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AN INTERNATIONAL CODE
QUALIFICATION
STANDARD FOR
WELDING AND
BRAZING PROCEDURES,
WELDERS, BRAZERS,
AND WELDING AND
BRAZING OPERATORS
2000 Addenda
July 1, 2000
Q090W0
There is a change in the way the Addenda to the 1998 Edition of the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code are distributed. The 1998 Edition, published July 1, 1998, incorpo-
rates the 1998 Addenda revisions, additions, or deletions. There will be no separate 1998
Addenda issued in a replacement page format. Two additional Addenda to the 1998
Edition, in the form of replacement pages, will be issued on July 1, 1999 and July 1, 2000.
The Summary of Changes published with the 1998 Edition lists and describes the revisions
that are part of the 1998 Addenda. These changes are identified with a margin note, 98,
denoting the affected area.
The Addenda for 1999 and 2000 will also have a Summary of Changes and identifiers
printed on the replacement pages. The revisions, additions, or deletions will be incorporated
directly into the affected pages. It is advisable to retain the title sheets and all replaced
pages for reference.
The effective dates for Code Editions and Addenda are described in the Foreword.
Copyright © 2000 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The
Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned
interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment
which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned
in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable
Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of
any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or
industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedures and policies
which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers.
The footnotes in this document are part of this American National Standard.
The above ASME symbols are registered in the U.S. Patent Office.
“ASME” is the trademark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Copyright © 1998 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
ADDENDA
Colored-sheet Addenda, which include additions and revisions to individual Sections of the Code, are
published annually and will be sent automatically to purchasers of the applicable Sections up to the
publication of the 2001 Code. The 1998 Code is available only in the loose-leaf format; accordingly,
the Addenda will be issued in the loose-leaf, replacement-page format.
INTERPRETATIONS
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of the Code.
The Interpretations for each individual Section will be published separately and will be included as
part of the update service to that Section. They will be issued semiannually (July and December) up
to the publication of the 2001 Code. Interpretations of Section III, Divisions 1 and 2, will be included
with the update service to Subsection NCA.
CODE CASES
The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets regularly to consider proposed additions and revisions
to the Code and to formulate Cases to clarify the intent of existing requirements or provide, when the
need is urgent, rules for materials or constructions not covered by existing Code rules. Those Cases
which have been adopted will appear in the appropriate 1998 Code Cases book: (1) Boilers and Pressure
Vessels and (2) Nuclear Components. Supplements will be sent automatically to the purchasers of the
Code Cases books up to the publication of the 2001 Code.
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Statements of Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
PART QW — WELDING
v A99
PART QB — BRAZING
A00 vi
APPENDICES
vii A99
A00
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers set components constructed to the requirements of the
up a committee in 1911 for the purpose of formulating Code. However, designers and engineers using computer
standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and programs for design or analysis are cautioned that they
other pressure vessels. This committee is now called are responsible for all technical assumptions inherent
the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee. in the programs they use and they are responsible for
The Committee’s function is to establish rules of the application of these programs to their design.
safety governing the design, fabrication, and inspection The Code does not fully address tolerances. When
during construction of boilers and pressure vessels, and dimensions, sizes, or other parameters are not specified
to interpret these rules when questions arise regarding with tolerances, the values of these parameters are
their intent. In formulating the rules, the Committee considered nominal and allowable tolerances or local
considers the needs of users, manufacturers, and inspec- variances may be considered acceptable when based
tors of pressure vessels. The objective of the rules is on engineering judgment and standard practices as
to afford reasonably certain protection of life and determined by the designer.
property and to provide a margin for deterioration in The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee deals
service so as to give a reasonably long, safe period with the care and inspection of boilers and pressure
of usefulness. Advancements in design and material vessels in service only to the extent of providing
and the evidence of experience have been recognized. suggested rules of good practice as an aid to owners
This Code contains mandatory requirements, specific and their inspectors.
prohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construc- The rules established by the Committee are not to
tion1 activities. The Code does not address all aspects be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endors-
of these activities and those aspects which are not ing any proprietary or specific design or as limiting
specifically addressed should not be considered prohib- in any way the manufacturer’s freedom to choose any
ited. The Code is not a handbook and cannot replace method of design or any form of construction that
education, experience, and the use of engineering judg- conforms to the Code rules.
ment. The phrase engineering judgment refers to techni- The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets
cal judgments made by knowledgeable designers experi- regularly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules
enced in the application of the Code. Engineering as dictated by technological development, Code Cases,
judgments must be consistent with Code philosophy and requests for interpretations. Only the Boiler and
and such judgments must never be used to overrule Pressure Vessel Committee has the authority to provide
mandatory requirements or specific prohibitions of official interpretations of this Code. Requests for revi-
the Code. sions, new rules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall
The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques be addressed to the Secretary in writing and shall give
used for design and analysis change as technology full particulars in order to receive consideration and
progresses and expects engineers to use good judgment action (see Mandatory Appendix covering preparation
in the application of these tools. The designer is respon- of technical inquiries). Proposed revisions to the Code
sible for complying with Code rules and demonstrating resulting from inquiries will be presented to the Main
compliance with Code equations when such equations Committee for appropriate action. The action of the
are mandatory. The Code neither requires nor prohibits Main Committee becomes effective only after confirma-
the use of computers for the design or analysis of tion by letter ballot of the Committee and approval by
ASME.
1 Construction,
Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the
as used in this Foreword, is an all-inclusive term
comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, Committee are submitted to the American National
testing, certification, and pressure relief. Standards Institute and published in Mechanical Engi-
ix
xi
ASME has established procedures to authorize quali- “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, or activity
fied organizations to perform various activities in ac- and there shall be no statements or implications which
cordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler might so indicate. An organization holding a Code
and Pressure Vessel Code. It is the aim of the Society Symbol and /or a Certificate of Authorization may state
to provide recognition of organizations so authorized. in advertising literature that items, constructions, or
An organization holding authorization to perform vari- activities “are built (produced or performed) or activities
ous activities in accordance with the requirements of conducted in accordance with the requirements of the
the Code may state this capability in its advertising ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,” or “meet
literature. the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Organizations that are authorized to use Code Symbols Vessel Code.”
for marking items or constructions which have been con- The ASME Symbol shall be used only for stamping
structed and inspected in compliance with the ASME and nameplates as specifically provided in the Code.
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certificates of However, facsimiles may be used for the purpose of
Authorization. It is the aim of the Society to maintain the fostering the use of such construction. Such usage may
standing of the Code Symbols for the benefit of the users, be by an association or a society, or by a holder of a Code
the enforcement jurisdictions, and the holders of the sym- Symbol who may also use the facsimile in advertising to
bols who comply with all requirements. show that clearly specified items will carry the symbol.
Based on these objectives, the following policy has General usage is permitted only when all of a manufactur-
been established on the usage in advertising of facsimiles er’s items are constructed under the rules.
of the symbols, Certificates of Authorization, and refer- The ASME logo, which is the cloverleaf with the
ence to Code construction. The American Society of letters ASME within, shall not be used by any organiza-
Mechanical Engineers does not “approve,” “certify,” tion other than ASME.
STATEMENT OF POLICY
ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING
TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS
The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable
rules for the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, and requirements of the Code.
nuclear components. This includes requirements for mate- Items shall not be described on ASME Data Report
rials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, and Forms nor on similar forms referring to ASME which
stamping. Items constructed in accordance with all of the tend to imply that all Code requirements have been
applicable rules of the Code are identified with the official met when, in fact, they have not been. Data Report
Code Symbol Stamp described in the governing Section of Forms covering items not fully complying with ASME
the Code. requirements should not refer to ASME or they should
Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or clearly identify all exceptions to the ASME require-
any other marking including “ASME” or the various ments.
Code Symbols shall not be used on any item which is
xiii
DELETED
xv, xvi
xvii
xviii
xix
xx
xxi
Special Working Group on Heat Transfer Equipment (SC VIII) Subgroup on Performance Qualification (SC IX)
xxii
Subgroup on Evaluation Standards (SC XI) Working Group on Liquid-Metal Reactor Covers
(SG-LMCS) (SC XI)
W. H. Bamford, Jr., Chair S. Ranganath
W. L. Chase, Chair R. Hundal
J. M. Bloom P. C. Riccardella
S. Hattori
R. C. Cipolla D. A. Scarth
R. M. Gamble W. L. Server
T. J. Griesbach C. A. Tomes Subgroup on Nondestructive Examination (SC XI)
K. Hasegawa A. W. Van Der Sluys
P. J. Hijeck K. R. Wichman C. D. Cowfer, Chair M. R. Hum
D. N. Hopkins G. M. Wilkowski D. C. Adamonis D. Lamond
K. Iida K. K. Yoon B. Bevins G. A. Lofthus
Y. Imamura S. Yukawa F. T. Carr M. C. Modes
J. G. Merkle C. B. Cheezem C. R. Osman
W. T. Clayton F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
F. J. Dodd J. C. Spanner, Jr.
Working Group on Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (SC XI) T. N. Epps III C. J. Wirtz
D. O. Henry
R. C. Cipolla, Chair J. G. Merkle
G. H. De Boo, Secretary J. S. Panesar
W. H. Bamford, Jr. S. Ranganath Working Group on Personnel Qualification and Surface,
M. Basol D. A. Scarth Visual, and Eddy Current Examination (SG-NDE) (SC XI)
J. M. Bloom T. S. Schurman
C. J. Wirtz, Secretary R. D. McGuire
E. Friedman W. L. Server
B. L. Curtis M. F. Sherwin
T. J. Griesbach F. A. Simonen
D. O. Henry D. Spake
F. D. Hayes K. R. Wichman
H. E. Houserman J. C. Spanner, Jr.
D. N. Hopkins G. M. Wilkowski
J. J. McArdle III D. S. Whitcomb
K. Iida K. K. Yoon
Y. Imamura S. Yukawa
M. Kupinski A. Zahoor Working Group on Pressure Testing (SG-NDE) (SC XI)
H. S. Mehta V. A. Zilberstein
F. J. Schaaf, Jr., Chair J. M. Boughman
D. Lamond, Secretary T. R. Bugelholl
Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (SG-ES) (SC XI) T. M. Anselmi R. J. Cimoch
T. B. Basso W. N. Keisler
T. J. Griesbach, Chair H. S. Mehta
W. H. Bamford, Jr. J. S. Panesar
H. Behnke W. E. Pennell Working Group on Procedure Qualification
B. A. Bishop S. Ranganath and Volumetric Examination (SG-NDE) (SC XI)
W. F. Brady S. T. Rosinski F. T. Carr, Chair S. R. Doctor
E. Friedman W. L. Server C. D. Cowfer, Chair F. J. Dodd
S. R. Gosselin E. A. Siegel C. E. Larsen, Secretary T. N. Epps III
E. M. Hackett F. A. Simonen D. C. Adamonis B. Kellerhall
P. J. Hijeck T. D. Spry F. L. Becker G. A. Lofthus
M. Kupinski G. L. Stevens N. R. Bentley M. C. Modes
S. D. Leshnoff K. K. Yoon B. Bevins M. Saporito
P. Manbeck S. Yukawa C. B. Cheezem S. M. Walker
W. T. Clayton
Working Group on Pipe Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (SC XI)
Subgroup on Repairs, Replacements, and Modifications (SC XI)
D. A. Scarth, Chair K. Hasegawa
G. M. Wilkowski, Secretary D. N. Hopkins W. C. Holston, Chair R. D. Kerr
W. H. Bamford, Jr. K. Iida D. E. Waskey, Secretary D. F. Landers
R. C. Cipolla H. S. Mehta R. W. Boyce R. S. Lewis
N. G. Cofie J. S. Panesar M. N. Bressler M. S. McDonald
S. K. Daftuar K. K. Yoon R. E. Cantrell R. R. Stevenson
G. H. De Boo S. Yukawa R. E. Gimple R. W. Swayne
E. Friedman A. Zahoor C. E. Hartz R. E. Tome
L. F. Goyette V. A. Zilberstein R. A. Hermann R. A. Yonekawa
xxiii
Subgroup on Water-Cooled Systems (SC XI) Special Working Group on Plant Life Extension (SC XI)
xxiv
xxv
xxvi
The following is a brief introduction to the 1998 by other Sections of the Code. The notch-toughness
Edition of Section IX and cannot be considered as a variables do not apply unless referenced by the construc-
substitute for the actual review of appropriate sections tion codes.
of the document. However, this introduction is intended In Welder or Brazer /Brazing Operator Performance
to give the reader a better understanding of the purpose Qualification, the basic criterion is to determine the
and organizaton of Section IX. ability to deposit sound weld metal, or to make a
Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel sound braze. In Welding Operator Performance Qualifi-
Code relates to the qualification of welders, welding cation, the basic criterion is to determine the mechanical
operators, brazers, and brazing operators, and the proce- ability of the welding operator to operate the equipment.
dures employed in welding or brazing in accordance In developing the present Section IX, each welding
with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and process and brazing process that was included was
the ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping. As such, reviewed with regard to those items (called variables)
this is an active document subject to constant review, which have an affect upon the welding or brazing
interpretation, and improvement to recognize new devel- operations as applied to procedure or performance
opments and research data. Section IX is a document criteria.
referenced for qualification by various construction The user of Section IX should be aware of how
codes such as Section I, III, IV, VIII, etc. These Section IX is organized. It is divided into two parts:
particular construction codes apply to specific types of welding and brazing. Each part is then divided into
fabrication and may impose additional welding require- four articles. These articles deal with the following:
ments or exemptions to Section IX qualifications. Quali- (a) general requirements (Article I Welding and Arti-
fication in accordance with Section IX is not a guarantee cle XI Brazing)
that procedures and performance qualifications will be (b) procedure qualifications (Article II Welding and
acceptable to a particular construction code. Article XII Brazing)
Section IX establishes the basic criteria for welding (c) performance qualifications (Article III Welding
and brazing which are observed in the preparation of and Article XIII Brazing)
welding and brazing requirements that affect procedure (d) data (Article IV Welding and Article XIV
and performance. It is important that the user of the Brazing)
1998 Edition of Section IX understand the basic criteria These articles contain general references and guides
in reviewing the requirements which have been estab- that apply to procedure and performance qualifications
lished. such as positions, type and purpose of various mechani-
The purpose of the Welding Procedure Specification cal tests, acceptance criteria, and the applicability of
(WPS) and Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is to Section IX, which was in the Preamble of the 1980
determine that the weldment proposed for construction is Section IX (the Preamble has been deleted). The general
capable of having the required properties for its intended requirement articles reference the data articles for spe-
application. It is presupposed that the welder or welding cifics of the testing equipment and removal of the
operator performing the welding procedure qualification mechanical test specimens.
test is a skilled workman. This also applies to the
Brazing Procedure Specifications (BPS) and the brazer PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONS
and brazing operator qualifications. The procedure quali- Each process that has been evaluated by Section IX
fication test is to establish the properties of the weldment is listed separately with the essential and nonessential
or brazement and not the skill of the personnel per- variables as they apply to that particular process. In
forming the welding or brazing. In addition, special general, the Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS)
consideration is given when notch toughness is required and the Brazing Procedure Specifications (BPS) are to
xxvii
xxviii