
Passive The book has been returned to the library by Yano.

If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.

Examples: John is giving his girl-friend a bunch of flower.
Active: indirect object direct object

Passive:
The indirect object as John’s girl-friend is being given a bunch of flower.
the subject

Passive:
The direct object as A bunch of flower is being given to John’s girl-friend.

the subject


A To understand this lesson is easy.

B It is easy to understand this lesson.

In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence.
Thus, it is called introductory “it”.
A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was
introduce mainly to make the meaning of C easier to understand.
Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.

Introductory “it” as a subject:

To watch musical programs is pleasant.
IT IS PLEASANT TO WATCH MUSICAL PROGRAM.

To play football must be fun.
IT IS FUN TO PLAY FOOTBALL.


The aim of descriptive text: to describe the characteristics of particular person, thing, or
place.

Text Structure:
▪ Identification  identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
▪ Description  gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being
discussed or describes parts, qualities, or characteristics.
Grammatical Features:
▪ Who? What?
▪ Using Linking verb and Simple Present Tense
▪ Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase
▪ Attributive (the)
▪ Use of attributive and identifying process
▪ Focus on specific participants
▪ Frequent use of epithets and classifier in nominal groups

Example of Descriptive Text:

Identification

My Pets
We have three family pets: a dog, a cat, and a tortoise.

Descriptions

The dog’s name is Benjamin. He is big golden Labrador. He is
beautiful. He has big brown eyes and a long tail. He is very friendly
dog, but he is sometimes a little stupid. Dogs are expensive to keep but
they are fun to play with.
Our cat is named Martha. She is quite young, but she is not a kitten.
She is very pretty. She has black and white fur and green eyes. She’s
smart, too and very clean.
The tortoise’s name is Rocky. He has short, fat legs, a long neck, and a
very hard shell. He is also very old and slow. He’s ugly and dirty, but I
like him.


Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or

saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called
quoted speech).
We use quotation marks (“______________”) and it should be
word for word.
For example:
Nicky said, “It’s hot”.
Or
“It’s hot,” Nicky said.

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s

words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the
person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.
The tense usually changes when reporting speech. This is
because we are usually talking about a time in the past and
obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past.
The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

▪ Note: The reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentences are:
Tell, order, command, ask, warn, remind
▪ Don’t forget to mention the indirect object.

Father warned me not to drive fast.

For example:
Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple Past simple

Vita said, “I eat fried rice”. Vita said that she ate fried rice.
Past simple Past Perfect

Mother said, “I went to market yesterday”. Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.
Future simple Past Future
Lea said, “I am going to wash my clothes”. Lea said (that) she was going to wash her clothes.
Dave said, “I will buy an I-Pod next week”. Dave said (that) he would buy an I-Pod the week after.
Present continuous Past continuous

Gama said, “I am playing football”. Gama said he was playing football.
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
She said, “I was teaching earlier.” She said she had been teaching earlier.

▪ When we want to report what someone said, we do not usually repeat their exact words,
we use our words. We can use reporting verbs, such as tell, say, ask followed by ‘that-
clause’.
Example: My mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock.
▪ When reporting verbs is in the Present, Present Perfect, or Future, there is no change
of tense in the words reported.
Example: She will tell you

She says (that) she doesn’t know.
She has just said

In time expressions and pronouns
Direct speech Indirect speech
Now Then
Today/tonight That day/that night
Yesterday The day before/the previous day
Tomorrow The next/following day
Last week The previous week
Next week The following week/the week after
Ago Before
This/these That/those
Here There
Pronouns They change according to the context

Sometimes we need to report someone’s questions. The reported question are introduced with the verb ask,
inquire, wonder, want to know, etc.
Type Form Examples
Yes-No “Do you speak English?”
questions Ask + if/whether + subject + - He wondered if I spoke English.
verb
Wonder etc.
Wh- “What are you watching?”
questions Ask + question word + subject - She asked what I am watching.
+ verb
Wonder etc.


Simple Present:
The simple  I smell

present is used something
to indicate a delicious.
situation that
exists right  Jane needs
Past Future now, at the a glass of
moment of water right
speaking. now.
 They have
a big
house.
The simple  Monkey

present says swings
something was from
true in the past, branch to
is true in the branch.
present, and will
Past Future  Kind
be true in the
future. It is used words
for general make
statements of people
fact. happy.
 God loves
us.
The simple  I watch TV

present is used three hours
for habitual or every
everyday night.
activity.
Past ? ? Future  English
class
begins at
7am.
 Father
usually
reads
newspaper
every
morning.

Simple Present Pattern:
1. Nominal:
(+) She is a nurse.
S + To be + Compliment
(-) He is not a teacher.
S + To be + not + Compliment
(?) Are they students?
To be + S + Compliment + ?
When using word questions (W/H questions such as What, Who, When, Why, Where,
Which, How), we simply put the question word in the beginning of the sentence and followed
by the form of question pattern above.
Example:
Why is she angry?
W/H question + to be + S + Compliment + ?

2. Verbal:
(+) S + Verb1 -s/es + O / C / adv
I study English every day.
He plays basketball every Tuesday and Thursday.
(-) S + Do/Does+not+Verb1 + O / C / adv
They do not eat meat.

She does not borrow comics everyday.
(?) Do/Does+ Subject + Verb1 + O / C / adv
Do you drink beer?

Does she understand the lesson?

Spelling of third person singular forms
Most verbs: work  works
Add -s to infinitive drink  drinks
meet  meets
Verbs ending in consonants + y: Fly  flies
Change y to I and add -es Cry  cries

Rely  relies
Verbs ending in -s, -z, -ch, or -x : Miss  misses
Add -es to infinitive Buzz  buzzes
Watch  watches
Push  pushes
Fix fixes
Exceptions: Have  has
go  goes
do  does

Noun phrase
A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words containing a noun or
a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.
For example, ‘they’, ‘books’, and ‘the books’ are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as
you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
Example 1:
Shaggy: Do you like books?
Bean : Yes, I like them.
Shaggy: Do you like books over there?
Bean : Yes, they are nice.
Shaggy: Do you like the book I brought yesterday?
Bean : Yes, I like it. (Note: ‘It’ refers to ‘the book’, not ‘book’)
Example 2:
Nicko was late.
(‘Nicko’ is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb.)
Some noun phrases are short: The students
Some are long: The very tall education consultant
Structures of noun phrases:
▪ A beautiful old painting on the wall
The structure of this noun phrase contains three sections:
Pre-modifier Head noun Post-modifier

A beautiful old painting on the wall
A beautiful old painting -
- painting on the wall
This is the table of the adjectives that are combined with the nouns:
Opinion adjectives
Descriptive adjectives Nouns
Determiner

General specific size shape age colour nationality material
A Lovely comfortable big - - - - Wooden chair
The Cheap - - - new black German - car
Large round - - - metal table
When you use a noun in front of another noun, you never put adjectives between them.
You put adjectives in front of the first noun.
Example: We just spoke with a young American boy.
Noun phrase can be in form of gerund (Vbase+ing) or gerund and other nouns
compounding.
Example: passing the exam watching TV
preparing the equipment sliding down a rope
going to school diving board

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and
categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses,
which can stand by their own as complete sentences.
Every grammatically correct sentence or clause must contain a finite verb; sentence
fragments not containing finite verbs are described as phrases.
Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your
help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I
appreciate your help!).
In English, as in most related languages, only verbs in certain moods are finite. These
include:
 the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e.g., "The bulldozer demolished the
restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."
 the imperative mood (giving a command).
 the subjunctive mood (expressing something that might or might not be the state of
affairs, depending on some other part of the sentence); nearly extinct in English.
A verb is a word that expresses an occurrence, act, or mode of being. Finite verbs, sometimes
called main verbs, are limited by time (see tense), person, and number.
The finite verbs are highlighted in the

following sentences:
The bear caught a salmon in the stream.
Who ate the pie?
Stop!
A nonfinite verb form - such as a participle, infinitive, or gerund - is not limited by by
time (see tense), person, and number.
Verb forms that are not finite include:
 the infinitive
 participles (e.g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
 gerunds and gerundives
In linguistics, a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject;
and more generally, it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in
language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite
verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-
finite clause.
By some accounts, a non-finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb and as another part of
speech; it can take adverbs and certain kinds of verb arguments, producing a verbal phrase
(i.e., non-finite clause), and this phrase then plays a different role — usually noun, adjective,
or adverb — in a greater clause. This is the reason for the term verbal; non-finite verbs have
traditionally been classified as verbal nouns, verbal adjectives, or verbal adverbs.
English has three kinds of verbals: participles, which function as adjectives; gerunds, which
function as nouns; and infinitives, which have noun-like, adjective-like, and adverb-like
functions. Each of these is also used in various common constructs; for example, the past
participle is used in forming the perfect aspect (to have done).
Other kinds of verbals, such as supines and gerundives, exist in other languages.
Example:
The finite verbs are the underlined words.
The Crow and the Fox
One day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese. She picks it up, flaps her wings,
and flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it.
…………….

Modals in the past form

Modals
present Past
can could
will would
shall should
may might
1. Could + Verb base
 to offer suggestions or possibilities
Example: Patrick : Oh, no! I left my shorts.
Spongebob : Don’t worry, Patrick. You could borrow my shorts.
Asmi : I’m having trouble with English.
Randah : Why don’t you ask Agnes? Perhaps she could help
you.
 to indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example: Tasya : Ras, can you climb the durian tree?
Rasya : Well… I could climb durian tree when I was so

young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.
Mia : Grandpa, what could you do when you were

younger?
Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the

big river very well and faster.
 to express polite requests
Example: Could I borrow your pencil (please)?
Could you lend me your jacket now?
Could you please close the door?

Could you pass the salt?
2. Would + Verb base
 for an action that was repeated regularly in the past
Example: When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go
fishing.
 insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences
Example: Justin : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay
home?
Eminem : I would rather go to the party than stay home.

Angel : Which country would you rather visit?
Maria : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.
 to express polite requests
Example: Andi : Would you mind cycling with me, Kala?
Kala : No, not at all. It would be nice.
Mikola : Would you please pass the helmet, Bella?
Bella : No problem.
3. Should + Verb base
 to give definite advice (advisability)
Example: Bunda : Putri, you should study tonight. You will have English test
tomorrow, won’t you?
Putri : I will, Bunda.

Debby : You should paint your door, Bobby. It looks terrible.
Bobby : Yes, I know I should.
 to express the subject’s obligation or duty:
Example: You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)
They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.
Application should be sent before March 25th.
4. Might + Verb base
 to tell possibilities
Example: David : Where is Deddy?
Copperfield : He might be in the studio with Kalina.
 To express polite requests
Example: Tian : Might I borrow your coat?
Ringgo : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Donny for
weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.

Brief explanation of the materials for

semester 1

1. Sympathy Expressions
I. Brief Description Of Material :
The definition of sympathy expression:
Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and
see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing
sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people’s condition.
How can we give sympathy expression to someone?
We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by
short message service (SMS), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got
the trouble is far from us.
Several expressions of sympathy :
- I’d like to express my deepest condolences
- I’m sorry to hear that
- I’m awfully sorry about…

- Oh, how awful!
- Oh, dear!
- You must be very upset
- Oh, what a shame
- How pity you are!
- How terrible / awful for you
Example of dialogue that expresses sympathy in a certain situation :
Miss Agnes Hansella : You know what? Ewo has lost his wallet.
Noveni Irawati : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that
2. Greetings
Greeting is the expression which is used to address someone or other people
A. How do you greet other people?
1. Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening/Night, nite

2. Hello, Ewo
 Hello, Agnes
3. How are you?
4. How’s everything with you?
5. How’s life ?
6. How are you getting along ?
7. How are you doing ?
a) Fine, thanks
b) Pretty good, thanks
c) I’m well, thanks
d) Not bad, thanks. And you?
8. Hi, Nurul
o Hi, Pirta

What’s up?
Give me five
Give me a hug
Hi there!
B. How do you introduce yourself?
(1) Let me introduce my self, my name is Oghy

(2) Hello, I’m Golda
(3) Hi, I’m Adi Pramono. You can call me Mono.
(4) Hello, my name is Yeni Pratiwi
C. How do you introduce other people?
- I would like to introduce Ria Saputri

- I would like you to meet Grace
- Excuse me, let me introduce you a new friend. His name is Agus Kuncoro
D. How do you close or end your conversation?

- Well, I should be going now. See you!
- I’m sorry, but I have to go now. It’s been nice talking with you. See you later
- Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!
Bye bye
Good bye
Have a good time
GBU
Be careful, take care
See you
So long
See you soon
See you later, make a call, will you?

3. Appointment

Appointment tells about agreement for meeting. It is good to make an appointment
before you meet someone or people
I. Making an Appointment
 I’d like to make an appointment with Kristian
• I want to make an appointment to see…..
• I’d like you to come and see
• Can I come and see you?
 I’ll be there
 What about….(thank you)
II. Accepting an Appointment
• All right, see you there
• No problem, I’m free on….(Thursday)
• Be there on time
• I’ll wait for you
• It’s a deal
III. Canceling an Appointment
• I’m sorry, I’m very busy
• I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment
• I’m afraid I have to postpone my appointment with….(Dr. Stephen Tong)

tomorrow morning

IV. Changing an Appointment
• What about …..(Thursday at 04.00 p.m.)
• Is that ok, if we meet at…..
• Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!
• Could we change the schedule of the meeting?
• Do you have another time this afternoon
4. Giving Instruction

Giving Instruction is an expression that is used in order that other person does what
we instruct or request.
The example expressions of giving instruction :
a. Open your book!
b. Close the door, please!
c. Be quiet, please!
d. Move the chair!
e. Open the window!
f. Pass me the sugar, please!
g. Stand up, please!
Note : The tense used in giving instruction is “simple present”
5. Happiness Expression

Happiness Expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are
glad have excited feelings
What would you say to express you happiness?
- I’m happy……
- I’m (very)pleased / (really) delighted (about)….
- I can’t say how pleased / delighted I am about it
- I am so glad to hear that
- Great!
- Terrific!
- Fantastic!
6. ANNOUNCEMENT

The definition of announcement
Announcement is something said, written, or printed to make known what has happened
or (more often) what will happen.
In writing an announcement, keep the following points ;
- the title/type of event,
- Date/time, place and
- contact person
The example of an announcement :
ANNOUNCEMENT

COMMITTEE
SCHOOL TRIP TO TANGKISUNG BEACH
On 28th of August, the school will hold a school trip to Tangkisung Beach.
Departure time : 07:30 a.m.
Programs : Morning swimming, games, volley ball; lunch in the sea view restaurant.
Afternoon walk along the beach to the lagoon;
watch the boat festival.
Fee : Rp50,000.00
Contact person : Oghy, Nurul, Diesta
Chair person
Ewo Jatmiko
7. narrative text

The definition of narrative text :
Narrative text is a text that is used for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating,
stimulating emotions, motivating, guiding and teaching the readers or the listeners and
it usually deals with actual or vicious experience. Narrative texts such as : Fable
(mouse deer and crocodile), Legend / folk tales (Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang), Fairy
Tale (Cinderella, snow white, pinochio)
The generic structures of narrative text :
1. Orientation : It sets the scene and introduces the participants (it answers
the questions = who, when, what, where).
2. Evaluation : A stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about
the narrator’s point of view); it is optional.
3. Complication : A crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main
Characters.
4. Resolution : a solution to the problem (for better or worse). Main
characters find ways to solve the problem.
Some important points in the story of narrative text are:
It uses temporal conjunction :ex. once upon a time, before, after, etc.
It uses simple past tense :ex. there lived a …..,one day there was….etc
The example of narrative text :
A. Jack and the Beanstalk
There was once upon a time a poor widow who had an only son named Jack. They
were so poor that they didn’t have anything except a cow. When the cow had grown too
old, his mother sent Jack to sell it. On the way to the market, Jack met a butcher who
had some beautiful beans in his hand. The butcher told the boy that the beans were of
great value and persuaded the silly lad to sell the cow for the beans.
Jack brought them happily. When he told his mother about this, his mother became
so angry that she threw the beans out of the window.
When Jack woke up in the morning, he felt the sun shining into a part of his room,
but all the rest was quite dark and shady.
So he jumped to the window. What did he see? The beanstalk grew up quite close
past Jack’s window. He opened the window and jumped onto the beanstalk which ran
up just like a big ladder.
He climbed…and climbed till at last he reach the sky. While looking around, he saw
a very huge castle. He was very amazed.
8. Recount Text

The Definition Of Recount Text
Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing or
entertaining.
The generic structures of recount text are :
1. Orientation ( it gives the readers the background information needed to
understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it
happened)
2. Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
3. Re-orientation (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer
on the incident
The significant Lexicogrammatical features :
- Use of simple past tense
- Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then)
- Use of personal pronoun (I, we)
The example of Recount Text :
An Unlucky Day
One morning, I got up with the feeling that the day was going to be an unlucky one for
me. How right it was! Found that it was already 06:15 a.m..
I rushed into the bathroom. I did not see a piece of soap lying on the floor as I stepped
on it and slipped, almost breaking my back in the process.
Then, I went into the dining room for my breakfast. I gulped down the tea without
realizing that it was very hot. It burnt my tongue. I spat it out and could not eat anything
because my tongue hurt. I got dressed and rushed to the bus stop.
Unfortunately, I just missed the bus. My heart sank and I knew that I would be late for
school.

When I reached school. My name was taken down by the teacher. The teacher scolded
me for being late. To my humiliation, I was made to stand outside the class. I was so upset
by the incidents that I could not study properly. But worse was to come.
After school, I was on my way home when something hard hit me on the head.
Someone hand thrown a bag of fish bones out of the window and it landed on me! I was
boiling with rage but could do nothing. However, luckily for me, this only raised a small
lump on my head.
I managed to reach home safe and sound, and did not dare to go out again for the
rest of the day.
9. Invitation
Invitation tells about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular
program or activity.
How to invite someone:
- I would like you to….
- We would be pleased if you could…
- Would you please attend my party tonight?
- Would you like to…..?
- Shall we…?
- How about…?
- If you don’t mind, please come to house tomorrow
- Let’s have dinner together with me tonight
- Would you mind coming to my birthday party?
How to accept an invitation :

- O.K.!
- I would love to
- I will come
- Thank you, Yes, I would like to…
- Yes, I would. Thanks.
- That would be very nice. Thank you
- All right!
How to refuse/decline an invitation :
- I would love to, but…
- That’s nice/great. Unfortunately/However…
- That’s very kind of you, but…
- Sorry, that wouldn’t be possible. Thanks anyway
- I’m afraid I can’t
- I can’t for now because I’m busy
The example of dialogue of invitation:
Laveanna Sasmita : hi, Nuansa, what are you going to do tonight?
Nuansa M. Apui : I will just stay at home. I’m free tonight
Lavenna sasmita : Well then, would you like to come to my birthday tonight?
Nuansa M. Apui : Oya, you are going to celebrate your birthday, what time?
Lavenna Sasmita : At 7.00 p.m. I hope you can come
Nuansa M. Apui : Yes, I would. Thanks.
Lavenna M. Apui : Thank you very much. I will be waiting for you. Good bye now
Nuansa M. Apui : Good bye

10. ADVERTISEMENT
- The definition of advertisement.
Advertisement is an information for persuading and motivating people so that they

will attract to the service and the things that are offered or informed.
- Function of advertisement:
 Promotion
 Communication
 Information
- In making advertisement, keep the following points :
1. Language of advertisement :
 Using the correct or suitable words
 Using the interesting and suggestive expressions
 Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals
2. Content of advertisement :
 Objective and honest
 Brief and clear
 Not allude group or other producer.
- Kinds of advertisement :
1.Family advertisement
2.Invitation advertisement
3.Sponsored advertisement
4.Requested advertisement
5.News advertisement
6.Announcement advertisement
7.Goods advertisement
8.Merit advertisement
- Media of advertisement
 By television
 By radio
 Billboard
 Leaflet
 Pamflet etc.
- Example of Advertisement
Vacancy
FOUR STAR HOTEL IN JAKARTA IS PRESENTLY LOOKING FOR
1. SALES MANAGER
2. CHIEF ACCOUNTANT
3. PURCHASING MANAGER
4. RESTAURANT MANAGER
5. BAR MANAGER
6. CHIEF THE PARTIE(S). JAPANESE/EUROPEAN
7. BANQUET COORDINATOR
8. ASSISTANT F & B MANAGER
9. ASSISTANT CHIEF ENGINEER

10. BAR STAFF/WAITER/WAITRESSES
FOR
(LOUNGE BAR OPENING SOON)
ALL APPLICANTS SHOULD HAVE AT LEAST 3 YEARS EXPERIENCE IN POSITION WITH STRONG
LEADERSHIP, GOOD COMMAND,WILLING TO WORK UNDER PRESSURE, AND ATTRACTIVE
SALARY & BENEFITS
PLEASE SEND YOUR APPLICATION TO
GENERAL MANAGER
P.O. BOX. 7177/JKS CL. 12071
11. Gaining attention

- Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay
their attention to what we want to.
- The example expressions of gaining attention :
• Attention, please
• May I have your attention, please?
• Excuse me, look here!
• Listen to me, please
• Waiter?
• I’m sorry, but…
• Wow really?

12. Procedure Text

The Definition Of Procedure Text
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through
a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a
sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It
also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.
The generic structures of proceduret text are :
1)Goal/aim ( or title)
2)Materials (not required for all procedural texts)
3)Steps (the actions that must be taken)
The example of Procedure Text :
How to make a sandwich (aim/goal)
You need (materials)
 2 slices of bread
 peanut butter
 a banana
 honey
What you should do are : (steps)
1. Take two slices of bread
2. Spread peanut butter

3. Cut up a banana onto small slices and put them on one of the slices
4. Pour some honey over the bananas
5. Put the other slice of bread on top
13. Past Tense

The Definition Of Past Tense :
1. Simple Past Tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action
that happened already in a certain time in the past
 The pattern : (+) Subject + verb II + complement
(-) Subject + did not + verb II + complement
(?) Did + subject + verb I
 The examples : (+) I went to Tangkiling yesterday
(-) I did not go anywhere last night
(?) Did you go last week?
 Adverbs used : yesterday, lat night, last week, two days ago, e few minutes
ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc.
2. Past Continuous Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an
action which was happening in a certain time in the past
 The pattern : (+) Subject + was/were +verb-ing+ complement
(-) Subject + was not/were not+verb-ing+ complement
(?) was/were+ subject + verb-ing+complement
 The examples :(+) He was writing a letter at eight o’clock last night
(-) He was not writing a letter at seven o’clock
last night
(?) Were you writing a letter at eight last night?
 Adverbs used : at the time like this yesterday, at seven o’clock last night,
etc.
3. Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an
event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till in a
certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or
an event that had happened before the other event or action happened
 The pattern : (+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement
 The examples : (+) We had eaten before they came
(-) They had not eaten before we came
(?) Had they eaten before we got back?
 Adverbs used : from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

Brief Explanation of The Materials For Semester 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Brief Explanation of The Materials For Semester 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Past tense

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

1. Preterite (or simple past)

Each of these may also be found in the progressive (continuous) aspect.

Brief explanation of the materials for

The definition of sympathy expression:

How can we give sympathy expression to someone?

Several expressions of sympathy :

- I’d like to express my deepest condolences

- I’m sorry to hear that

- I’m awfully sorry about…

- Oh, how awful!

- Oh, dear!

- You must be very upset

- Oh, what a shame

- How pity you are!

- How terrible / awful for you

Example of dialogue that expresses sympathy in a certain situation :

Noveni Irawati : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that

A. How do you greet other people?

1. Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening/Night, nite

8. Hi, Nurul

o Hi, Pirta

B. How do you introduce yourself?

(1) Let me introduce my self, my name is Oghy

C. How do you introduce other people?

- I would like to introduce Ria Saputri

D. How do you close or end your conversation?

Have a good time

Be careful, take care

See you soon

See you later, make a call, will you?

I. Making an Appointment

 I’d like to make an appointment with Kristian

• I want to make an appointment to see…..

• I’d like you to come and see

• Can I come and see you?

 I’ll be there

 What about….(thank you)

II. Accepting an Appointment

• No problem, I’m free on….(Thursday)

• Be there on time

• I’ll wait for you

• It’s a deal

III. Canceling an Appointment

• I’m sorry, I’m very busy

• I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment

• I’m afraid I have to postpone my appointment with….(Dr. Stephen Tong)

IV. Changing an Appointment

• What about …..(Thursday at 04.00 p.m.)

• Is that ok, if we meet at…..

• Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!

• Could we change the schedule of the meeting?

• Do you have another time this afternoon

The example expressions of giving instruction :

a. Open your book!

c. Be quiet, please!

d. Move the chair!

e. Open the window!

f. Pass me the sugar, please!

g. Stand up, please!

Note : The tense used in giving instruction is “simple present”