BODDU.

HARSHA

2019A4PS0428P

ENGINES,MOTORS AND MOBILITY

Working of 2-stroke diesel engine

In a two-stroke engine, the working cycle is completed in two-stroke of the piston or one
revolution of the crank shaft against the two revolutions of the crankshaft in a four-stroke
engine.The filling of the cylinder is the main difference between two stroke and four stroke
engine,in a two stroke engine filling process is accomplished by the change compressed in
the crankcase and the engine is able to produce power in two strokes because the exhaust and
intake of gases occur simultaneously and disel engines are generally used in aircraft,
automobiles, power genration,disel electromotives aswell as in both surface ships and
submaries.

Basic working mechanisms of the diesel engine

The basic componets of the disel engine are cylinder,Piston,injector,valves,Connecting

rod,Crank case,Piston rings and crankshaft.In a disel engine only air is drawn into cylinder
and the diesel cycle is a combustion process which occur through reciprocating internal
combustion engine.Here fuel is ignited by heat generated during the compression of air in the
combustion chamber into which fuel is injected.

Fig(i). Schematic diagram of Two stroke Diesel Engine

As the engine has high compression ratio hence the air in the cylinder attains very high
temperature aswell as pressure at the end of each compression stroke.As the end of
compression stroke is reached the fuel is sprayed into the cylinder in atomized form using
injectors and because of high temperatures,the fuel gets ignited and it begins to burn and
produces lot of heat,due to heat the gases expands and responsible for moving pistion
downwards and rotation of crank shaft and the torque available at the roatating crank shaft is
used for the doing the mechanical work

Some important Considerations and Design features

Few special features of diesel engine are it has better slogging or lugging ability,i.e.it
maintains higher torque for a longer duration of time even at lower speed and some more
intresting features are

(i)Engine has high compression ratio ranging from 14:1 to 22:1

(ii)During the process of compression stroke, the engine attains high pressure ranging from
30 to 45 Kg/cm2 and high temperature of about 500oC

(iii)As end of the compression stroke is reached, fluid is injected into the cylinder through
injectors at very high pressure ranging from 120 to 200 Kg/cm2

(iv) There is no external spark in disel engine and ignition takes place through heat of
compression only.

Fig(ii).P-V Plot of working process of Diesel Engine

P-Pressure,V-Volume

Process 1 to 2: ISO ENTROPIC COMPRESSION of the fluid

Process 2 to 3:REVERSIBLE CONSTANT PRESSURE heating

Process 3 to 4:ISO ENTROPIC EXPANSION

Process 4 to 1:REVERSIBLE CONSTANT VOLUME cooling

Differences between Diesel and Petrol two stroke engine

One of the main difference between diesel and petrol two stroke engine is difference in
thermodynamic process at one stage,i.e in diesel engine it is constant pressure process where
as in petrol engine it is constant volume process..

Fig(iii).P-V Plot of working process of Petrol Engine

The other differences are as follows..

TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE TWO-STROKE PETROL ENGINE

The compression ratio of diesel engines The compression ratio of petrol engine
varies from 14:1 to 22:1 varies from 5:1 to 8:1
Air is only sucked into the cylinder during Fuel and air mixture is sucked in the
suction stroke cylinder during suction stroke
 Fuel gets injected in the combustion
chamber while burning of fuel takes place
only due to heat of compression
Engine weight per horsepower is high
Thermal efficiency varies from 32 to 38%
Operation cost is low
Inside the cylinder, compression pressure
varies from 35 to 45 Kg/cm2 and
temperatures reaches upto 500oC
In a Petrol engine, Air-fuel mixture is
compressed in the combustion chamber
when ignited by an electric spark
Engine weight per horsepower is
comparatively low
Thermal efficiency varies from 25 to 32%
Operation cost is high
Inside the cylinder Compression pressure
varies from 6 to 10 Kg/cm2 temperature will
be above 260oC

Advantages and Disadvantages of two stroke diesel engine

Diesel Engines are comparatively cheaper than gasoline engines and simpler and more
economical. As fuel of diesel engine is less volatile compared to gasoline engines so, this
could be good for safety. As, High compression involves in diesel engines they need to
withstand far greater stresses and strains than those of gasoline engines other than this
pollution caused due to diesel engine is drawback for it because it releases mixture of
pollutants including Nitrogen oxide, Carbon monoxide as well as hydrocarbons too.