™ READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1- Passage 1 below: 60 SPOKEN CORPUS COMES TO Lipp 12 which are based on Reading ing of dictionaries has been historicayy 2 Pe caaicr a studious professorial types — usually bespeey ne — who love to pore over weighty tomes and pronouncements on the finer nuances of meaning. They probably good at crosswords and definitely knew a lot of jp but the image was always rather dry and dusty, ‘Th technology, and simple technology at that, is revolution content of dictionaries and the way they are put together, For the first time, dictionary publishers are incorp spoken English into their data. It gives lexicograph who write dictionaries) access to a more vibrant vernacular language which has never really been s In one project, 150 volunteers each agreed Walkman recorder to their waist and Ie anything up to two weeks. Every convei recorded. When the data was collected, 35 times the depth of the Atlantic Oc transcribed the tapes to produce a €0: million words. This has been the basis — along wit for the Language Activate lexicographer Professor has been waiting for’, Tt English how the language words such as ‘eat’Reading word ‘like’, you may in frequent meaning is the is the preposition, as in: tuitiv i verb, Race that the first and most Shere ine ering Itis not. It : ©a duck’. j yord On, loesn 1 - Just becaus The sifting out process is as vital se Cds uP in a beats s ever. But th 3 081 Rye 1 database d frequently it is used — ieee for a word and find out how intuitively before. ng that could only be guessed at a Researchers have fo i different way t0 spoken Beste Enelish works in a very literally means ‘feel free to say aia Phrase ‘say what you like’ ands aed evideneevent ing you want’, but in reality , evidence shows, by someone to prevent the other person voicing disagreement. The phrase ‘it’s a question of” crops up on the database over and over again. It has nothing to do with enquiry, but it’s one of the most frequent English phrases which has never been in a language learner's dictionary before: it is now. F The Spoken Corpus computer shows how inventive and humorous people are when they are using language by twisting familiar phrases for effect. It also reveals the power of the pauses and noises we use to play for time, convey emotion, doubt irony. For the moment, those benefiting most from the Spoks are foreign learners. ‘Computers allow lexicographe quickly through more examples of real Engl Geoffrey Leech of Lancaster University. to be more accurate and give a used? The Spoken Corpus is Part Corpus, an initiative carried 0 production of langu: 2a and the British Lib Gictice Test 3 Questions 1-6 aphs (A-G). Choose the gk suitable headin, ‘Reading Passage 1 has seh Te el write the appropriate cae (es 1-6 on your ‘hed Us fe ragraph ‘Crnas been done for YOu ‘as an example. r . NB There are more headings than paragraphs 82 You may use any heading more than once: done you will not use all of them, List of Headings 1 is corrected research i Gramma New method of Technology learns from Non-verbal content y The first study of spoken language Traditional Jexicographical methods Written English tells the truth i New phrases enter dictionary ‘A cooperative research project x Accurate word frequency counts Alternative expressions provided dictionaries 1 Paragraph A 2 Paragraph B Example Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F os CEO Paragraph GReading estions 7-11 giagram below illustrates the information Sane provided iy “ cami te i xh dan wih npn ic NO E OR baLh iit yord or words. Use Eee space. Write your answers in boxes 7-11 on your Example Current, real-life data collected during The portrayal of feelings through aes ED, Data from ACen written corpus Key words oe and Differences between written and Spoken Corpus computer Most frequently used ... (9)... of words. oe (10) «2. Use joose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 12 on your answer sheet. Why was this article written? A To give an example of a current dictionary. ‘h to dictionary writing. B_ To announce a new approae’ C To show how dictionaries have progressed over the years. f different dictionaries. D To compare the content ©Practice Test 3 2 READING PASSAGE ‘should spend about 20 minutes on You Passage 2 below. Moles happy 6 which are based o7 Reading Questions 1 3-2 go undergroyp burrowing by Europeans are oa reate houses, fist nybody knew about ground poe of .. pernen Frank Siegmund reg discos ani {nono ol > tramy dy pr a nat ts found a nao os cheese climates; in winter Beta protiding through the grass. Montreal, Canada, for insta dl q f inspec ated a chink 0! itizens Can escape the colg Saal Riscironong the thistles. Eadeigrotnd complex com Ge heh ‘amazed investigators shops and even health clin moved down the side of the hill hey Tokyo builders are plannin came across a pine door complete with leaded diamond glass and a brass knocker set into an ing mallcore underground building. The Siegmunds ee 2 Tne had managed to live undetected for oon ea six years outside the border town of pop! oOo Breda, in Holland. They are the latest percer in a clutch of individualistic % j homemakers who have burrowed D Building big com underground in search of tranquillity. underground ec underground city to be 6 next decade, and unde B Most, falling foul of strict building regulations, have been forced to dismantle their individualistic homes nd return to more conventional lifestyles. But subterranean suburbia, Dutch-style, is about to become fespectable and chic. Seven luxury homes cosseted Qway inside a high Satth-Covered noise embankment nex! fo the main Tilburg city road yet to be dug, but UP to buy the unus submerged houses, whose back Consists of a grassy mound gl front is along Glass gallery, The Dutch are Not the 64 Moles, Growing num Sting AssociationG inthe US, where energy-efficien imilar homes in Britain, ric? cs 08 a way of building Wop? © "4." An underground ane futur ‘if, carpenter has never (ee g bill, thanks to solar og eo motural insulation, Fe nels an e obstacle has been ie e local authorities and ng ho prefer to ensure ope with conventional mass- eT ed) But the Dutch ent Was greeted with ed relief by South Limburg pecause of Holland's : rtage of land. It was the Le sntect Jo Hurkmans who hit ee ore making use of noise ca one on main roads. His two- Oo ubedtoomed, two- omed detached homes are ne ng shape. ‘They are not so. ea the earth as in it,’ he us ‘all the light will come through ee lass front, which runs from the aad floor ceiling to the enue Ar00s which do not bg ag Pr natural lighting are at ro eet lving accommodation a sonabody notices that the ba dank, ced Reading Archit is centis inne’ the Olivetti fesidential Ss - Commissioned rae Olivetti in 1969, it Banas 3 edioomeg Apartments and MAdisonettes QNd forms a OUse/hotel fo Olive hi, a resident since 1992, Says it is little different from living 'N.Q conventional Apartment. Not everyone Odapts so well, and in Japan scientists at the Shimizu Corporation have developed ‘space Creation’ systems which mix light, sounds, breezes and scents toa stimulate people who spend | Periods below ground, Unt Offices in Japan are beingQuestions 13-20 . ir raphs (A~ Choose the most sabe heading fo Pedi a hs inc rch ni a Paragraph fo th i paragrer Men done for YOU a a example on your answer shee ; raps so you will NB There are more headings than paragi 2 not use all of them, eC List of Headings his houses javentional housing A designer describes Most people prefer ¢¢ Simulating a natural environment How an underground family home developed y Demands on space and energy are reduced vi __ The plans for future homes vii Worldwide examples of unde accommodation Some buildings do not require natural light Developing underground services around the wo Underground living improves health e Homes sold before completion An underground home is discovered rground living Example Paragraph A 13 Paragraph B 14 Paragraph C 15 Paragraph D 16 Paragraph E 17 Paragraph F 18 Paragraph G 19 20Reading tions 21-26 plete the sentences below with words taken THREE WORDS for each answer, Wri from the reading passage. Use NO MORE ‘ite your answers in boxes 21-26 on your he Dutch development was welcomed by ... jurkmans” houses are built into ... Ivrea centre was developed for ... japanese scientists are helping people ... underground life. rank Siegmund’s first underground room was used for ... wed ge? pacing gag 2 auaiitnsn alityPractice Test 3 based on Reading READING PASSAGE 3 vas 27-38 which are jo stil You should spend about 20 minutes on Quest Passage 3 below. Aone omy sas 7 onom holic Ec A Wor ka production has been almost FOR ‘THE first century of $0 0f I Te upled from employment. § Rel istrs revolution, __ increased are even downsizing as Bees pro productivity led to decreases in working 3 All things being equal, we'd hours. Employees whohad been puttingin NM ind the wo 12-hour days, six daysa week, found their economist Ronald Ge timeon the jobshrinking to 10hoursdaily, bow A then, finally, to eight hours, five days CO ne ors week. Only a generation ago social fewer workers planners worried about what people would _ hire fewer \ . oorian dowithall thisnew-found freetime. Inthe _ the same time, COMPS US, at least, it seems they nced not have more time on a bothered. incentives involve wl Although the output per hour of work _ the structure of comp has more than doubled since 1945, leisure _ the way salaries and b seems reserved largely forthe unemployed that make it more and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War II. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970 — perhaps because real wages have stagnated since that year. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress, Thereare several reasons for lost leisure, Since 1979, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by work overtime rather than by hiring ey economist Juliet B, University. Indeed, th ot tied to the .. Therefore, Reprinted with permission. Copy 68ore profitable for employers to work existing employees harder. jor all that employees complain about hours, they, too, have reasons not to fe money for leisure. ‘People who work ced hours pay a huge penalty in career 5,’ Schor maintains. ‘It’s taken as a tive signal’ about their commitment the firm.’ [Lotte] Bailyn [of sachusetts Institute of Technology] js that many corporate managers find it ficult to measure the contribution of underlings to a firm’s well-being, so use the number of hours worked as a y for output. ‘Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior rdingly. Ithough the image of the good worker © one whose life belongs to the pany,’ Bailyn says, ‘it doesn’t fit the ss.’ She cites both quantitative and Jitative studies that show increased ductivity for part-time workers: they e better use of the time they have, and are less likely to succumb to fatigue in ssful jobs. Companies that employ e workers for less time also gain from esulting redundancy, sheasserts. ‘The a people can cover the contingencies Reading that you know are going to happen, such as when crises take people away from the workplace.’ Positive experiences with reduced hours have begun to change the more-is-better culture at some companies, Schor reports. Larger firms, in particular, appear to be more willing to experiment with flexible working arrangements. .. Tt may take even more than changes in the financial and cultural structures of employment for workers successfully to trade increased productivity and money for leisure time, Schor contends. She says the US. market for goods has become skewed by the assumption of full-time, two-career households. Automobile makers no longer manufacture cheap models, and developers do not build the tiny bungalows that served the first post= war generation of home buyers. Not even the humblest household object is made without a microprocessor. As Schor notes, the situation is a curious inversion of the ‘appropriate technology’ vision that designers have had for developing countries: U.S. goods are appropriate only for high incomes and long hours. Paul Wallich- Practice Test 3 of the writer i Reading Passage 30 ys 4 Questions 27-32 nthe 10 ee Wi 2 . en the writer ‘Do the following stareme” eeiaws of the Wt In boxes 27-32 write ent agrees vith ile of the writer if the seater i com radicts # uh Sher ihinks about thig ss fe ey at A impossil NOT GIVEN ifi® king hours. reduction In wor! 27 Today, employees are facing @ iS employment en consulted about U! 28 Social planners have bes e the 1970s. Salaries have not risen significantly sinc 8 30 The economic recovery created more jobs. 31 _Bailyn’s research shows that part-time employ e 32 Increased leisure time would benefit two-¢a Questions 33-34 sheet. 33 A itis easy to make excess B crises occur if you are: ic D 44° Schor thinks it will be diffen Working hours because slam A 70List of Factors Books are available to help employees cope with stress. Extra work is offered to existing employees. Increased production has led to joblessness. Benefits and hours spent on the job are not linked. Overworked employees require longer to do their work. Longer hours indicate greater commitment to the firm. Managers estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees value a career more than a family.Practice Test 3 WRITING TASK | 20 minutes 0” this task. You should spend about por week spent on fast foods The chart below shows the amount of money e in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods. describing the information sho} Write a report for @ university lecturer You should write at least 150 words. Expenditure on fast foods by income groups Pence wee 40} { }—— ee ae 4 a Bae HS a o5 a 10] | aE c | High Income i Average Income Consumpti imption of fast foods 1970 - 1990 grammes 00 400 300 200Writing. RITING TASK 2 should spend about 40 minutes on this task, sk. Scent a written argument or ca: ‘ se t ET ing top 10 an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of . ledge 0 News editors decide newspapers. What bana broadcast on television and what to print i perme used to ba nes? a ou aniauesitence these eels De we ReuAD PPonld AIDE ees Ufoaare good news eas news was reported? should write at least 250 words your own ideas, knowledge and exper % experience an vats with examples and relevant evidence eas ag