Linux Commands To Know by Devops Engineer Cheat Sheet

Linux Commands to know by DevOps Engineer Cheat Sheet
by rakesh zingade via cheatography.com/71377/cs/18096/
System/OS related commands User admin Commands
To know the OS type: To know the CPU To know the group/user Check user added or not into system:
$ uname -o architecture: exists on the system: $ id <username>
$ uname -m $ getent group e.g. $ id clouduser1
To check the kernel version: To get the OS name, release, <group name>
$ uname -r version: $ getent passwd
$ cat /etc/os-release <user name>
To list the system hardware: To get the CPU details: To create a new group: Modify existing user, add user to group:
$ lshw $ lscpu $ sudo groupadd $ sudo usermod -aG <group name>

<group name> <username>
To check system memory: To check the virtual memory
e.g. $ sudo e.g. $ sudo usermod –aG sudo
$ free -h stats:
groupadd training clouduser1
$ vmstat -S m
Free memory cache, dentries and To print the process specific To delete the existing Add user’s home directory (example for
inode (with root): $ echo 3 > memory utilizations: group: clouduser1):

$ sudo groupdel $ sudo mkdir -p /home/user1
/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches $ ps aux --sort=-%mem
<group name> $ sudo chown
To search packages for installation: To installed package:
e.g. $ sudo clouduser1:clouduser1
$ apt search <package name> $ sudo apt-get install
groupdel training /home/user1 $ ls -l /home
e.g.: <package name>
drwxr-xr-x 2 clouduser1
$ apt search python-boto
clouduser1 4096 Nov 18 12:13
To uninstall package: To list the mounted disk user1
$ sudo apt-get remove <package name drives: $ sudo usermod -d /home/user1
$ df -kh
clouduser1
To mount the volume: To list biggest files from $ id clouduser1
(create the directory first to mount directory (biggest 5): uid=1002(clouduser1)
volume) $ sudo du -a /dir/ | gid=1003(clouduser1)
$ mkdir -p <directory path sort -n -r | head -n 5 groups=1003(clouduser1),27(sudo)
e..g /mount-vol>
$ su - clouduser1
$ sudo mount <src path>
$ pwd
<above created dir path>
/home/user1
Find the file (search for a file): Search the text string in a
Print the groups to Delete existing user with all files
$ find <dir path> -name directory and print filename
which the current user associated with user:
<filename> -print containing that string:
is associated: $ sudo userdel -r clouduser1
e.g. to find app.log in /var $ file /var -type f -
$ groups $ id clouduser1
directory print | xargs grep
id: ‘clouduser1’: no such user
$ find /var -name app.log –print` <search text>
File the text string from a given directory:

$ grep -rIn <search text> <directory path>
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User admin Commands (cont) Editor/Text manipulation commands (cont)
Change the group name: Add user to system: cut, cutting out the sections Uniq, is a command that filter
$ sudo groupmod –n <new group name> $ sudo adduser from lines: out the duplicates
<old group name> <user name> $ cut -d “delimiter” -f a) fetch
e.g. I want to change the groupname e.g. add <field> <file.txt> repeated/duplicate lines
‘training’ to ‘cloudadmin’ clouduser1 to a) cut the line on space from a file
$ sudo groupmod -n cloudadmin system and print 1st to 4th field $ uniq -d <file.txt>
training $ sudo adduser $ echo "my phone number is b) get the count of uniq
clouduser1 8873893" | cut -d " " -f lines in a file {nl}} $

1-4 b) uniq -c <filename>
Editor/Text manipulation commands change the delimiter space

with column
awk command for pattern scanning & diff, get the
$ echo "hello world" |
processing: differences by
cut -d " " -f 1-2 --
1. Convert text from upper case to comparing files
lower case line by line output-delimiter=%
$ echo "SAMPLE TEXT" | awk '{print $ diff Sort is to sort file, records, lists tr is to translate or delete
tolower($0)}' file1.txt etc: characters
2 Print the next word after found a file2.txt a) sort file contents of a) translate all lowercase
pattern text file (-r option to letters to upper case in a
e.g. print the next work after reverse sorting) file
‘reach:’ appear in syslog file $ sort file.txt $ cat filename | tr
$ awk b) sort based on column “[:lower:]” “[:upper:]”
'{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)if($i=="reach:")p number b) translate white spaces
rint $(i+1)}' /var/log/syslog $ df -kh | sort -k 5 to tabs
3. Trim the white spaces $ cat filename | tr
echo ' aws <command> help ' | awk [:space:] ‘\t’
'{gsub(/^ +| +$/,"")}1' c) remove all digits from
4. Print the selected columns from string
command output. $ echo "my mob number
E.g. from df command interested in 88039223" | tr -d
only filesystem and use% column data [:digit:]
$ df -kh |awk '{print $1 " " $5}' d) Just get the digits
5. use regex as a field separator, from string
e.g input field separator as / or = $ echo "my mob number
e.g. 88039223" | tr -cd
$ awk -F"=|:" '{print $2}' [:digit:]
input text as
‘dnsconf=/etc/resolv.conf’ or
‘dnsconf:/etc/resolv.conf’ for both
same command will work

Editor/Text manipulation commands (cont) Network related commands (cont)
tee, is a command which reads the standard sed - stream editor, it scp, secure copy from remote host nmap, check open ports
input and write into standard output and also is used for filtering a) copy file from remote host on server, generally used
to a file. This is used to redirect logs or data and transforming text (syntax) scp -i <pem file> as network exploration
to a file: a) Find and <username>@<remote ip>: tool
a) let we have two log files, replace text <filepath> <local destination a) check open ports
file1.log & file2.log and we need to $ echo 'Unix is dirpath> on remote host
append file1.log to file2.log multi-user OS' | e.g. $ scp id_rsa.pem $ nmap
$ cat file1.log | tee -a file2.log sed rakesh@192.168.56.120:/home/r 172.217.27.206
b) redirect the command output to a 's/Unix/Linux/' akesh/data.txt . b) list out all
log file b) delete b) copy local file to remote machines from network
$ du --max-depth=1 -h | sort -hr particular line host that responds to ping
2>&1 | tee du.log from a file $ scp -i id_rsa.pem data.txt $ nmap -sP
(e.g. 5th line) rakesh@192.168.56.120:/home/r 192.168.56.0/24
$ sed '5d' akesh c) scan and print
file.txt ports, os & other

c) delete 5th to details about remote
10th line from a host
file $ sudo nmap -sS -A -

$ sed '5,10d' T4 192.168.56.150
file.txt lsof, list open files by processes netcat, debug and

(check more a) list open files by specific investigate network
details in a user a) start a dummy
separate block) lsof -u <username> listening server on
b) find processes running on port 8080

Network related commands specific port $ netcat -l 8080
$ lsof -i TCP:9090 b) send data over
nslookup, Query internet netstat, print the network stats,
domain name server listening ports etc some port to server
a) find the IP from a) print all listening ports $ netcat <remote
fqdn $ netstat -plunt server ip> <port>
$ nslookup google.com b) check if server is listening e.g.
b) check the fqdn on port 8080 or not $ netcat
from ip address $ netstat -plunt | grep 8080 192.168.56.120 8080
$ nslookup c) list stats of all ports (press EOF CNTR+D at
172.217.167.174 $ netstat -s end)
d) display pid of listening

ports
$ netstat -pt
e) list network interfaces
$ netstat -i

Network related commands (cont) sed - stream editor (cont)
curl ifconfig.co, get the route, show/=manipulate IP routing table \{i\}: matches exactly i sequences 'i is between 0 to 255'
public ip of the machine a) show current routing table \{i,\} : matches more than or equal to i sequences
$ curl ifconfig.co $ route -n regex1|regex2 : matches regular expression 1 or regular expression 2
b) add route to particular [a-z0-9A-z]: matches any ASCII chars
network e.g. =====================================

Examples
make 10.10.76.0/24 accessible via
-------------------
gw 10.10.76.1
# find and replace any os name with Ubuntu
$ route add -net 10.10.76.0
e.g.
netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 1.
10.10.76.1 input: osname: centOS7
output: osname: Ubantu
ufw, manage firewall hostname, provides hostname of a
2.
a) check firewall machine
input: winOS: Windows-10
status a) get hostname
output: osname: Ubantu
$ sudo ufw status $ sudo hostname 3.
b) enable/disable input: MacOS:Mac10
firewall output: osname: Ubantu
$ sudo ufw Solution:

key=echo "<input string>" | cut -d ":" -f 1
enable/disable
echo "<input string" | sed -e 's/^$key:\s.$/$key: Ubantu/g'
first store the key i.e. left side label
sed - stream editor
^ - start of line
Sed - perform basic transformations on an input stream i.e. a file or a \s* - zero or more space charaters
stream input from a pipeline. .* - any zero or multiple charaters
Example: replace all occurrences of TCP to UDP in network.log file $ - end of the line
$ sed 's/TCP/UDP/' network.log > modified-network.log -------------------------------------

Extract the line containing IP address from a file
Common sed command line options
sed -rn '/([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}/p' /etc/hosts
-i : edit in place i.e. sed -i 's/TCP/UDP/' network.log
-n <line number>p e.g. print on line no 30 from network.log sed -n '30p'
network.log
-e : expression e.g. sed -e 's/TCP/UDP/' network.log
[ here 's' stand for substitute ]
Basic regular expression overview
. : (dot) matches any single character
* : matches a sequence of zero or more instances e.g.
$ echo 'hostname=localhost.myorg.com' | sed
's/l.l/myappserver/' *
^ : indicates the beginning of the line
$ : indicates the end of the line
[list] or [^list] :matches any single char in a list. e.g. [1-9] matches any
digit from 1 to 9
\+ : As *, matches any single or multiple instances of chars
\?: As *, matches any zero or one instances of chars


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Linux Commands to know by DevOps Engineer Cheat Sheet

by rakesh zingade via cheatography.com/71377/cs/18096/

System/OS related commands User admin Commands

$ uname -r version: $ getent passwd

$ cat /etc/o​s-r​elease <user name>

$ lshw $ lscpu $ sudo groupadd $ sudo usermod -aG <group name>

inode (with root): $ echo 3 > memory utiliz​ati​ons: group: cloudu​ser​1):

File the text string from a given direct​ory:

By rakesh zingade Not published yet. Sponsored by Readability-Score.com

User admin Commands (cont) Editor​/Text manipu​lation commands (cont)

‘training’ to ‘cloud​admin’ clouduser1 to a) cut the line on space from a file

cloudu​ser1 887389​3" | cut -d " " -f lines in a file {nl}} $

Editor​/Text manipu​lation commands change the delimiter space

pattern text file (-r option to letters to upper case in a

e.g. print the next work after reverse sorting) file

‘reach:’ appear in syslog file $ sort file.txt $ cat filename | tr

$ awk b) sort based on column “[:low​er:]” “[:upp​er:]”

'{for(​i=1​;i<​=NF​;i+​+)i​f($​i==​"​rea​ch:​"​)p number b) translate white spaces

rint $(i+1)}' /var/log/syslog $ df -kh | sort -k 5 to tabs

3. Trim the white spaces $ cat filename | tr

echo ' aws <co​mma​nd> help ' | awk [:space:] ‘\t’

'{gsub(/^ +| +$/,"")}1' c) remove all digits from

4. Print the selected columns from string

command output. $ echo "my mob number

E.g. from df command interested in 880392​23" | tr -d

only filesystem and use% column data [:digit:]

5. use regex as a field separator, from string

e.g input field separator as / or = $ echo "my mob number

e.g. 880392​23" | tr -cd

$ awk -F"=​|:" '{print $2}' [:digit:]

By rakesh zingade Not published yet. Sponsored by Readability-Score.com

Editor​/Text manipu​lation commands (cont) Network related commands (cont)

file.txt ports, os & other

10th line from a host

file $ sudo nmap -sS -A -

file.txt lsof, list open files by proces​ses netcat, debug and

b) find processes running on port 8080

a) find the IP from a) print all listening ports $ netcat <remote

fqdn $ netstat -plunt server ip> <po​rt>

$ nslookup google.com b) check if server is listening e.g.

b) check the fqdn on port 8080 or not $ netcat

from ip address $ netstat -plunt | grep 8080 192.16​8.5​6.120 8080

$ nslookup c) list stats of all ports (press EOF CNTR+D at

172.21​7.1​67.174 $ netstat -s end)

d) display pid of listening

By rakesh zingade Not published yet. Sponsored by Readability-Score.com

Network related commands (cont) sed - stream editor (cont)

b) add route to particular [a-z​0-9​A-z]: matches any ASCII chars

network e.g. ======​===​===​===​===​===​===​===​===​=======

$ sudo ufw Solution:

$ sed 's/TCP​/UDP/' networ​k.log > modifi​ed-​net​wor​k.log ------​---​---​---​---​---​---​---​---​-------

By rakesh zingade Not published yet. Sponsored by Readability-Score.com

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$ cat /etc/os-release <user name>

inode (with root): $ echo 3 > memory utilizations: group: clouduser1):

File the text string from a given directory:

User admin Commands (cont) Editor/Text manipulation commands (cont)

‘training’ to ‘cloudadmin’ clouduser1 to a) cut the line on space from a file

clouduser1 8873893" | cut -d " " -f lines in a file {nl}} $

Editor/Text manipulation commands change the delimiter space

$ awk b) sort based on column “[:lower:]” “[:upper:]”

'{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)if($i=="reach:")p number b) translate white spaces

echo ' aws <command> help ' | awk [:space:] ‘\t’

E.g. from df command interested in 88039223" | tr -d

e.g. 88039223" | tr -cd

$ awk -F"=|:" '{print $2}' [:digit:]

Editor/Text manipulation commands (cont) Network related commands (cont)

file.txt lsof, list open files by processes netcat, debug and

fqdn $ netstat -plunt server ip> <port>

from ip address $ netstat -plunt | grep 8080 192.168.56.120 8080

172.217.167.174 $ netstat -s end)

b) add route to particular [a-z0-9A-z]: matches any ASCII chars

network e.g. =====================================

$ sed 's/TCP/UDP/' network.log > modified-network.log -------------------------------------