HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Abstract

Hospital Management System is an organized computerized system designed and programmed

to deal with day to day operations and management of the hospital activities. The program can
look after inpatients, outpatients, records, database treatments, status illness, billings in the
pharmacy and labs. It also maintains hospital information such as ward id, doctors in charge and
department administering. The major problem for the patient nowadays to get report after
consultation , many hospital managing reports in their system but it's not available to the patient
when he / she is outside. In this project we are going to provide the extra facility to store the
report in the database and make available from anywhere in the world.
The Hospital Management System is designed for Any Hospital to replace their existing manual,
paper based system. This project targets to provide complete solution for Hospital and related
services.
Introduction:

The project Hospital Management system includes registration of patients, storing their details
into the system, and also computerized billing in the pharmacy, and labs. The software has the
facility to give a unique id for every patient and stores the details of every patient and the staff
automatically. It includes a search facility to know the current status of each room. User can
search availability of a doctor and the details of a patient using the id. The Hospital Management
System can be entered using a username and password. It is accessible either by an administrator
or receptionist. Only they can add data into the database. The data can be retrieved easily. The
interface is very user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data
processing very fast. Hospital Management System is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and is
designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals. Hospital Management
System is designed for multispecialty hospitals, to cover a wide range of hospital administration
and management processes. It is an integrated end-to-end Hospital Management System that
provides relevant information across the hospital to support effective decision making for patient
care, hospital administration and critical financial accounting, in a seamless flow. Hospital
Management System is a software product suite designed to improve the quality and
management of hospital management in the areas of clinical process analysis and activity-based
costing. Hospital Management System enables you to develop your organization and improve its
effectiveness and quality of work. Managing the key processes efficiently is critical to the
success of the hospital helps you manage your processes
• This software facilitates complete and smooth running of the reception.
• It manages all the bed allocation systems and the wards of the hospitals.
• It manages the laboratory and the equipments.
• It manages the treatments as well as the entire history of the patients
•This software manages the day to day scheduling of both the nurses and the doctors to various
departments and also allocates the schedules of their duties. • It also manages the timely and
proper accounting to make sure a proper and current billing.
• The hospital management software also maintains the proper tests of a number of patients as
well as keeps the records of all the medical reports.
SCENARIO
The software to be produced would be Hospital management system of IGMC hospital. This
product would make the hospital management system automated from manual system. It shall
reduce the redundancy, paperwork, maintenance of records.
Two major classes of individuals involved are
Administrators
Admin should be able to insert, modify or update the records. Work load and paper work of
maintaining the records in a file or folder manually. The overall goal of this would be:
• Reduce paper work
• Easy to update
• Maintain security

Problem Introduction:

Lack of immediate retrievals: -

The information is very difficult to retrieve and to find particular information like- E.g. - To
find out about the patient’s history, the user has to go through various registers. This results in in
convenience and wastage of time.
Lack of immediate information storage: -
The information generated by various transactions takes time and efforts to be stored at right
place.
Lack of prompt updating: -
Various changes to information like patient details or immunization details of child are difficult
to make as paper work is involved.
Error prone manual calculation: -
Manual calculations are error prone and take a lot of time this may result in incorrect
information. For example calculation of patient’s bill based on various treatments.
Preparation of accurate and prompt reports: -
This becomes a difficult task as information is difficult to collect from various register.

Goals
1-User friendly
2-Simple fast
3-Low cost and effective
4-It deals with the collection of patient’s information
5- Diagnosis

Objective:-
1) Define hospital
2) Recording information about the Patients that come.
3) Generating bills.
4) Recording information related to diagnosis given to Patients.
5) Keeping record of the Immunization provided to children/patients.
6) Keeping information about various diseases and medicines available to cure them.

These are the various jobs that need to be done in a Hospital by the operational staff and
Doctors. All these works are done on papers.

Scope of the Project:-

1. Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender.
Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly.
2. Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to Patient on a separate
sheet and at last they all are summed up.
3. Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which contains
Patient information. It is destroyed after some time period to decrease the paper load in
the office.
4. Immunization records of children are maintained in pre-formatted sheets, which are kept
in a file.
5. Information about various diseases is not kept as any document. Doctors themselves do
this job by remembering various medicines.

All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and lot of papers
are needed to be handled and taken care of. Doctors have to remember various medicines
available for diagnosis and sometimes miss better alternatives as they can’t remember them at
that time.

MODULES:
The entire project mainly consists of 7 modules, which are
1. Admin module
2. User module (patient)
3. Doctor module
4. Nurse module
5. Pharmacist module
6. Laboratorist module
7. Accountant module
DATA DECOMPOSITION: This section contains a description of each data element that is
shared between components, its storage, and its logical structure (but not its representation in a
programming language).

1. DATA SHARING: Data is shared between modules to keep each section of system well
informed and up to date. Patients can view their reports and bills.
2. DATA STORAGE: In order for system to function, it must have access to a database
such as MySQL, which contains information about system as well as users. The database
is constructed using relational model, which means that links can be made between
various tables, attributes of tables.
3. DATA ACCESS: Data can be accessed, updated, deleted by admin only while the
patients can view their medical reports and bills only. These functions can be performed
through menu options provided at frontend, at backend it could be performed by queries.

Use case diagram

USE OF AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

In Agile software development, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small
set of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the
complete system is implemented and ready to be deployed.
An iterative life cycle model does not attempt to start with a full specification of requirements.
Instead, development begins by specifying and implementing just part of the software, which is
then reviewed in order to identify further requirements. This process is then repeated, producing
a new version of the software at the end of each iteration of the model.

Iterative Model Design:

Iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a subset of the software requirements
and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the full system is implemented.
At each iteration, design modifications are made and new functional capabilities are added. The
basic idea behind this method is to develop a system through repeated cycles (iterative) and in
smaller portions at a time (incremental).
Following is the pictorial representation of Iterative and Incremental model:

The iterative model consists of five phases

1. Requirements: A requirement phase involves in collection of requirements that are

needed to develop the software for analyzing. Requirements phase goes on until the
 complete requirements are gathered and analyzed. Once the requirements are gathered for
the first phase. We move on to the next phase.
2. Design: In design phase, as per the gathered requirements the designing takes place in
order to give the best software product to the client. The design may include the previous
projects design or new projects design whichever is feasible for the software
development.
3. Implementation: In the implementation phase, where in the coding of the software takes
place as per the requirements and design done in step 1 and 2.
4. Testing: After implementing the software, the individual modules are combined together
to form an integrated software and testing phase starts from the scratch.
5. Review: In review process: the software developed is under evaluation, the available
current requirements are reviewed and changed if necessary . If any additions are made to
the current requirements they are taken to the next cycle implementation. After
completion of all the phases we can come to the conclusion that one complete cycle is
completed. Now we have to make a decision whether the developed software can be
taken to the next cycle or we need to start from the scratch as the developed software did
not meet the client expectation.
Then another cycle starts from the requirements phase to review phase this process is an iterative
process, the process ends when the complete software is developed as per the client satisfaction.
Each cycle can be taken as individual versions.
So, in a nutshell, in incremental model the whole requirement is divided into various builds.
During each iteration, the development module goes through the requirements, design,
implementation and testing phases. Each subsequent release of the module adds function to the
previous release. The process continues till the complete system is ready as per the requirement.

ADVANTAGES OF AGILE SYSTEM

The advantage of this model is that there is a working model of the system at a very early stage
of development which makes it easier to find functional or design flaws. Finding issues at an
early stage of development enables to take corrective measures in a limited budget.
Thus the advantages can be summarized as:
• Avoids the problems resulting in risk driven approach in the software • Understanding
increases through successive refinements.
• Performs cost-benefit analysis before enhancing software with capabilities. •
Incrementally grows in effective solution after every iteration • Does not involve high
complexity rate.
• Results are obtained early and periodically.
• Parallel development can be planned and progress can be measured.
CONCLUSION

The use of AGILE software development helped in more efficient design of the required
Hospital management system software in which the whole requirement is divided into various
builds. During each iteration, the development module goes through the requirements, design,
implementation and testing phases. Each subsequent release of the module adds function to the
previous release. The process continues till the complete system is ready as per the requirement.
Hospital management system is in itself a complete system, though it has a few limitations but it
has a lot of future scope and features that could be added to make it more widely acceptable. One
limitation is that our software is limited to small and medium scaled hospitals. One of the major
future scope is making our system online. Connecting the system of a particular hospital to a
common data centre will provide globalization to the hospital, and then the user will be able to
share the data across the branches.

This software is a database project with all the basic capabilities a database should have. This
application software is about student fee system and it records and maintains records about the
student fee.
In doing so, an appreciation of project management, communication and consultancy skills
should be acquired, along with a thorough understanding of the development of windows based
applications using Visual basic. I feel that all of these aims were achieved, some to greater extent
than others.

The designed HMS would be useful in following listed aspects

 Manage the huge size records related to the patient, healthcare professionals, and stock
 Need to connect each healthcare professional digitally
 Allow the patients to identify and book the doctors based on their needs
 Need of separate modules to carry the activities smartly
 Make consultations as simple as well as timely.
 Digitized mapping staff-levels with the patient needs to ensure high-quality treatment.
 Transform claiming insurance in a simple and speedy way.
 Needed platform for the one who operated multiple clinics in various locations.