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Media and Information Literacy

Quarter 1 Module 1 - 4

Nehemia Acosta Dulay

Teacher
The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge
Proverbs 1:7
 MEDIA LITERACY (Part 1)
Definition, Importance, Fundamental
Elements, and Critical Thinking

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Learners will be able to…

•define media literacy (SSHS);

•discuss and value the importance of media literacy (SSHS);

•explain the fundamental elements of media literacy (SSHS);

•value the importance of critical thinking in media literacy (SSHS); and

•apply critical thinking by identifying fallacies in arguments (SSHS).

I - INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA LITERACY

I- Media Literacy

A. Definition and Importance

B. Fundamental Elements of Media Literacy

C. Critical Thinking

1. Definition

2. Importance in Media Literacy

3. Fallacies of Thinking

Warm Up! (Pre Test) Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to
evaluate it.

A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy

C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

2. The medium of communication that requires face to face interaction using one’s voice
as the tool to deliver the message.

A. Digital/ Interactive Communication B. Conversation

C. Public Speaking D. Digital Art

3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT:

A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Printer D. Smartphones

4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication?

A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones

5. An information literate person should first understand the situation or problem to figure
out the what specific type of information he or she needed.
 A. True B. False
C. Maybe D. Neither True or False

6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news.

A. Communication B. Public Speaking

C. Media D. Information Sources

7. Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-package information contained

in product packaging are example of what medium of communication?

A. Visual Art B. Physical Medium

C. Digital/ Interactive D. Documents/ Letters

8. This refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and

their intended audience.

A. Communication B. Public Speaking

C. Media D. Information Sources

9. This is considered the oldest form of Media

A. Print B. Visual Art

C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive

10. It is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly,
appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.

A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy

C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

Investigate the following controversial events that became viral in the Philippines.

CONTROVERSIAL AND VIRAL

The Naked Truth“, Bench Philippines fashion show in 2014

• What issue was raised againstthis event?

Sexist
• Result: Bench made a public apology on Facebook,CocoMartin issued a public apologythrough an official statement
 HM Philippines, cover of March Issue, 2012

• Uploaded on FHM official Facebook page on Feb. 25, 2012

What issue was raised against this cover photo?

Racist

• Result:FHM recalls 'racist' cover of March issue and

apologized, Bella Padilla apologized on Twitter

Introduction to Media and

Information Literacy

In this fast-paced, technology-driven time, we are bombarded with various information

here and there, in the convenience of a click, right in the comforts of our very own homes. Being
Senior High School students, you are expected to be literate, not just in terms of numbers and
letters, but to be able to fully grasp up to what extent information may be used and distributed.
But first, we need to take a close look at the ways by which we use, and eventually
distribute information. Hence, we will look into communication and its medium. Take a look at
the picture below

https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

The picture above depicts how each individual communicate at different levels, at different forms. Each one of us has a personal
concept of communication. Communication is broadly defined as the imparting and exchanging of information or news (Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication on October 31, 2018).

In order to communicate, we use different medium of communication to carry out the message we want to convey. There are various
outlets that we can use in order to deliver our message. Few of the examples are listed below.

Table 1. Examples of Communication Medium.

Communication Medium How it Works

Conversation Person to person interaction using one’s voice as the tool
to deliver a message.
Public Speaking One to many interaction using one’s voice as the tool to
deliver the message to a large number of people, at any
given time.
Documents/Letters/Mails Written messages in whatever form, usually on paper and
print.
 Visual Art Messages rendered in the form of paintings, drawings,
photography, videos, images, and the like, that conveys
specific emotion, idea or thought.
Physical Medium physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters,
inpackage information contained in product packaging,
and
the like.
Digital/Interactive Digital and electronic means to convey messages such as
website or computer application, primarily by the use of
internet

How about you, can you add more to the list?

With the concept of communication defined above, how then can media affect
communication? But, before we discuss further on that, we will contextualize media, as it is
used in your daily lives and routine as students.

Table 2. Different Kinds of Media Used Daily

Media Used
Activity 1: Different kinds of media 1. Cellular Mobile Phone
With communicating, we make use 2.
of different channels so as to convey and/or 3.
exchange information. Imagine a typical day
4.
in your life as a Senior High School Student.
5.
Identify and list down ten (10) different kinds
of media that you use in order to communicate 6.
information. The first one is done for you. 7.
8.
9.
10.
As you may have written from the list above, Media is commonly synonymous with technology. So, what
is Media anyway? Media refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and their intended
audience. Television, radio, newspapers and the internet are different types of Media. One of the oldest forms of media is
print. Thanks to the ever changing technology, our exposure to media is almost nonstop. Media shapes our perceptions of
what is real. It surrounds us in the forms of billboards, signage, and even the clothes you wear. We have radio, television,
computers, and smartphones. We have the internet, online video channels, and all sorts of social media. So stop and look
around, media is everywhere, and it’s not going away anytime soon. Learn about it, understand it, so that you may be
media-smart. (YouTube Channel Media Smarts retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw)
Simply put, media are the things or gadgets that we use in order to convey the details of the
information that we want to impart or communicate to people, and the society in general. Example, if you want to notify
your classmate of a meeting organized by a club you joined, how will you go about communicating the information? Will
you send text messages through your cellular phone? Or maybe send a private message through social media? Or write it
down on a paper, and hang it on visible places around the campus? Whichever way, you must use a medium to
communicate the information. Hence, communication and media are directly interrelated, such that media serves as a
platform by which one can meaningfully express and communicate oneself.

Furthermore, a specific media (thing/ gadget) can either be a Source of Information, a Medium of
Communication, or both. A media is considered a source of information if the use of the media provides knowledge and
information about something, while a media used as a channel to convey information is considered a medium of
communication. A media can also be simultaneously used both as a source and a medium of information. To give you
more of this concept, you may answer the activity below.

Activity 2: Identification of the Uses of Media From the list that you have identified from Activity 1, identify the use of the
specific media listed if it is (A) Source of Information, (B) Medium of Communication, or (C) Both. The first one is done for
you.
 Table 3. Identification of Media and its Use

Media Used Use of Media

1. Cellular Mobile Phone
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

From the example done for you, a Cellular Mobile Phone with simple call and text features is an example of
a medium of communication, because it allows you to communicate and reach out to others. However, Smart Phones
which are types of mobile phones having the multi-purpose features of communication, multimedia functionality, wireless
communication like Bluetooth and wi-fi, is an example of both a source of information and a medium of communication.
Needless to say, a smart phone can be used as a medium to communicate to other people from across the globe, and if
loaded with cellular data, can surf the internet hence, a potential source of information.

Now that we have discussed the interrelationship of media and communication, we will examine the
different concepts that will be used in this subject. We will build your definition on the following key concepts, as
referenced from the Teaching Guide of Media and Information Literacy formulated by the CHED in collaboration with the
Philippine Normal University:

A. Literacy- The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written
materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to
achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and wider society.

B. Media- The physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication through physical objects such as
radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object used to communicate messages.

C. Media Literacy- The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower
citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and
new technologies.
D. Information- A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals
or symbols.

E. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively
communicate information in its various formats.

F. Technology (Digital) Literacy-The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly,
appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate,
evaluate, create and communicate information.

G. Media and Information Literacy-The essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to engage with media
and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and
become active citizens.
 Activity 3: Case Analysis
With the concept given above, let us now test your comprehension. Answer the activity
That follows.

Given below are situations that depict a specific literacy that an individual exhibits.
Identify if it is Media Literacy, Information Literacy, Technology (Digital) Literacy, or Media and
Information Literacy. The first one is done for you.
Situation Literacy

Table 4. Case Analysis on different literacies

Situation Literacy
Ashley, a Grade 11 student of Gintong Tubig Senior High
School is proficient in using her i7 processor laptop with so much
ease and comfort. In fact, she is accustomed to use it to create Technology (Digital)
powerful PowerPoint presentations during graded class Literacy
reporting
In order to add related literature to his Practical Research
project, Donnie accesses Google Scholar, and reads through
various journals and studies that may help him in his research
One of the Performance Task for the Midterms of the Grade 12
Jenner class of Mabuhay Senior High School is to create a short
film highlighting their advocacy on Human Trafficking.
The class used the Quik ™ app to edit their video
The Grade 12- Patience class of Ms. Apolonio have registered
themselves to an online portal called Edmodo, in order to
connect themselves periodically, share assignments, and even
Collaboratively work on a project, without meeting face to face.
Sybil constantly purchases load credits for her mobile phone in
order to send emails and messages to her teacher in Media and
Information Literacy.
As part of the various social media activities of David, a Grade
12 HUMSS student, he periodically shares news bits from
credible online sources, then tag his friends who may be
interested with the information.
Mr. Dingal requires his Grade 11 students to prepare PowerPoint
Presentation or other presentation tools when doing graded
class reporting.
In order to convey his stand on various social issues
involving his peers, Marla uses her Twitter and Facebook
accounts to air her sentiments and opinions
 From the example given above, Ashley exemplified literacy in the use of technology, specifically the use of her i7
processor laptop. The i7 processor laptop is a form of technology, so the answer is Technology (Digital) Technology.

Now that you have concretely conceptualized the similarities and differences of the literacies enumerated above, we
will now integrate the value of being literate in media and information to your life as a Senior High School student.

Part of integrating values to your learning towards becoming a literate in media and information is an inventory of your
media habit, lifestyle and preferences. This means that you will assess your personal schedule and list down your common online
activities and quantify it as to the number of hours you have spent engaged for the specific activity.
The table below shows an example of a common response.

Table 5. Example of a Weekly Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences

Media or Information Provider Number of hours in a week

(168 hours/ week)
YouTube 3 Hours
Facebook 12 Hours
Television/Radio 20 Hours
Books 10 Hours
Others: pep.ph.google.com 10 Hours
TOTAL NUMBERS OF HOURS 55 Hours

Activity 4: Inventory of Media Habit, Lifestyle and Preferences

Now, do your own personal inventory. Write it down in the table below, with reference to the example from the table given above

Table 6. Weekly Online Activities Log

Weekly Online Activities Log

Media or Information Provider Number of hours in a week
(168 hours/ week)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK

Activity 5: Synthesizing Your Learning

Answer the following questions based on your learning. Be brief and concise.

1. From your own point of view, make a list that describes a person who is literate in media and information. Write down at least five (5)
characteristics.
a.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

b.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

c.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

d.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

e.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

2. Of the list that you have enumerated in your Weekly Online Activities Log, which media provider did you spend the most time? And
what role does this media provider play in your life as a SHS student?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

3. Looking at the total number of hours you have spent on online activities per week, do you think the figure is essential for you’re to be
able to be media and information literate individual?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Post Test Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to
evaluate it.

A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy

C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

2. The medium of communication that requires face to face interaction using one’s voice
as the tool to deliver the message.

A. Digital/ Interactive Communication B. Conversation

C. Public Speaking D. Digital Art

3. The following are possible sources of information, EXCEPT:

A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Printer D. Smartphones

4. Which of the following is an example of technology used as a medium of communication?

A. Newspaper B. Television
C. Laptop computers D. Smartphones

5. An information literate person should first understand the situation or problem to figure
out the what specific type of information he or she needed.

A. True B. False
C. Maybe D. Neither True or False

6. It is defined as the as the imparting and exchanging of information or news.

A. Communication B. Public Speaking

C. Media D. Information Sources

7. Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in-package information contained

in product packaging are example of what medium of communication?

A. Visual Art B. Physical Medium

C. Digital/ Interactive D. Documents/ Letters

8. This refers to various channels of communication between a person or persons and

their intended audience.

A. Communication B. Public Speaking

C. Media D. Information Sources

9. This is considered the oldest form of Media

A. Print B. Visual Art

C. Physical Medium D. Digital/ Interactive

10. It is the ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly,
appropriately, and effectively use technological tools.
 A. Media Literacy B. Information Literacy
C. Technology Literacy D. All of the Above

Reference:

Janis Karklins, foreword to Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers
Paris: UNESCO, 2011, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000192971

“Effective Communication”, accessed last January 2, 2019, https://huddle.

eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/lessons-learnt-effective-communication/

“What is Media Anyway?” YouTube Channel MediaSmarts, accessed last January 3,

2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBP_kswrtrw

“Word Cloud Generator”, accessed January 14, 2020, https://bigcrunch.io/v/

nAEdNnc7nssE4Xi77EhSJg
Wilson, C. et.al., “UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers”,
ISBN 978-92-3-104198-3, 2011

Teaching Guide for SHS: Media and Information Literacy, CHED in collaboration with the
PNU Quezon City: 2016, electronic version. https://www.academia.edu/39154647/
Teaching_Guide_for_Senior_High_School_MEDIA_AND_INFORMATION_

LITERACY_CORE_SUBJECT
“About Us”, accessed last August 9, 2019, https://adobochronicles.com/about/
“Think Before You Click: List of Pinoy fake news sites”, accessed last July 12, 2019,
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/hashtag/content/382094/think-before-youclick-list-of-pinoy-fake-news-sites/story