Department of Environmental Sciences

Jahangirnagar University
Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
Syllabus for M.S. of Sessions 2018-19, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021

Detail Course Contents for

One Year M.S. Degree in Environmental Sciences

1
Course Title : Wastewater: Treatment and Engineering
Course Code : Env. 5301 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The surface water quality is deteriorated by indiscriminate disposal of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater
of various origin. Industries are often frequently ordered to follow stringent regulations to manage the wastewater. The
aim of this course is to develop a skilled manpower efficient in managing industrial needs.

Course Outline :
1. Treatment Plant Design and Maintenance: The planning process, Treatment costs, Plant setting, Construction
staging and process design, Mechanization, Instrumentation and Automation, Plant layout, Building design,
Example of design information, Other significant design features, Maintenance of treatment plant, Health and
safety issues of treatment plant.
2. Treatment Technologies for Industrial Wastewater:
a) Physical treatment technologies: Screening, Grit removal, Flocculation, Gravity separation theory, Primary
sedimentation, High rate clarification, Process application, Flotation, Design considerations for dissolved –
Air flotation systems.
b) Chemical Treatment Technologies: Role of chemicals unit processes in wastewater treatment, Application
of chemical unit processes, Fundamentals of Chemical coagulation, Chemical precipitation for improved plant
performance, Chemical precipitation for removal of heavy metals and dissolved inorganic substances,
Chemical oxidation, Applications, chemical oxidation of BOD and COD, Electrochemical wastewater
treatment, Chemical neutralization.
c) Biological Treatment Technologies: Overview of biological wastewater treatment, Objectives of biological
treatment, Microremediation technology and Phytoremediation Technology, Role of Microorganisms in
wastewater treatment, Types of biological processes for wastewater treatment, Suspended growth biological
treatment processes, Attached Growth and combined biological treatment Processes, Biological removal of
toxic and recalcitrant organic compound, Biological removal of heavy metals.
d) Advanced Treatment Technologies: Need for advanced treatment, Technologies used for advanced
treatment, Selection of filtration technology, Effluent filtration with chemical addition, Membrane filtration
Processes, Membrane process classification and configurations, Application of membrane electrodialysis,
Fundamentals of adsorption, Design of stripping towers, application, Ion exchange chemistry, Theory of
advanced oxidation technologies, applications and operational problems, Performance expectations of
distillation in reclamation applications.
3. Disinfection Processes: Regulatory requirements for wastewater disinfection, Disinfection theory, Methods and
mechanism of disinfectants, Disinfection with Chlorine, Ozone, Ultraviolet radiation, Disinfection systems,
Environmental impact of Disinfection systems, Comparison of alternative disinfection technologies, Advantages
and disadvantages.
4. Issues Related to Treatment Plant Performance: Upgrading wastewater treatment Plant performance, Process
optimization, Upgrading existing wastewater treatment facilities, Treatment process reliability and selection design
values, Development of input-and output data.
5. Operation of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) and case study of ETP/CETP and presentation.

Learning Outcomes :
The students will acquire necessary knowledge and skill on this very technical field of wastewater treatment and
engineering. They will be able to minimize the effluent treatment plant related operational problems and contribute in
the industrial sector of Bangladesh and around the globe as well.

Reading Materials :
1. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse (2014). Metcalf and Eddy, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited.
2. Water and Wastewater Engineering, Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment and Disposal (Volume 2)
Gordon M. Fair, John C. Geyen, Daniel A. okun, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.

2
Course Title : Climate Resilient Development
Course Code : Env. 5302 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The course will introduce resilience concept in environmental science and climate change study. Student will able to
demonstrate their skills in describing, analyzing, and utilizing climate resilient development activities.

Course Outline :
1. Concept of resilience and climate resilient development: Challenges and opportunities at the local level in building
resilience.
2. The use of the resilience concept: Community-based, ecosystem-based and sustainable adaptation linkage with
resilience.
3. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) and resilience: Adaptation and resilience; migration and resilience; adaptation-
mitigation- resilience linkages.
4. Science perspectives: Bridging gaps between science and society; applying climate science tools for policy and
planning (Case study: Bangladesh).
5. Adapting development organizations to adapt to climate change.

Learning Outcomes :
Student will understand the concept of resilience and its use in climate resilient development activities. Students can
also link different types of adaptations, migration and DRR with resilient development.

Reading Materials :
1. Huq, S., Chow, J., Fenton, A., Stott, C., Taub, J. and Wright, H. (2019). Confronting Climate Change in
Bangladesh: Policy Strategies for Adaptation and Resilience, The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—
Society—Science 28, Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05237-9_1
2. Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: natural hazards, people’s vulnerability, and
disasters, 2nd edition, Routledge.
3. Cannon, T & Muller-Mahn, (2010). ‘Vulnerability, resilience and development discourses in context of climate
change’ Natural Hazards, 55: 621-635.
4. Tanner, T. (2015). Livelihood resilience in the face of climate change. Nature Climate Change, 5 (1): 23-26.
5. Bahadur, A., Ibrahim, M. and Tanner, T. M. (2010). The Resilience Renaissance? Unpacking of resilience for
tackling climate change and disasters. Strengthening Climate Resilience Discussion Paper 1, Brighton, UK.
http://community.eldis.org/.59e0d267/resilience-renaissance.pdf
6. Fankhauser, S. and Schmidt-Traub, G. (2011). From adaptation to climate-resilient development: the costs of
climate-proofing the Millennium Development Goals in Africa. Climate and Development, 3(2): 94-113.
7. Schipper, L. and Pelling, M. (2006). ‘Disaster risk, climate change and international development: scope for, and
challenges to, integration’, Disasters, 30 (1): 19-38.
8. Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change 2011, Final Project Report. The Government Office for
Science, London. http://www.bis.gov.uk/foresight/our-work/projects/current-projects/global-migration/reports-
publications.
9. Agrawala, S. and Van Aalst, M. (2008). ‘Adapting development cooperation to adapt to climate change’, Climate
Policy 8: 183-193.

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Course Title : Water, Health and Sustainability
Course Code : Env. 5303 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
Aim of this module is to acquire an advanced understanding of the scientific processes relevant to impact of quantity
and quality of water on public health with special focus on sustainable development. It is a skills-based course that
will help student analyze complex environmental problems and use assessment methods to understand the
relationships among water use and public health and global sustainability, in support of a safe environment and a
healthy population.

Course Outline :
1. Sustainability in the context of water: Global water cycle, role of water on evolution and sustainability of life
on earth, assess the case for a global water crisis and its relation to sustainable development and climate changes,
expand their understanding of sustainability as a contestable concept and movement, analyze region-specific
examples of unsustainable use of water for agriculture and other purposes
2. Water quantity and quality: Water and improved sanitation, water quality deteriorations, arsenic pollution in
groundwater and possible health impacts and emerging contaminants, e.g. micro polymer, personal care product
and pharmaceutical residues in water, public health issues and sustainability. water pollution and health, toxic
chemical constituents: As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Fl,, other organic pollutants in water
3. Anthropogenic perturbations to river water: Carbon fluxes, seasonal variation of water quality index,
dissolved organic matter characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions in Asian river systems – concepts,
emerging trends, and research challenges, anthropogenic global warming: real or imagined?

4. Water and public health: concept and principles, water related disease burden, cross-cutting risk factors for
morbidity and mortality related to water, epidemiological approaches and methods (descriptive, analytical and
experimental), tools of measurements, health impact assessment (HIA) and DALYs.
5. Water, food security, climate changes and global sustainability: water shortage and agriculture, natural and
anthropogenic impact on water, impact of climate changes on water, public health and global sustainable
development.

Learning Outcomes :
After the successful completion of this course the student will be
• Able to tackle societally relevant topics, such as food and water quality and its relation to public health
• Able to explain how human activity is impacting the quality of water and hydrological cycle
• Able to predict how climate change will affect water quantity and quality in different locations with special
focus on Bangladesh
• Able to explain role of multiple disciplines, including hydrology, aquatic chemistry, soil science and climate
changes on global sustainability.

Reading Materials :
1. Megan Landon (2006), Environment, Health and Sustainable Development, 1st Ed, McGraw-Hill, USA
2. Park, Ji-H., Nayna, O. K., Begum, M. S., Chea, E., Hartmann, J., Keil, R.G., Kumar, S., Lu, X. Ran, L., Richey, J.
E., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Tareq, S. M., Xuan, D T. and Yu, R. (2018). ‘Reviews and syntheses: Anthropogenic
perturbations to carbon fluxes in Asian river systems: Concepts, emerging trends, and research challenges’,
Biogeoscience, 15(9): 3049-3069.
3. Tareq, S. M. (2015). ‘Arsenic and Fluorescence Humic Substance in Groundwater of Bangladesh: A Public Health
Risk, In Flora, S. J. S. (Ed), Handbook of Arsenic Toxicity, Elsevier Ltd. pp 73-93.

4
Course Title : Biological Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modelling and Design
Course Code : Env. 5304 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The course is designed for beginning wastewater treatment operators, testing lab training, and those interested in
microbiology in the environment.
• To underline the fundamental aim of sanitation and wastewater treatment.
• To present a brief overview of the development of wastewater treatment technologies and the main drivers
influencing their development.
• To introduce fundamental and basic principles on microbiology and microbial processes in order to get a
better understanding on the needs and functions of microorganisms involved in biological wastewater
treatment processes.

Course Outline :
1. Overview and Plan of Wastewater Treatment: Introduction to wastewater treatment and wastewater
characterization; activated sludge process; bulking sludge, foaming and attached microbial growth; Sludge
Microbiology; Anaerobic digestion of wastewater and biosolids; Biological aerosols from wastewater treatment
plants.
2. Microbial Metabolism: Fundamental and basic principles on microbiology and microbial processes; basic
knowledge of (i) stoichiometry and (ii) energetics and kinetics of the microbial growth processes as a basis to
understand the microbial transformations occurring during biological wastewater treatment processes.
3. Biotechnology in wastewater treatment: Pollution control biotechnology;
4. Organic and inorganic matter removal: Biological nitrogen removal; Enhanced biological phosphorus
removal; Pathogens removal;
5. Modelling Activated Sludge Processes: An overview about the main features, basics and advantages of
modelling activated sludge wastewater treatment systems; development of biokinetic models and about the
relevance and advantages of metabolic models when modelling activated sludge wastewater treatment systems.
6. Membrane Bio-reactors: Characteristics, advantages, operation and configurations of the membrane bio-reactor
systems; main design aspects of membrane bio-reactors; different commercial MBR technologies employed for
wastewater treatment;
7. Biofilm Reactors: Criteria for the design and operation of biofilm reactor systems; the most commonly applied
biofilm reactors and systems.
8. Modelling Biofilms: Design and assess the operation of a biofilm system for wastewater treatment based on the
conditions and factors affecting the microbial processes and interactions occurring within the biofilm.
9. Fate and Toxicity of Chemicals in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Different techniques for the detection of
inhibitory or toxic agents in biological wastewater treatment systems; fate of xenobiotics and toxic metals in
wastewater treatment plants; toxicity testing in wastewater treatment plants using microorganisms.
10. Microbiology and Public Health Aspects of Wastewater Effluents and Biosolids Disposal and Reuse: Public
health aspects of wastewater and biosolids disposal on land; public health aspects of wastewater and biosolids
disposal in the marine environment; wastewater reuse.

Learning Outcomes :
After the successful completion of this course the student will be able to:
• Describe the prime objective of wastewater treatment and sanitation and able to recognize the main drivers
influencing the development of wastewater treatment technologies.
• Critically determine and analyze quantity and quality characteristics of wastewaters as a basis for the design,
operation and control of wastewater treatment facilities.

Reading Materials :
1. Wastewater Microbiology (2005). Gabriel Bitton, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Publication.
2. Experimental Methods in Wastewater Treatment (2016). Van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., Nielsen, P. H., Vazquez, C.
M. L. and Brdjanovic, D. IWA Publishing.
3. Biological Wastewater Treatment- Principles, Modelling and Design (2008). Edited by Henze, M., Van
Loosdrecht, M. C. M., Ekama, G. A. and Brdjanovic, D. IWA Publishing.
4. Daims, H., Taylor, M. W. and Wagner, M. (2006). ‘Wastewater treatment: a model system for microbial ecology’.
Trends in Biotechnology, 24 (11): 483-489.
5. Handbook of water and wastewater microbiology (2003). Publisher: Academic Press.

5
Course Title : Climate Change, Policy and Negotiation
Course Code : Env. 5305 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
By studying this course, the graduates will have the opportunity to learn the basics of climate change policy and
negotiation, and emissions scenario which will help to understand the 2-degree limit and why it’s important. They will
gain knowledge about the most important human induced issues and the changes in energy mode like nuclear power,
electric vehicles, and other technologies input on global climate change from this course. This course will be helpful to
learn the process of global negotiations and agreements to regulate climate change are vital issues of mitigation of
climate change.

Course Outline :
1. The Basics of Climate Change Science: The earth’s energy balance, the greenhouse gases and feedbacks, the
relentless ride of CO2, drivers of climate change, and recent history of climate change.
2. The 2-Degree Limit: The business as usual trajectory, the consequences of the BAU trajectory, limiting the mean
surface temperature increase below 2-Degrees Celsius vs. Pre-Industrial levels, debates over the 2-Degree Celsius
limit.
3. The Deep Decarbonization of Energy Systems: Energy system, energy-related CO2 emissions trends, the 3
pillars of the Deep Decarbonization of energy systems, a global mitigation scenario.
4. The Key Technological Challenges of Deep Decarbonization: The Need for accelerated development of low-
carbon technologies, key technology areas, renewable energies, carbon capture & sequestration, advanced nuclear
power, electric vehicles and advanced biofuels, the role of technology roadmaps and roundtables.
5. Towards a New Climate Change Agreement: The challenge of human induced climate change, the history of
climate change science, The UNFCCC, from Kyoto to Copenhagen, COP21.
6. Main Challenges of Climate Change Negotiations: Efficiency & fairness, basic principles of a global agreement,
what is fair? Making an agreement stick, problem-solving versus negotiating.
7. Towards a New Climate Agreement Based on 2-Degrees Celsius: The Three-Tiered Structure of mitigation
commitments, technology RDD&D, climate financing, can everybody win? Should everybody win? achieving
large global goals
8. Case studies: Climate change, sea level rise and development in Bangladesh

Learning Outcomes :
1. A solid overview behind climate change will be provided from this course
2. Climate change graduates who want a concise an overview of the current issues shaping debate and action will be
find.
3. Sustainable development practitioners as well as private-sector actors, such as corporate sustainability and
responsibility groups and those who work in the technology or energy industries who need to understand key issues
and facts about climate change, including emissions targets and emerging regulations might be benefitted.

Reading Materials :
1. Climate Change Science and Policy (2009). Schneider, S. H., Rosencranz, A., Mastrandrea, M. D. and Kuntz-
Duriseti, K., Island Press. ISBN-10: 1597265675, ISBN-13: 978-1597265676
2. Kyoto2: How to Manage the Global Greenhouse (2008). Tickell, O., Zed Books.
3. How Bad Are Bananas?: The Carbon Footprint of Everything (2011). Berners-Lee, M., 1st Edition, Greystone
Books.
4. Global Warming-the hard science (2000). Danny Harvey, L.D., 1st Edition, Pearson Education Limited.
5. Climate Change, Sea Level Rise & Development in Bangladesh (2014). Brammer, H., the University Press
Limited.
6. Global warming of 1.5°C. IPCC (2018), Special Report. ISBN 978-92-9169-151-7

6
Course Title : Environmental Management Systems
Course Code : Env. 5306 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The course aims to enable students to assimilate the theory of organizational Environmental Management Systems, and
learn the skills of developing and managing such a system in different types of organizations.

Course Outline :
1. The Context of Environmental Management: overview of the state of the global environment, the earth’s natural
systems, sustainability and sustainable development; global approaches towards sustainability.
2. Recent Concepts of Corporate Environmental Management: product design for the environment; principles of
clean production, packaging, sustainable procurement, the social responsibility function of corporations, eco-
labelling, ecological and carbon footprints.
3. Life Cycle Assessment: Components of LCA, measuring environmental impact (life-cycle stages of product,
boundaries, functional unit, issues at each life-cycle stage, benefits of LCA), strategic framework for LCA and
LCA-a tool for sustainability (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044).
4. ISO 14000 Series: Background, the ISO 14000 series, business and standards, voluntary standards and ISO 14000;
ISO 14001 & elements of EMS-environmental policy, planning, implementation and operation checking &
correction action and management review.
5. Auditing: Scope and objectives, standards for auditing (ISO 19001; ISO 17011), registration, implementing the
audit, procedures, benefits, environmental auditing as a management tool-Case study.
6. Other Relevant Standards: ISO 9001, ISO 22000; ISO 27001; ISO 28000; ISO 45001; ISO 50001; SA 8000

Learning Outcome :
Having successfully completed this module, students will be able to demonstrate knowledge and skill on:
• The philosophy and theory behind environmental management systems
• Understanding of environmental management system standard and accreditation procedure
• Developing an environmental management system manual in line with the requirements of the international
standard of environmental management system and evaluate it.

Reading Materials :
1. ISO 14001 Environmental Systems Handbook, 2 nd Edition by Ken Whitelaw
2. Corporate Environmental Management: Systems and Strategies. Richard Welford (E), 2nd Edition, the European.
3. Industrial Safety, Health and Environmental Management Systems (2015). Jain, R.K. and Rao, S. S., Khanna
Publishers.
4. Environmental Management Strategies: The 21st Century Perspective. Gabriele Crognale (E), Prentice Hall,
Environmental Management Series, Vol 5.

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Course Title : Disaster Management
Course Code : Env. 5307 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
Bangladesh being a disaster-prone country, the purpose of this course is to familiarize students with different types of the disasters
that the country faces and the disaster management options practiced in the country. It provides a basic overview of the various
types of natural, human-induced and industrial hazards and their potential for causing disasters and general principles of disaster
risk management. Students will learn about the basic concepts of hazards, disasters and vulnerability. A risk management
perspective with a view towards disaster risk reduction and building resilience of communities and developing capacity of
institutions will be emphasized.

Course Outline :
1. Disaster Concepts, Regulatory and Institution Framework in Bangladesh: Terms and concepts used in disaster
management, Disaster risk situation in Bangladesh and global scenarios, Comprehensive disaster management
(CDM) approach, Cross cutting themes such as, Gender, Ethnic minorities, Globalization, global insecurities & its
linkages to disasters and food Security, Bangladesh Disaster management models and approaches, Regulatory
framework of Bangladesh DM system, Institutional Framework of Bangladesh DM system, Standing Orders on
Disasters and roles of DMC(s).
2. Disaster Risk Management and Sustainable Development: Methodologies for undertaking disaster risk
management and provide tools for understanding and assessing: Hazards and its classification, Community risk
assessment, vulnerability and institution profiling, Vulnerability factors, Coping capacities and mechanisms,
Community empowerment, Evolution of disaster risk management, Relation between disaster and sustainable
development, Climate change impact and livelihood adaptation to climate change.
3. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: Framework for prevention and mitigation, Structural and non-structural
mitigation, Hazards prevented by structural mitigation, Risk treatment and application of insurance, Community
based disaster management, Institutional and legal mechanisms for risk reduction, Advocacy and role of public
awareness, National prevention & mitigation strategies preparation.
4. Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response: Preparedness planning and contingency planning key
preparedness considerations: Vulnerability assessment, Coordination aspect, Organization/Institutional
Frameworks, Information system, Response mechanism, Resource Base, Public education and training, Early
warning systems, Rehearsal/drills, Community preparedness.
5. Disaster Response: Key steps for emergency response, Warning information/message dissemination, warning
signals in Bangladesh, Evacuation and evacuation equipments, Search and rescue of vulnerable communities,
Transitional shelter and shelter management, Public critical services restoration, Damage, loss and needs
assessment, Other sectoral support during emergencies e.g. food, health, Nutrition, water & sanitation, and
education, Working with the media and information management, Resource management, The emergency
coordination centre and role of incident manager.
6. Disaster, Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction: Concepts and principles early recovery, Concepts of
development relief, Build back better, Stakeholder, community involvement and participation, Recovery
interventions.
7. Disaster Management Plan and Implementation Aspect: Preparation of disaster management plan, Relief
management, coordination and distribution through DMC, Accountability in disaster management projects,
Monitoring of risk reduction interventions and evaluation, Development and implementation of sectoral / personal
action plans.
8. Case Studies: Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response, Disaster
Response, Disaster, Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.

Learning Outcome :
Successful completion of this course, the student will get knowledge on disaster and disaster management aspects of Bangladesh.
Nations will get skilled manpower in this sector.

Reading Materials :
1. GOB (1999). Standing orders on Disaster, Min of DM & RDMB, Dhaka.
2. Disaster management; a disaster manager’s handbook (1999). Carter, W. N., ADB, Manila, Philippines.
3. Training Manual on Disaster Management in Bangladesh (2009). Department of Environmental Sciences,
Jahangirnagar University.

8
 4. National Disaster Management Plan (2010). Ministry of Food and Disaster Management.
5. Disaster in Bangladesh (2001). Nizamuddin, K. (ed), DRTMC.
6. Industry and Pollution Related Issues (1994). Reazuddin, M. in Rahman, A.A. et al (eds).
7. Environment and Development in Bangladesh (1993). Vol. 2. Dhaka, UPL. Rahman, M.S.
8. Disaster Management Handbook for Bangladesh, Parts I-IV. Dhaka, BDPC and PACT.

Course Title : Marine Meta-Community, Bioinvasion and Blue Economy

Course Code : Env. 5308 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
This course is offered to understand about marine meta-community, biological invasion and blue economy.
• To understand dynamicity of marine meta-communities.
• To assess marine biological invasion and propagule pressure on successful invasion.
• To introduce fundamental knowledge on blue economy.

Course Outline :
1. Marine Meta-Communities; Processes influencing pattern in marine meta-communities; Natural disturbance and
the dynamics of marine benthic communities; Ecology and evolution of marine consumer-prey interactions;
Larval ecology of marine communities, Supply-side ecology; Habitat modification and facilitation in benthic
marine communities.
2. Human alterations of marine communities, Conservation and management of marine meta-communities, Ecology
of marine protected areas.
3. Concept of marine metapopulation and community ecology based on bioinvasion, basic patterns and processes.
4. Marine Bioinvasion: Phases of marine bioinvasions; Invasion dynamics: Early phase of marine bioinvasions,
Identification of marine bioinvasion, lag time. Factors affecting invasion success, Biotic resistance in marine
invasion, Predation driven biotic resistance, Effects of competition for invasion success, Recruitment vs. post-
recruitment processes as determinants of population abundance.
5. Role of propagule pressure, species richness and spatial resources in invasion success. Range expansion of
invasive species, native range, pattern and processes.
6. Interactions between invasive and native species, Impacts of invader on native biodiversity. Biological control of
invasive species.
7. Marine Bioinvasions: Worldwide, Impacts of marine invasion on global and national scales. Invaded harbours,
Biofouling and its effects, Intra-regional spread of invasive species; International conferences on marine
bioinvasions.
8. Blue economy development framework- Components of blue economy, growing the blue economy to combat
poverty and accelerate prosperity; Maritime policy and blue growth- sustainable growth from the oceans, seas,
and coasts; Blue economy for Bangladesh.

Learning Outcome :
After the successful completion of this course the student will be able to:
• Describe marine meta-communities and the factors influencing their successful establishment.
• Describe direct and indirect effects of successful marine biological invasion.
• Brief about blue economy.

Reading Materials :
1. Marine Community Ecology (2001). Bertness, M.D., Gaines, S.D. and Hay, M.E., Sinauer Associates, Inc,
Sunderland, USA.
2. Community Ecology (1999). Morin, P.J., Blackwell Science, Inc., USA.
3. Available published journals from seminar library of Dept. of Environmental Sciences, JU

9
Course Title : Wetland Ecology and Management
Course Code : Env. 5309 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
• Introduction of applied fresh water and estuarine wetlands.
• Introduce the function and values of wetland in the world wide.
• Practice on wetland conservation.
• Study on wetland Management.

Course Outline :
1. Introduction: Definition of wetland, Ecology of wetland, Characters of wetland, Climate of wetland.
2. Wetland Classification: General Classification, System of Classification, Satellite system of classification.
3. Hydrology of Wetland: Study on hydrological process, Human impact on hydrological regime, restoring wetland,
Monitoring of wetland, Treatment of wetland.
4. Values of Wetland: Valuation methods of wetland, Framework for wetland valuation, Steps of the wetland
valuation.
5. Management of Wetland: Framework for managing wetland, Ecological characters of wetland, develop a
managing planning process, Design a monitoring programme, Wetland Risk Assessment Programme.
6. Wetland Policies: Setting the scene for wetland policy, develop a national wetland policy, Organizing the policy
document, Implementing the policy.
7. Wetland Biota: Assessment of wetland biodiversity (Case study), Assessment of Ecosystem on the wetland (case
study), Uses limitation of wetland.

Learning Outcome :
This course will help the graduate students to understand the basics of wetland hydrology, flora, fauna and their function
in the environment as well as wetland management, conservation and uses.

Reading Materials :
1. Ramsar handbooks for the wise use of wetlands (2010), 4th edition.
2. Ramsar Technical Report No. 3, CBD Technical Series No. 27- De Groot, Stuip, Finlayson, and Davidson.
3. Ramsar Handbooks, 4th edition,National Wetland Policies. Rubec, C., Nathai-Gyan, N., Mafabi, P., Pritchard, D.
and Phillips, B.
4. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of Wetland, Version 1.0, Editor: BrijGopal.
5. Wetland management planning, Published by Department of Environment and Conservation, Australia.
6. Treatment of wetland. 2nd Edition, Kadlec, R. H. and Wallace, S.D.

10
Course Title : Radioisotopes in Environmental Research
Course Code : Env. 5310 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
Radioisotopes are currently used in wider ranges of research fields, from industrial level to medical sciences. The
application of radioisotopes in environmental research is in growing trend, especially in tracing of contaminants in
living and non-living systems. This course intends to familiarize students on the modes of detection of principal
radioisotopes in different matrices and their implications in research and analysis.

Course Outline :
1. Radiocarbon: Principal radioisotopes in environmental research, radiocarbon dating model and case studies,
13 14
C/ C cycles, Libby radiocarbon ages, precision and accuracy of radiocarbon dating, sample preparation and
treatment, applications of radiocarbon dating in quaternary science and artifacts.
2. Radioisotopes and Geochronology: Modes of radioactive decay (positron emission, K-electron capture, beta
decay), activity-concentration relationship, radiocarbon-decay equilibrium, isotope evolution, calculation of delta
values (δ18O/δ15N/δ13C/δ11B/δ6Li), radioisotopes in geochronology.
3. Radioisotope Fractionation: Equilibrium fractionation, factors effecting isotope fractionation, Rayleigh
distillation of isotopes, mass balance equation of isotopes, isotopic effects of evaporation, radioisotope tracers.
4. Natural Occurring Radionuclides: Uranium series, actinium series, thorium series, and neptunium series and
their implications, biological effects of radiation, environmental dosimetry.
5. Radioisotopes in Forensic Sciences: Applications of radioisotopes in explosives and narcotics, radiological
weapons, teletherapy, industrial radiography, applications of radioisotopes as forensic analysis.
6. Techniques of Isotope Detection: Alpha and gamma spectroscopies, X-ray technique, liquid scintillation counting
(LSC), radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA), acceleration mass spectrometry (AMS), gas
chromatography stable isotope mass spectrometry (GCIR MS).

Learning Outcome :
After a successful completion of the course, it is expected that one would be familiar with major radioisotopes currently
use in environmental research and forensic analysis, their implications in natural science, ultra-trace detection of
radioisotopes in environmental samples.

Reading Materials :
1. Groundwater Geochemistry and Isotopes (2015). Clark, I., CRC Press, New York.
2. Profrock et al. (2012). Applied Spectroscopy, 66(8): 843.
3. Hellborg and Skog (2008). Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 27, 398.
4. Budzikiewicz and Grigsby (2006). Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 25, 146.

11
Course Title : Advanced Phytoremediation
Course Code : Env. 5311 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The course is designed for students to get a clear view and good comprehension about the phytoremediation process.
The aim of this course is therefor to inform and develop skilled students about phytoremediation technologies in
different phenomena along with the biological mechanisms involved in the processes. It will further enrich their
knowledge about the biological pollutant uptake, accumulation and transformation.

Course Outline :
1. Introductions, course overview, Plant anatomy and physiology recap, Introduction to Phytoremediation
2. Phytoremediation strategies: phytoextraction, phytostabilization, etc.
3. Phytoremediation of inorganics: Types of inorganic pollutants (heavy metals, metalloids, nitrate etc, radionuclides,
cations vs. anions), Plant uptake, translocation mechanisms for inorganics
4. Plant accumulation, biotransformation, tolerance mechanisms for inorganics
5. Genetic engineering of plant trace element metabolism.
6. Phytoremediation of organics: Types of organic pollutants, Mechanisms involved in plant uptake, translocation,
degradation of organics
7. The microbiology factor, soil factor in phytoremediation, Plant/microbe/soil interactions and their relevance for
phytoremediation.
8. Recent advancement of phytoremediation

Learning Outcome :
The students will obtain the basic insights into plant-microbe interactions involved in phytoremediation, the effects of
soil properties and environmental conditions as well as the risk assessment involved in it. At the end of the course the
students will be able to design a phytoremediation plan for a given site.

Reading Materials :
1. Methods in Biotechnology: Phytoremediation: methods and reviews. Neil, W.; Humana Press.
2. Recent Advances towards Improved Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Pollution. Leung, D.W.M.; Bentham
Books.
3. Phytoremediation and Stress: Evaluation of Heavy Metal induced Stress in Plants. Kadukova, J. and Kavulicova,
J.; Botanical Research and Practices.

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Course Title : Occupational Health and Environmental Safety
Course Code : Env. 5312 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
Occupational Health and Environmental Safety management is a practical tool as well as a legal procedure for
compliances which businesses and government agencies are increasingly required to follow in their operations. The
course is a formalized approach to address environmental health and safety challenges in the industries. The objective
of this course is, therefore, to train the students in managing an occupational health and environmental safety
management practices in the industrial context.

Course Outline :
1. Introduction: Need for integration of safety, health and environment; Fundamentals of safety; overview of
industrial safety management; role of top management and Government in safety management, Legal aspects of
safety. Industrial safety analysis, locating and defining injury sources, causes of injury, sources of data, safety
analysis techniques, fault tree calculations, risk tolerability.
2. Chemical Safety Management in the Industries: Hazard labelling and standards Purpose , scope and
application of GHS, Classification of hazardous substances and mixtures according to GHS, Labelling (Hazard
communication), Understanding and interpretation of Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Classification, Labelling and
Packaging (CLP) of Chemicals Regulations 2015.
3. Mitigation and Control of Chemical Hazards in the Industry: Storage and handling, chemical suits & PPE;
Containment, decontamination and mitigation procedures using chemical spill kit; Chemical spill exercises and
practices. Different compliances such as COSHH, ZDHC etc. Exposure and quantitative risk analysis.
4. Structural and Fire Safety Management in the Industry: Steps of industrial safety management, Electrical
safety; Mechanical Hazards; Chemical Hazards; Building design and Fire protection; Safety in Hazardous area,
safety in power plants; Safety in transportation and automotive equipment’s; Scopes of Accord alliance, Scopes
of ISO 45001:2018; training, awareness and competence, Consultation and communication, Documentation,
Operational control, Emergency preparedness and response,
5. Social Assessment in the Industry: Social security inside the industries: SA 8000, Insurance, child labour,
maternity etc. Bangladesh Labor law 2006 (amended 2018), Bangladesh labour rules 2015,

Learning outcome :
After completion of this course, the student shall be able to:
1. To be able to evaluate hazards, including environmental pollution/health hazards, and show how the assimilation
and application of knowledge can be used to generate possible options for controlling risks in an industrial
environment.
2. To be able to demonstrate the complexity of the interaction of the determinants of health, and how the use of
evidence-based practice and reflective practice supports an effective approach.
3. Clear understanding of the importance of partnerships, planning and organizing, professional conduct and business
awareness via project management and soft skills training.

Reading Materials :
1. Industrial safety management: Hazard identification and risk control (2013). Deshmukh, L. M., McGraw Hill India.
Reprint.
2. Manuals of ISO 45001, SA 8000, COSHH, ZDHC etc,
3. A Guide to The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and how it
relates to the sound management of chemicals. UN 2011.
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev04/English/ST-SG-AC10-30-Rev4e.pdf
4. Bangladesh labour law (2006) (amended 2018) and Labour rules (2015).
5. Published articles from reputed journals.

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Course Title : Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition
Course Code : Env. 5313 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The impact of excessive human activities on the atmospheric environment is of much public concern, and economic
and technical solutions needed for sustainable environment require reliable observations. Satellite-based techniques
(data are publicly available) now provide essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales,
and have been considered as promising tools for alternative ways of assessing ambient air pollution and greenhouse
gas emissions estimation particularly in places where surface-based measurements are unavailable or very limited (e.g.,
Bangladesh).

Course Outline :
1. Introduction: Atmospheric remote sensing from space; The atmosphere, tropospheric chemistry and air pollution;
Measuring atmospheric composition; Spectroscopic technique for chemical analysis; Remote sensing
spectroscopy; Satellite orbits.
2. UV, Visible and Near IR Radiation to Determine Trace Gases in the Atmosphere: Basics and historical
background; Spectral retrieval technique (basic); separation of tropospheric and stratospheric signals; uncertainties
in UV/vis/NIR space measurements.
3. Thermal Infrared Absorption and Emissions to Measure Trace Gases in the Atmosphere: Basic principles;
thermal infrared instruments – techniques, history and specificity; thermal infrared – missions and products.
4. Microwave Absorption, Emissions and Scattering for Trace Gases and Meteorological Parameters:
Atmospheric remote sensing in the microwave range; remote sensing of clouds and precipitation; applications of
microwave data in operational meteorology.
5. Retrieval of Aerosol Properties: Aerosol retrieval algorithms (basic); aerosol optical parameters; instrumentation
of aerosol properties from space; aerosol remote sensing from Aqua/MODIS; aerosol properties from OMI; using
AOD to monitor PM2.5; application and uncertainties.
6. Validation of Satellite Measurements of Tropospheric Trace Gases: Methods of validation; quality assurance;
validation characteristics of tropospheric products; application of corrective observation for validation.
7. Application of Satellite Observations of Tropospheric Composition: Overview of the tropospheric chemical
species measured from space (tropospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide); the need for satellite observations (some scientific highlights);use of satellite data for atmospheric
process understanding and model evaluation; inversion modelling (basic); application of satellite data for inversion
modeling; perspective for the improvement of instrument technology; future monitoring of the troposphere from
space.

Learning Outcome :
1. Space-based remote sensing technique for analyzing several tropospheric trace gases,
2. Application of satellite remote sensing data for air quality assessment, and
3. Emission estimation of greenhouse gases particularly methane using satellite remote sensing data.
Reading Materials :
1. Burrows, J. P., Platt, U., and Borrell, P. (Eds.): The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from space, 536
pp., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heiderlberg., ISBN (:978-3-642-14790-6, doi: 101007/978-3-642-14791-3.2011.
2. Martin, R.V. (2008). ‘Satellite remote sensing of surface air quality’. Atmospheric Environment, 42(34): 7823-
7843.
3. Hoff, R.M. and Christopher, S.A. (2009). ‘Remote Sensing of Particulate Pollution from Space: Have We Reached
the Promised Land?’. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59 (6): 645-675.
4. Streets, D.G., et al., (2013). ‘Emissions estimation from satellite retrievals: A review of current capability’.
Atmospheric Environment, 77: 1011-1042.
5. Duncan, B. N., et al., (2014). ‘Satellite data of atmospheric pollution for U.S. air quality applications: Examples
of applications, summary of data end-user resources, answers to FAQs, and common mistakes to avoid’.
Atmospheric Environment, 94: 647-662.
6. Jacob, R.J., et al., (2016). ‘Satellite observations of atmospheric methane and their value for quantifying methane’.
Atmos. Chem phys., 16: 14371-14396.
7. McLinden, C.A., et al., (2016). ‘Space-based detection of missing sulfur dioxide sources of global air pollution’.
Nature Geoscience, 9: 496-500.
8. Levelt, P.F., et al., (2018). ‘The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space’. Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 18: 5699-5745.

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Course Title : Climate Reconstruction and Biomarker Geochemistry
Course Code : Env. 5314 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
Paleoclimatology is the study of climate prior to the period of instrumental measurements. Instrumental records covers
only a tiny fraction of the Earth's climatic history and so provide a totally inadequate perspective on climatic variation
and the evolution of climate today. Hence, our overarching objective is to study the historical record of different paleo-
climatic proxies to understand how Earth’s climate system operates. Paleo-climatic data provide the basis for
reconstructing climates of the past and for testing hypotheses about the causes of climatic change. When the causes of
past climatic fluctuations are understood, forecasts of climatic variations in the future will be on firmer ground.

Course Outline :
1. Climate and Climatic Variation: The nature of climate and climatic variation; the climate system; feedback
mechanisms; timescales of climate variation; Different climatic (i.e. Solar, orbital and volcanic) forcings.
2. Study of Major Events in Earth’s Climate History: Origin of the atmosphere, Neoproterozoic ice age,
Cretaceous and Cenozoic warmth, and the Pleistocene ice ages.
3. Processes relevant for understanding how climate/environmental change is recorded in the different paleoclimate
archives.
4. Different Geologic Archives to Study Past Climates: ice cores, lake and marine sediments, pollen analysis,
dendroclimatology.
5. Geochronology of the Paleoclimate Archives: Radioisotope (Radiocarbon dating, potassium argon dating,
Uranium series dating) and biological dating methods.
6. Biomarker proxies to interpret environmental parameters, i.e. terrestrial and sea-surface temperatures, greenhouse
gases, C3/C4 plant distribution, wetland extent, biomass burning frequency, fossil fuel combustion, aerosols and
use these proxies to answer questions about past climatic and environmental changes.
7. Analytical Techniques Used in Paleoclimatic Reconstruction from Climate Proxies: Techniques for molecular
organic geochemical extraction and quantification of biomarkers using GC-FID, GC-MS; GC-IRMS for isotope
analysis.
8. An introduction to the role of numerical models in studies of paleoclimate.

Learning Outcome :
Upon completing the course, the students will have:
• Comprehensive understanding of climate variations on various time scales and their mechanisms, as well as
various approaches to paleo-climate reconstructions.
• Interpretation of past climate conditions by studying the biomarkers in different paleo-climatic archives.
• The methodology of organic geochemistry in paleoclimate studies.

Reading Materials :
1. Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary (2015). 3rd Edition, Raymond S. B., Elsevier, DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-18310-1.
2. Published articles from reputed journals.

15
Course Title : Global Emerging Issues and Public Health
Course Code : Env. 5315 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
• To understand emerging global environmental problems in relation to human health outcome.
• To develop up to date knowledge base on adverse health outcome in stressed environment.
• To introduce recent findings on environmental diseases.

Course Outline :
1. Transboundary air pollution and human diseases; Introduction to transboundary air pollutants, PAHs and health
implications, PCBs and disease manifestations, Dioxins and diseases.
2. Emerging water pollution and related diseases crosstalk;recent introduction of water pollutants such as
nanomaterials, micro and nano plastics, MOFs, toxic metals, organics etc. Their distribution and sources. Global
health perspectives due to those pollutants.
3. Modern electronic appliances and human health; Smart phones, micro waves oven, long wave radiations such as
radio wave, blue light exposures and health complications.
4. Drugs residues in environmental systems and human health risks;Occurrence, sources and exposures of residual
antibiotics, drugs, and pesticidesas global health threats; Case studies in developed and developing countries.
5. Extreme climatic events as an emerging threat for human beings; such as heat waves and human diseases,
prolonged flood and vector of diseases etc.
6. Zoonosis and global climate for manipulating infectious human diseases; how does zoonosis control play role in
the global health. Is there a relationship between the disease outbreak and global climate?

Learning Outcome :
After completion of the course students will be able to know the etiological relationship between environmental factors
and human health. Furthermore, this learning will be useful in their personal, social and professional life.
Reading Materials :
1. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (2017). Park, K.; 24th edition, Banarasidas Bhanot Publishers.
2. The Built Environment and Public Health (2011). Lopez, R. P.; 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons.
3. Climate Change, Indoor Environment and Health (2011). National Academies Press.
4. Contents are based on majorly from publications in Q1 journals after 2015 and Reports from global organizations
such as WHO, UNICEF, ATSDR, EPA, and recently published books.

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Course Title : Bioremediation of Environmental Pollutants
Course Code : Env. 5316 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The proposed Bioremediation of Environmental Pollutants course will help to introduce the bioremediation concepts
pertinent to remediation of soil and aquifer, and describe how systems can be successfully engineered to
support/promote bioremediation with an emphasis on restoration of natural processes.

Course Outline :
1. Introduction: Bioremediation, terminologies, bioprocesses, prospects and problems.
2. Approaches to Bioremediation: Environmental modification for bioremediation; microbial seeding and
bioengineering approaches to the bioremediation of pollutants; production of microbial seeds; Enhancing
biodegradation: optimizing biocatalysis; Use of bioaugmentation in waste treatment; Use of enzymes and
immobilized microbial cells; Role of bacterial consortia in bioremediation. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria
(PGP), effectiveness of PGP rhizobacteria in phytoremediation.
3. Bioremediation Approaches for Organic Pollutants: Removal of substituent groups and ring opening in model
molecules, choloroorganics; organic dyes; Biodegradation of PAHs, nitroaromatics, phenols and petroleum
hydrocarbons, volatile pollutants; Enrichment and isolation of degradative microbes: recent approaches to enrich
and isolate microbes having catabolic properties; Biodegradation of pesticides; Biological control of insects and
pests; Xenobiotic chemicals in the environment; biodegradable, persistent and recalcitrant wastes; structure-
recalcitrance relationship, ring cleavage-Ortho and para cleavage; factors affecting microorganisms to degrade
xenobiotics; Biotechnological aspects for effluent treatment: genetic manipulation, enzyme and specialized
bacteria
4. Microbial Transformation of Heavy Metals: Toxic heavy metals in the environment, bioremediation methods,
microbes in metal-containing habitats, metal and microbe interaction, microbes with metal tolerance, general
mechanism of metal resistance, microbial immobilization and transformation of metals, genetic aspects of heavy
metal resistance, biosorption of metals, future perspectives.
5. Toxicity and Biodegradability Testing in Wastewater: Impacts of toxicity on wastewater treatment; heavy
metals; organic toxicants; enzymatic assays and microbial bioassays; Monitoring of the bioremediation of
xenobiotic pollutants; Biosensor: use and application of biosensor for detection of pollutants; Recent advances in
biochemical, serological and molecular techniques for the detection of indicators and pathogenic microorganisms
in surface, ground and potable waters.
6. Landfill Biodegradation Process and Leachate: Biological treatment of leachates; Composting; Aerobic and
anaerobic digestions.
7. Bioreactor Technologies: Bioreactor approaches for pollution control, bioreactor for restoration on contaminated
soil, aquifer, controlling air pollution, bioreactor for wastewater treatment, future prospects.

Learning Outcome :
After the successful completion of this course the student will be able to:
• Describe the principles of various physical and chemical bioremediation technologies and relate selection of
these technologies to the properties of contaminants.
• Determine what is needed for site characterization, explain the relevance to selection of
appropriate bioremediation strategies.
• Determine when bioremediation is an appropriate technology and its advantages and limitations.

Reading Materials :
1. Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications (1998). Atlas, R. M., Bartha, R., Atlas, D.; Benjamin/Cummings.
2. Waste Bioremediation (2018). Varjani, S., Gnansounou, E., Gurunathan, B., Pant, D., Zakaria, Z.A. (Eds.)
3. Wastewater Microbiology (2005). Bitton, G.; 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Publication.
4. Environmental Microbiology (2015). Pepper, I. L., Gerba, C. P. and Gentry, T. J.; Academic Press.
5. Manual of Environmental Microbiology (2007). Hurst, C. J.; 3rd edition, ASM Press.

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Course Title : Water Resource and Flood Risk Management
Course Code : Env. 5317 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The objectives of this course are-
The main objective of this course is to make students enable to determine the flood risk of Bangladesh through various
methods and find out flood risk management strategies. Additionally, they will learn about the existing flood risk
management policies of the country.

Course Outline :
1. Surface water and groundwater resource of Bangladesh, Water resource management; context, challenges and
strategies.
2. Transboundary rivers of Bangladesh, Transboundary river conflicts, Water policies in transboundary water
sharing
3. Flood probability, Storm hydrographs and unit hydrographs in analyzing the probability and return period of
hydrological events, Climate change and flood risk.
4. Source-Pathway-Receptor model, Use of SPR model for flood risk management.
5. Design floods, Estimation of peak flows using Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH) methods.
6. Flood impact in urban and rural areas, Depth/damage relationships, Cost-benefit evaluation.
7. Engineered solutions, Flood routing and flood alleviation: channel & reservoir routing. Flood banks, channel
improvements, diversion schemes, flood storage on-stream and off-stream.
8. Land management and runoff control. Agricultural land management, Planning control, Sustainable urban
drainage systems (SuDS).
9. Roles and responsibilities of government and non-government organizations for flood defense in Bangladesh,
Flood risk management policy in Bangladesh.

Learning outcome :
On successful completion of this study the student should be able to-
• Select the appropriate method to determine the likelihood of a flow of a given magnitude for catchments with
some historical data
• Evaluate the impacts of alternative channel designs for flood alleviation
• Understand the technical and non-technical approaches to flood risk management at the catchment scale
• Understand the current policy for water and flood risk management in Bangladesh

Reading Materials :
1. Integrated Flood Management, Case Study, Bangladesh: Flood Management (2003). World Meteorological
Organization.
2. Managing Urban Runoff – Drainage Handbook (2013). 1st Edition, PUB, The National Water Agency.
3. Potential Use of Runoff Attenuation Features in Small Rural Catchments for Flood Mitigation (2013). NFM RAF
Report.
4. Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management (2007). Nadene Rehnby (Ed.), 2nd Edition.

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Course Title : Natural Resource Economics
Course Code : Env. 5318 Credit : 3

Aims/Objectives :
The main objective of this course is to make students enable to acquire necessary knowledge and skill to understand
the importance of the sustainable uses of natural resources for human welfare.

Course Outline :
1. An introductory understanding of historical and current conservation policy of natural resources, the
economics and ethics regarding conservation practices, and ecology principles needed to make sound
decisions of natural resource uses.
2. Economic and environmental interactions, sustainability: origin and concepts
3. Environmental externality, environmental public goods and common property resources and environmental
policy instruments
4. Resource Economics: Basic concepts and solving allocation problems, environmental valuation
5. Natural resources management: aquatic resources: fisheries and blue economy, land, forest ecology, wildlife
management, minerals and energy, impact of climate changes on natural resources.

Learning Outcomes :
By the end of the module students will be able to:
1. To discuss and analyse the role the natural resources in supporting human welfare
2. To analyse environmental problems from an economic perspective
3. To develop analytical skills of one particular issue in environmental economics
4. To utilise simple dynamic optimisation methods into a natural resources exploitation context

Reading Materials :
David A. Anderson (2012), Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Management, 4th Ed New York, USA
E. Gunilla Almered Olsson, Pernille Gooch, (2019) Natural Resource Conflicts and Sustainable Development, 1 st Ed,
CRC press.

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