CUTAY, RAWAN G.

9/22/2021

12-STEM B

I.

Apical Modification

1. Cilia and Flagella

2. Pseudopods
3. ECM (Extracellular Matrix)
4. Villi and Microvilli

Basal Modification

1. Hemidesmosome/s
2. Basal Lamina; (between cytoskeleton & ECM)
3. Keratin
4. Integrins
5. Cadherin

Lateral Modification

1. Tight Junction
2. Adhering Junction/Anchoring Junction
3. Gap Junction/Communicating Junction
4. Connexon, etc.

II.

Cell Modification is the process that happens after a cell division, modifying them as a preparation for
their functions. It will enable the cell to perform its special functions.

III.

Apical Modification- It is responsible for absorption, secretion, and locomotion. It is found in the apical
surface of the cell.

Basal Modification- It assists stable adhesion of basal cells to basal membrane. It also aids in tissue
organization.

Lateral Modification- It is a cell junction that provides intercellular connection between neighboring
cells or between the adjacent cell and ECM.

IV.

Cell Modification is the most important process to from a specialized cell. Specialized cells play
an important role in every organism, and this process catalyzes the cell to be formed as a specialized one
and to perform its particular duties. A cluster of specialized cells assemble to form a tissue, such as a
muscle. Tissues when grouped together, forms a larger functional unit that is called an organ. Without
the cell modification particles of cell would slowly diffuse down. Soon there would be no difference
between a cell and the other cells or there would be no life to exist with that cell after all.