THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE LEVEL OF

MORPHOLOGY

A. Morphological Process
In English there are two kinds of morphological process, such as affixation
and replacement. In Indonesian, there are also two kinds of morphological
process, such as affixation and reduplication.
1. Morphological process in English.
In English there are two kinds of morphological process, such as affixation
and replacement. Only prefixes and suffixes exist in English. Suffixes are
more dominat.
- Inflectional suffixes : - s, -ed, -ing, -er,-est.
- Derivational suffix : - ment, -ion,- ness, - ist,- etc
- Prefix : en-, be-, re-, co-, etc.

Replacement occur in nouns, verbs, and adjectives. It carries the same function as
that of the inflections.

Stimulus stimuli

Datum data

Criterion criteria

Go went gone

Grow grew grown

Etc...

2. Morphological process in Indonesian

In Indonesian there are two kind of morphological process, such as affixation
and reduplication. All the affixes are derivational. Such as :
- Prefixes : me-, ber-, ter-, di-, se-.
- Suffixes : -i, -an, - kan

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 - Infixes : -el-, -em-,- er-, - in-
- Combination : me+ kan , pe + an ,
di + pe-i, diper – i

Reduplication is an important device in English to show plurality which in English shown

by the plural suffixes. In English only nouns can be pluralized. But, in indonesia, not only
nouns, but laso addjectives and verbs can be reduplicated to show the plurality.

Example :

- Her houses are big. ( rumah – rumahnya besar ) Noun

( rumahnya besar –besar ) The adj
- He comes here many times. ( dia datang-datang ke sini ) verb

In Indonesian there are a number words which are originallt reduplicated :

- Kupu – kupu ( a butterfly )

- Kura – kura ( a turtle )
- Mata – mata ( a spy )

Both in English and Indonesian, affixation is very important for enrichment of

vocabulary. English has more derivational affixes, but each can go only with certain
words and it is fixed.

Trans- : transfer, transit, transmit, etc.

Co- : cooperation, coordinate, copartner, etc.

-ment : development, enjoyment, etc.

In Indonesian, on the other hand, the number of affixes is limited, but each can go with a
great number of different stems, which belong to different parts of speech.

Me- ( verb ) : menari, menyanyi, menabur, etc.

Me- ( noun ): meratap, menangis, menggali, etc.

Etc.

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B. Part of Speech
Both in English and Indonesian, part of speech are of four kinds : nouns, verbs,
adjectives and adverbs. In English, morphological process occures in all these
parts of speech. For example, nouns can be given the plural suffix –s, verbs : the
suffix –s, ed, adjectives : -er, -est, adverb : -ly. In Indonesian, there is no
morphological process in adjectives and adverbs. Free morphemes are used to
express the meaning implied by the bound morphemes – er, - est, - ly. Affixation
is dominant in nouns and verbs in Indonesian.

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