GRMT 6140

Week3, Notes
Based on Belvedere and Grando (2015)
Sustainability and New Product
Design
Chapter 3

GRMT6140_Week1 2
Introduction

Source: https://www.ricoh.com/sustainability/environment/eco_business_center/

GRMT6140 3
Ricoh’s Approach
• Plan: Eco balance data on the environmental
Ricoh also works in
impacts caused by business activities, use technologies that
results for defining an action plan; will help reduce the
environmental
• Do: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based designs impact of society as
are drown up, and production process a whole
technologies are developed to achieve targets;
• Check: results are reviewed against Eco
Balance Data;
• Act: Results are reflected in the next targets.

GRMT6140 4
The Environment Orientation Path
Background

GRMT6140 5
The Evolution of Environment Orientation

Pro-active
choices
Design and
management
of reverse
End-of-Pipe flows
pollution
controls
Reactive
Choices

GRMT6140 6
The Circular Economy
In Brief

GRMT6140 7
The Circular Economy

Source: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org

GRMT6140 8
The Circular Economy (Cont.)
1. A Circular view of life cycle
2. The need to up-cycling
logistics
3. Effectiveness instead of
efficiency of natural resources
4. Incentive to use renewable Source: Pixabay

resources

GRMT6140 9
Life Cycle and Cradle-to-Cradle
Approaches

GRMT6140 10
The built of Cradle-to-Cradle Approaches
1. Cradle-to-gate
2. Cradle-to-grave
3. Cradle-to-cradle

Source: EPEA Hamburg

GRMT6140 11
Eco-Efficiency Vs. Eco-Effectiveness

Eco-Efficiency Eco-Effectiveness
• Zero emissions, cradle-to-grave • Closed-loop, cradle-to-cradle
perspective.
• Reduce material intensity • Exploit resources in subsequent
• Reduce energy intensity life cycles
• Reduce toxic dispersion • Prohibiting the use of toxic
• Enhance recyclability material
• Maximize use of resources • Up-cycling
• Extend product durability
• Increase service intensity
GRMT6140 12
 Design for the Environment (DFE)
Raw material extraction
And Processing
• Design for conservation
• Design for low-impact
• Design for biodiversity

Manufacturing, packaging End of Life

And distribution • Design for environment
• Design for cleaner production • Design for reuse
• Design for low-impact • Design for remanufacturing
• Design for efficient distribution • Design for disassembly
• Design for maintenance • Design for recycling

Product Use
• Design for energy efficiency
• Design for minimal consumption
• Design for low-impact use
• Design for service and repair
• Design for durability

GRMT6140 13
 Life Cycle Assessment Matrix- Sample
Stages Energy Use Resource Waste and Biodiversity and Human Health Social Issues
Depletion Pollution Habitat Loss

MFG
Components
Electronics MFG

Automatic
Insertion
Welding

Manual Insertion

Assembly

Testing

Packaging

Low Impact High Impact

GRMT6140 14
DFE Principles
• Embed lifecycle thinking into the
product development process
• Evaluate resource-efficiency and
effectives of the system
• Select appropriate metrics to
represent life cycle performance
• Maintain and apply portfolio of
systematic design strategies
Image by Gert Altmann @ Pixabay

GRMT6140 15
DFE Implementation Process

Based on: Ulrich and Eppinger (2012)

GRMT6140 16