Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral 1. SCOPE 1.1. This test method covers determi- nation of the amount of material finer than a 75-tum (No. 200) sieve in aggre gate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the ag- agregate during the test. 12 Two procedures are included, fone using only water for the washing ‘operation, and the other including a wet- ting agent to assist the loosening of the ‘material finer than the 75-~m (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water conly) shall be used 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard 14 This standard may involve haz- srdous materials, operations, and equip- ment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It isthe responsi- Dility of the user of this standard 10 establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability (of regulatory limitations prior to use. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24 AASHTO Standards: M 92° Wire Cloth Sieves for ‘Testing Purposes, M 231 Balances Used in the Testing of Materials T2_— Sampling Aggregates T 27 Sieve Analysis of Fine ‘and Coarse Aggre- ‘gates TEASE or Soon 5. hi et mtd i isc sit STAC 11790, Aggregates by Washing AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 11-91! (ASTM DESIGNATION: C 117-90) T 248 Reducing Field Sam- ples of Aggregate 0 ‘Testing Size 22. ASTM Standards: C117 Test Method for Mate- rials Finer than 75- um (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggre- gates by Washing Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Test Methods for Construction Ma: terials C670 3. SUMMARY OF METHOD 3A sample of the aggregate is washed in a prescribed manner, using either plain water or water containing a wetting agent, as specified. The decanted wash water, containing suspended and dissolved material, is passed through a ‘75-jum (No. 200) sieve. The loss in mass resulting from the wash weatment isc culated as mass percent of the original sample and is reported as the percentage of material finer than a 75-yum (No, 200) sieve by washing 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE. 4.1 Material finer than the 75pm. (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 jum in fine or coarse aggre- gate are desired, this test method is used fon the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with AASHTO T 27. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in AASHTO T 27, and the total amount of material finer than 75 ym by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is re- ported with the results of AASHTO T 27. Usually the additional amount of ma- terial finer than 75 jum obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount Ifitis large, the efficiency of the washing ‘operation should be checked. It could also, be an indication of degradation of the aggregate. 42 Plain water is adequate to sepa- rate the material finer than 75 yam from the coarser material with most aggre gates. In some cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that have been extracted from bituminous mixtures, In these cases, the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting agent in the water 5. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS SAL Balance—The balance shall con- form to the requirements of AASHTO 'M 231 for the class of general purpose balance required for the principal sample ‘mass of the sample being tested 52. Sieves—A nest of two sieves, the lower being a 75-ym (No. 200) sieve and the upper being a sieve with open ings in the range of 2.36 mm (No, 8) to 1.18 mm (No. 16), both conforming to the requirement of AASHTO M 92. 53° Container—A pan or vessel of 4 size sufficient 10 contain the sample covered with water and to permit vigor- fous agitation without loss of any part of the sample or water. SA Oven—An oven of sufficientTu size, capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 + 5°C (230 = 9°F), 55 Wetting Agent—Any dispersing ‘agent, such as liquid dishwashing deter gents, that will promote separation of the fine materials NOTE 1~The use of a mechanical appara tus to perform the washing operation not precluded, provided the results are consistent With those obtained using mansal operations The use of some mechanical washing exp ‘ment with some samples may eause degrade tion of the sample 6. SAMPLING 6.1 Sample the aggregate in accor dance with T 2. If the same test sample is to be tested for sieve analysis ac cording to T 27, comply with the applica ble requirements of that method. 6.2 Thoroughly mix the sample of te to be tested and reduce the uantity to an amount suitable for testing using the applicable methods described in T 248, IF the same test sample is to be tested according to T 27, the minimum ‘mass shall be as described im the applica- ble sections of that method. Otherwise, the mass of the test sample, after drying, shall conform with the following Nominat Minimum Maximum Size Mass 236 mm (No. 8) 100 £73 mm (No. 4) 500 9.3 mm (in) 1000 190 mm Ch ind 2300 37S mm (Vein) oF larger son ‘The test sample shall be the end result of the reduction. Reductioa to an exact predetermined mass shall not be per- mitted 7. SELECTION OF PROCEDURE, 7.1 Procedure A shall be used, un- less otherwise specified by the specifica tion with which the test results are to bbe compared, or when directed by the ‘agency for which the work is performed. METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 8. PROCEDURE A—WASHING WITH PLAIN WATER 8.1 Dry the test sample to constant mass at a temperature of 110 = SC (230 = 9°F), Determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 percent of the mass of the est sample 8.2 If the applicable specification re- quires that the amount passing the 75- jum (No. 200) sieve shall be determined fon a portion of the sample passing a sieve smaller than the nominal maximam size of the aggregate, separate the sample fon the designated sieve and determine ‘the mass of the material passing the des- ignated sieve to 0.1 percent of the mass (of this portion of the test sample. Use this mass as the original dry mass of the test sample in Section 10.1 NOTE 2—Some specifications for aggre- gates with @ nominal maximum size of 50 ‘mm or greater. for example, provide limit for matenal passing the 75-pm (No. 200) sieve determined on that potion of the ample Passing the 25 O-mim sieve. Such procedures fare necessary since itis impractical to wah samples of the size required when the same test sample isto be used for sieve analysis by AASHTO T 27, 8.3 After drying and determining the ‘mass, place the test sample nthe container and add sufficient water tocoverit, No de- lergent, dispersing agent, or other sub- stance shal be added to the water. Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result incomplete separation ofall particles finer than the 75-yum (No. 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine ma- terial into suspension. The use of a large spoon or other similar tool to stir and agi- tate the aggregate in the wash water has been found satisfactory. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged withthe coarser sieve on top. Take care to avoid, as much as feasi- bie, the decantation of coaser particles of the sample. 84 Add a second charge of water to the sample in the containes, agitate, and decant as before, Repeat this operation Uumtl the wash water is clear. NOTE 311 mechanical washing equip iments used, dhe charging of water, agitating, and decanting may be 3 continuous operation NOTE 4A spray nozzle of « piece of rubber tubing atached to a water fascet may be used to rinse any of the material which ‘may have fallen onto the sieves. The velocity ofthe wate, which may be increased by pinch. ing the tubing. should not be suficien to cause any splashing ofthe sample over the sides of the sieve 8.5 Return all material retained on the nested sieves by flushing to the washed sample. Dry the washed agere- _zale to constant mass ata temperature of 110 = S*C (230 = 9°F) and determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 percent of the original mass of the sample NOTE $—Following the washing of the sample and flushing any materials retained fn the 75-ym (No, 200) sieve Back into the container, no water should he decanted from the container except through the 754m sieve to avoid los of material. Excess water fom Mashing shouldbe evaporated from the sample inthe drying process 9. PROCEDURE B—WASHING USING A WETTING AGENT 9.1 Prepare the sample in the same ‘manner a5 fot Procedure A. 9.2 After drying and determining the ‘mass, place the test sample in the con lainer, Add sufficient water to cover the sample, and add wetting agent to the water (Note 6). Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result in complete sep- aration ofall particles finer than the 75- um (No. 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine material into suspension. The use of a large spoon oF other similar tool to stir and agitate the aggregate in the wash water has been ound satisfactory. Immediately pour the ‘wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. ‘Take care to avoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample. NOTE 6—There should be enough wetting agent to produce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated. The quantity will spend on the hardness of the water and lie quality ofthe detergent Excessive suds may overflow the sieves and amy some mate Fl with them.TABLE METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING Standard Devin Coarse aggregate Sinsle-opeator precision laboratory precision Fine oggrepor ‘Single-opeator precision ‘Accepable Range of “Two Revats (1S), Percent (DS). Percent 010 028 022 002 os 043 029 08 Mulilaboraton precision "Ths suber eprint (15) and (O25) nsw aoe AST C0 *Preson esis ae based en agean ving + omial maximum ie of 190 (in) with es bron estimates ae bse in areas Raving 1.019 3.0 percent Sine than the 7: (No, 200) sve 9.3 Add a second charge of wa (without wetting agent) to the sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before. Repeat this operation until the wash water is clear. 9.4 Complete the test as for Proce- dure A. 10. CALCULATION 10.1 Calculate the amount of mate- rial passing a 75-jm (No. 200) sieve by ‘washing as follows: A= (B= CyB] x 100 [A = percentage of material finer than a 75 um (No. 200) sieve by washing, B= original dry mass of sample, g,and C = dry mass of sample after wash- ing, g. 1. REPORT 11.1 Report the percentage of mate: fal finer than the 75-um (No, 200) sieve by washing to the nearest 0.1 per: Cent, except if the result is 10 percent TH for more, report the percentage to the nearest whole number. 11.2 Include a statement as 0 which procedure was used. 12. PRECISION AND BIAS 12.1 The estimates of precision of this test method listed in Table 1 are based on results from the AASHTO Ma- terials Reference Laboratory Proficiency Sample Program, with testing conducted by this test method and ASTM C117 ‘The significant differences between the methods at the time the data were sc quired is that T 11 required, and ASTM C117 prohibited, the use of a wetting agent. The data are based on the analyses fof more than 100 paired test results from 40 10 100 laboratories 12.2 Bias—Since there is no ac. ‘cepted reference material suitable for de- termining the bias for the procedure in this test method, no statement on bias is made