I N S T I T U D E

HISTORY OF INTERIOR
DESIGN AND
FURNITURE

D E S I G N
H O M E
PART 2
 Renaissance
LECTURE CONTENTS
Baroque

Rococo

Neoclassical Style
HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN & FURNITURE
PART 2
Traditional Style to today
RENAISSANCE

•Early renaissance
•High renaissance
 RENAISSANCE
INTRODUCTION
Renaissance
The style spread throughout Europe, replacing the medieval
Gothic style. As in the Classical world, Renaissance architecture architecture
was characterised by the harmony between human and
mathematical proportions. reflected the
Key architectural elements of Renaissance buildings included “rebirth” of
columns, pilasters, pediments, entablatures, arches, and
domes. Classical culture.
EARLY RENAISSANCE

LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI

The Early Renaissance flourished in the Republic of Florence.

The city was ruled by the merchant class and noble families,
primarily the Medici family.

Santa Maria Novella was the first great basilica in Florence

and one of the most well-known examples of early
Renaissance architecture in Italy. Its elegant and harmonious
marble facade was created by Leon Battista Alberti.

https://www.theartstory.org/movement/early-renaissance/history-and-concepts/
 EARLY RENAISSANCE

FILLIPO BRUNELLESCHI

The majestic dome of Florence cathedral measures about 32

metres in diameter and gave the impression to contemporaries
of being suspended from heaven. In plan it is almost square,
but looked at from within, it appears to be rectangular.

Legend has it that Brunelleschi actually won the competition

without showing any plans. He just used an egg.

https://www.ciaoflorence.it/en/page/131
HIGH RENAISSANCE
KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and

architect Donato Bramante are undoubtedly the
period's most notable legends. The mastery of linear
perspective created extreme depth, highly accuracy
and scientifically correctness of the depictions of
human anatomy.

https://www.artandobject.com/news/history-and-influence-da-vincis-vitruvian-man
 THE CREATION OF ADAM

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sistine-Chapel
HIGH RENAISSANCE

TEMPIETTO DEL BRAMANTE, ROME

The tiny, round temple by Donato Bramante sits inside the

courtyard of the church of San Pietro in Montorio in Rome, on
the spot where St Peter was crucified. A small
commemorative tomb, the Tempietto (“small temple”) is
considered a masterpiece of High Renaissance Italian
architecture and thought to be the prototype of St Peter’s
Basilica.

https://www.historyhit.com/the-most-important-renaissance-buildings-in-italy/
 BEDSTEAD CURULE CHAIR CABINET

The oak bedstead is Also known as Savaloria, Italian renaissance

typical of French being smaller, was more cabinethad architectural
Renaissance furniture. It comfortable. It had an X character. It was
belonged to Jeanne shape, of Roman imposing even
d'Albret, mother of Henri inspiration. monumental. It was richly
IV carved and inlaid.

european-furniture-styles.com/Italian-Renaissance-Furniture.html
BAROQUE
 BAROQUE

KEY CHARACTERISTICS

The style characterises with extremely rich artistic elements for

ultra luxurious interiors featuring stained glass, twisted
columns, coloured marble, painted ceilings, gilt mirrors and
oversized chandeliers.

Baroque palaces were built on an expanded and monumental

scale in order to display the power and grandeur of the
centralised state, a phenomenon best displayed in the royal
palace and gardens at Versailles.

https://www.hisour.com/french-baroque-architecture-27723/
 VERSAILLES

https://en.chateauversailles.fr/
 The greatest of the Baroque sculptor-architects
was Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

I N S T I T U D E
D E S I G N
SCULPTURE OF MEDUSA

H O M E
BALDACHIN WITH SPIRAL
COLUMNS

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gian-Lorenzo-Bernini
BAROQUE

ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL

English Baroque architecture can be characterised by heavy

structures adorned with elaborate decoration. Built by
Christopher Wren, St. Paul’s Cathedral is the only English
cathedral in the Classical tradition.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/architecture-of-the-baroque-period/
ROCOCO
 ROCOCO
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Derived from the
By the 18th century, European interior designers made Rococo
style increasingly popular while taking influence from Asian French ‘rocaille’,
stoneware, floral prints, and furniture inlaid with exotic details
like ivory, tortoiseshell and mother-of-pearl. a word used to
Rococo furniture became a symbol of status - hyper elegant and describe rock or
lavishly detailed design style taking cues from botanical
silhouettes. It is defined as comfortable, versatile, and easy to broken shell.
be moved around.
 CATHERINE PALACE

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/rococo/
 Curved asymmetric ornamentation, forms often
resemble the letters 'S' and 'C'

I N S T I T U D E
D E S I G N
ROCOCO DECORATIONS

H O M E
‘A NEW BOOK OF ORNAMENTS WITH TWELVE

LEAVES’
https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the-rococo-style-an-introduction#slideshow=74976771&slide=0
NEOCLASSICAL STYLE
 NEOCLASSICAL STYLE

THE PANTHEON, PARIS

The Neoclassical look of the late 18th century borrows

elements found in ancient Greece and Rome. Neoclassical
architecture is characterised by grand scale, simplicity of
geometric forms, dramatic use of columns, and a preference
for blank walls.

The Pantheon in Paris was commissioned by King Louis XV

who intended for it to be a church, later was transformed
into a mausoleum.The Pantheon's dome features neoclassical
coffers constructed of stone.

https://www.veranda.com/travel/g34299821/best-neoclassical-architecture/?slide=5
BREAK
TRADITIONAL TO TODAY
 CHAIR EVOLUTION

https://www.archdaily.com/901164/see-how-the-design-of-chairs-beds-and-sofas-have-evolved-through-history
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE CRISTAL PALACE, LONDON

Throughout the Industrial Revolution interior design was

available for a wider audience. This is in large part due to
easier printing processes creating a wide distribution of
fashion and lifestyle publications and the fact that luxury
items became increasingly attainable.Throughout the
Industrial Revolution interior design was available for a wider
audience. Furnishings produced in factories were all alike.

https://petroleumservicecompany.com/blog/sewing-machine-history/
TROPICAL DESIGN
‘IMAGINARY MIES VAN DER ROHE
HOUSE’
http://www.bauhaus-imaginista.org/articles/4359/tropical-architecture-building-skin
AESTHETIC MOVEMENT
 AESTHETIC MOVEMENT

KEY CHARACTERISTICS

The Aesthetic Movement was a way for radicals to express their

dislike of current, tired industrial interior design. ‘Art for arts
sake’ slogan was used to symbolise this.

The ideal of 'The House Beautiful' sparked a revolution in

building and interior decoration and led ultimately to a more
widespread recognition of the necessity of beauty in everyday
life.

https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/an-introduction-to-the-aesthetic-movement
 CHAIR SIDEBOARD SCREEN

Chair, Edward William Sideboard, Edward Screen, William Eden

Godwin, about 1885, William Godwin, 1867 – Nesfield, 1867, England
England. 70, England.

https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/an-introduction-to-the-aesthetic-movement
VICTORIAN STYLE
VICTORIAN STYLE

THE CRISTAL PALACE, LONDON

The colour choices of walls followed a strict code depending

on room type and always used colours which were placed
beside or exactly opposite on the colour wheel.

The Crystal Palace was a glass and cast iron structure built in
London, England. The building was designed by Sir Joseph
Paxton, an architect and gardener, and revealed
breakthroughs in architecture, construction and design.

https://www.archdaily.com/397949/ad-classic-the-crystal-palace-joseph-paxton
ARTS & CRAFTS MOVEMENT
 ARTS & CRAFTS MOVEMENT

WILLIAM MORRIS

William Morris is best known as the 19th century's most

celebrated designer. The followers of the Arts and Crafts
Movement believed that the Middle Ages formed the last
period in which artists and craftsmen had honestly expressed
themselves by creating beautiful objects for everyday life. In
order to produce his first wallpapers, Morris researched and
revived historical printing and dyeing methods.

https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/an-introduction-to-the-aesthetic-movement
ART NOUVEAU
ART NOUVEAU

KEY CHARACTERISTICS

The sinuous lines of medieval art popularized by Morris must

have been one of the inspirations for the art nouveau
movement. This movement used a modern visual language
that rejected all reference to the past, becoming a new and
universal style.

Antoni Gaudì took a direction all of his own in which he used

manual skills to formally define his designs.

http://www.museiitaliani.org/art-nouveau/
 GUSTAV KLIMT

https://www.gustav-klimt.com/Portrait-Of-Adele-Bloch-Bauer-1.jsp
MODERNISM
 MODERNISM

EERO SAARINEN

The modernist movement stressed simplicity, clarity of form,

and rejected noise in design. Contrasting textures and colour
schemes featuring grey, red, black, white and orange are also
typical for the movement. Some of the leading figures include
Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, and Eero Saarinen.

Saarinen designed the Tulip chairs and tables, the Womb chair,
and the 70 series seating collection.

https://www.knoll.com/designer/Eero-Saarinen
MODERNISM

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

This design movement was pioneered also by American

architect and interior designer Frank Lloyd Wright who
believed in creating harmony between people and nature.
Organic design is all about the use of natural materials and
the perfect balance between the manmade and natural
worlds. Wright strove to make each of his prairie homes a
“complete work of art”.

https://franklloydwright.org/visual-history-life-americas-greatest-architect/
 Drawing inspiration from the simplicity of
Japanese design and American craftsmen.

I N S T I T U D E
D E S I G N
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
CHAIRS

H O M E
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT TABLE

https://www.invaluable.com/blog/frank-lloyd-wright-furniture/
BAUHAUS
BAUHAUS

KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Between 1919 and 1933 The Bauhaus movement reinvented

furniture design forever. The clean-lines we see in today’s
furniture were first established by this influential German
design studio. Bauhaus rejects unnecessary stylistic affections
– instead prioritising function, neutral colours and clean
shapes.

Thonet creates innovative products designed for durability:

they are characterised by the highest quality and a timeless
formal language.

https://shop.bauhaus-movement.com/thonet
BAUHAUS
MIES VAN DER ROHE

Mies van der Rohe became the third director of

Bauhaus and was one of the world's best-known
architects and led Bauhaus to it’s end.

Mies designed the the Barcelona Pavilion. In his work

Mies was exploring the ideas of a free open floor plan
and floating roof. He also designed the Barcelona Chair,
iconic for the Bauhaus.

https://www.dezeen.com/2018/11/19/mies-van-der-rohe-modernist-architect-third-
director-bauhaus-100/
ART DECO
 ART DECO

KEY CHARACTERISTICS

This movement features an Art Deco celebrated modern life Materials used in art deco
intoxicating blend of early 20th and emphasised luxury and interior design are slick and
century design styles including sophistication. The era relied reflective. Plenty of metallics are
Constructivism, Cubism, heavily on clean lines, fuss-free present in this style; from gold to
Modernism, Bauhaus, Art angular shapes, bold colour, and silver, stainless steel, and
Nouveau, and Futurism. One of stylised patterns like zig-zags and chrome. Glass is also a frequently
the most well-known interior optical figures. For added used material in art deco design.
design styles, Art Deco glamor, ornate embellishments
represented modernity, and metallic surfaces were also
everyday glamor,and elegance. hallmarks of the era.
 ÉMILE-JACQUES RULMANN

http://artdecostyle.ca/art-deco-style-blog/art-deco-artist-emile-jacques-ruhlmann
MID-CENTURY MODERN
 MID-CENTURY MODERN

CHARLES & RAY EAMES

Mid-Century Modern valued functionality, elegance and

simplicity creating beautiful designs that never go out of style.
Furniture from this era usually combines only two materials.The
mid-century movement was the organic offspring of
modernism. Furniture in this style was mass-produced and
designed to be affordable to average homeowners. The
Eameses championed new technologies too, creating plastic
resin or wire mesh chairs.

https://www.vitra.com/en-gb/living/product/details/wire-chair-dkr
 LOUNGE CHAIR

https://www.vitra.com/en-gb/about-vitra/original/lounge-chair
SCANDINAVIAN MODERN
SCANDINAVIAN MODERN

KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Belonging to the school of modernism, Scandinavian interior

design is a design movement characterised by a focus on
functionalism and simplicity. It highlights the virtues of
beautifully designed, practical objects that are affordable and
accessible. It also includes the use of natural materials, such
as leather, wood, and hemp. Furthermore, a Scandinavian
interior design is often influenced by a connection to nature,
which combines natural shapes, abstraction, and the use of
natural elements.

http://www.museiitaliani.org/the-collection/
 WISHBONE CHAIR EGG CHAIR PAIMIO CHAIR

This light but strong chair Arne Jacobsen’s design is Originally Alvar Aalto
was designed in 1950 by a study of simplicity. The designed the chair for the
Hans Werner. Egg was first released in Paimio Sanatorium
1958 between 1929-33.

https://www.scandinaviastandard.com/scandinavian-mid-century-modern-chairs/
POSTMODERNISM
 POSTMODERNISM

ETTORE SOTTSASS

This movement was born as a challenge to what people saw to

be the generic blandness of the Modernist movement. One of
its main figures was Italian architect and designer Ettore
Sottsass, with his signature playful shapes, abstract prints, and
powerful colour stories. Founder of the Memphis group.
Ultrafragola is one of the most renowned pieces designed by
the architect. This neon-lit pink mirror celebrated femininity
translating the curves of a woman’s body through design.

https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/look-into-the-ettore-sottsass-mirror-that-gets-style-setters-preening
THANK YOU!