PRACTICAL REFERENCING

A BOOK BY ONE AUTHOR

Indirect referencing:
In-text: Moyo (2010) asserts that…
Direct referencing:
Moyo (2010, 5) asserts that “…”
End-text referencing:
Moyo, M. (2010) Communication Skills, Gweru: Mambo Press.
 
A BOOK BY TWO AUTHORS

In-text:
Indirect:
Moyo and Dube (2005) says that…
Direct:
Moyo and Dube (2005, 50) says that“…”
End text: Moyo, M. and Dube, S. (2005)
Communication Skills, Gweru: Mambo Press.
A BOOK BY THREE OR MORE AUTHORS

Indirect: According to Moyo, Dube and Nyoni (1995 ….

Direct: According to Moyo, Dube and Nyoni (1995:75) “…”

In the subsequent quotations the authors would be cited as,

Moyo et al (1995).
et al. means and others

End-text: Moyo, M., Dube, S. and Nyoni, T. (1995) Communication

Skills, Gweru: Mambo Press.
EDITED BOOK
In-text: Indirect: As evidenced in Dube (1990)…
Direct :Dube (1990, 105) asserts that “…”

End-text: Dube, L. (1990) (ed) Communication Skills, Gweru: Mambo Press.

CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

In-text: Moyo (2015) is of the view that…

Moyo (2015, 70) “…”

End-text: Moyo, M. (2015) “Reading” in S. M. Dube, Communication Skills,

Gweru: Mambo Press.
NO-DATE ARTICLE
In-text: Moyo (n.d) …
Moyo (n.d, 100) “…”

End-text: Moyo, M. (n.d) Communication Skills, Gweru: Mambo Press.

UNKNOWN AUTHOR
In-text: According to College Bound Series (2010) …
According to College Bound Series, (2010, 80) “…”

End-text: Anon (2010) College Bound Series, Gweru: Mambo Press.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
In-text: Huni (2016) asserts that …
Huni (2016, 4) “…”
End-text: Huni, M. (2016) “ZANU PF Manifesto”, The Herald, 21/06/16, pg
5.
The News Reporter (2016) “ZANU PF Manifesto”, The Herald 21/06/16, pg 5.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
In-text: As asserted by Hove (2015) …
As asserted by Hove (2015, 4) “…”

End-text: Hove, B. (2015) “Reading”,In Communication Skills Journal, Vol 6,

Issue No. 5, pp 10-15 6(5) 10-15
ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE
End text :
Hove, B. (2015) “Reading”, In Communication Skills Journal, 6(5)10-15,
http://www.msu.ok.zw (accessed 28/08/16).

ONLINE ARTICLE
End text
Hover, B. (2010) “Reading”, http://www.com accessed 20/01/16.

INTERVIEW
End text
Brown, G. (2008) Interview, In Today’s Programme, Radio, BBC Radio 4, 18/05/08
08:10hrs.
VIDEO/ FILM BROADCAST
1. Neria (1990) Film, Directed by Godwin Mawuru, Zimbabwe: Pakare Paye.
2. Mungoshi, D. (1998) Videotape error diagnosis, ZBCEdunet insight profile.

TV/RADIO BROADCAST
Dyslexic Children (1990), TV Channel 4, 29/07, 19:00hrs.

CONFERENCE PAPERS
Gibson, E. J. (1977) “The performance concept in building”, In Proceedings of the 7th
Triennal Congress, Edinburgh(Place of Conference), September 1977, London:
Construction Research International, 129-136.
PUBLISHED REPORTS
Zimbabwe (1990) Report of the commission of inquiry into poverty (The Mangwaya
Commission), Harare: Government Printers.

THESIS
Mugomba, M. (2010) Sociolinguistics ,(Unpublished PHD Thesis), Department of
Education, Midlands State University.
 Mendely
THE END