IS : 9307 ( Parts I to VIII ) - 1979

( Reaffirmed 1996 )

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION

(First Reprint JANUARY 1998 )

UDC 624.011.1 : 674 - 419.33 : 620.1

0 Copyright 1980

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 8 January 1980
 1s : 9307 ( Parts I to VIII ) - 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION

Wood Products Sectional Committee, BDC 20

Chairman
SHRI A. C. SEKHALR,
‘ Srikalpam ‘, Lawsons Bay,
Pedawaltair P. O.,
Vishakhapatnam 530017
Members Representing
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ( SPECIFICA- Ministry of Railways
TION ),RDSO, LUCKNOW
SITRIJ. BAIN Indian Tea Association, Calcutta
SHRI P. R. CHANDRASEK~AR Directorate General of Civil Aviation
SHRI L. N. DOKANIA Federation of Indian Plywood and Panel
Industry, New Delhi
SHRI M. R. MOTAYED ( Alfernate )
DR JOSEPH GEORGE Indian Plywood Industries Research Institute,
Bangalore
DR V. J. VICTOR ( Alternate )
SnRI M. A. ISLAM Forest Department, Government of Assam
SHRI A. K. KADEREUTTY The Western India Plywood Ltd, Baliapatam
SHRI J. S. MATHARU Dirctorate General of Technical Development,
New Delhi
LT-COL S. A. MOHILF. Ministry of Defence ( R&D )
SURI U. B. KANCHAN (Alternate)
SHRI M. R. MOTAYED Plywood Manufacturers’ Association of West
Bengal, Calcutta
SERI S. K. DUTTA (Alternate)
DR A. N. NAYER In Personal Capacity ( C-59 Zndcrpuri, New Delhi
110012 )
SI~RI D. E. NEALE United Planters’ Association of Southern India,
Cochin
DR R. S. RATRA National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
SKRI P. R. RIJHSINQHANI Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquartem
MAJ V. S. RAO ( Allernate )

( Conlinuad on @age 2 )

BUREAU OF INDJAN STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with &itten permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the &d Act.
I I
18 t 9307. ( Parts 1 to VIII ) - 1979

( Centinuedfrmnpage
1)

Members Representing
SHBI S. N. SANYAL Forest Research Institute & Colleges ( Timber
Mechanics Branch ), Dehra Dun
SHRI S~ARAN SIN~H Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals,
New Delhi
Dn S. M. SINQH Cen~~~tr~eiiding Research Institute ( CSIR ),

SHRI ARJ~N DAS ( Alternafe )

SUPEBINTENDIN~ SURPEYOR OB Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
WORKS ( NZ )
SERI H. THOMSON Sitapur Plywood Manufacturers Ltd, Sitapur
SHRI G. W. M. WHITTLE ( Alternate )
SHRI M. S. VAou The South Indian Plywood Manufacturers’
Association, Calicut
SHRI S. pARMEswAnAN ( Alternate )
SERI D. V. VERXA Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
SHRI NIRUL SIN~H ( Alternate )
SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&i0 Member )
Director ( Civ Engg )

Secretary
SHRI J. R. MEHTA
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1

W-ood Products Testing Subcommittee, BDC 20 : 7

Convener
DR V. J. VICTOR Indian. Plywood Industries Research Institute,
Bangalore
Mem hers
DR JOSEPH GEORGE ( Alternate to
Dr V.J. Victor )
ADD:TIONAL DIRECTOR ( TIXBER ) Ministry of Railways ( Railway Board )
JOINT DIRECTOR ( WORKS ) ( Alternate )
SHRI G. P. BOSE The Assam Railway & Trading Co Ltd,
Margherita
SHRX D. R. TANDON ( Alternate )
DIBECTOR, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION Ministry of Defence, Naval Headquarters
SENIOR OFFICER. WARSIZIP
OV~~RSEEINQ TEAM, BOMBAY ( Allernatc )
SENIOR OFFICER, WARSHIP
OVERSEEINQ TEAM, CALCUTTA ( Alfernate )
DE R. N. KUMAR The Western India Plywood Ltd, Baliapatam
SHRI T. K. RAJA~OPAL ( Alternate )
SHRI K. S. LAULY The South Indian Plywood Manufacturers’
Association, Calicut

( Continued on page 33 )

2
 IS : 9307 ( Parts I to VIII ) - 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 30 October 1979, after the draft finalized by the Wood Products
Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division
Council.

0.2 Owing to the extensive use of wood-based structural sandwich

construction a need has arisen to lay down standard methods of tests to
evaluate its physical and mechanical properties. This standard has,
therefore, been formulated to cover the methods of carrying out different
tests on wood-based structural sandwich construction. ‘I‘he standard,
however, does not cover methods of tests for evaluating the physical and
mechanical properties of face or core material separately. Further, it
may not be necessary to carry out all the tests on each construction and
it would be necessary to select those tests which are appropriate to each
end use of the product.

0.3 The number of test specimens and the method of their selection
depend on the purpose of a particular test. However, for the purpose of
comparison of the properties, at least five specimens of a particular type
of construction shall be tested.

0.3.1 When the properties of the components of sandwich constructions

are affected by the moisture, the test specimens shall be conditioned to a
constant weight at a humidity 65 f 5 percent and temperature 27 & 2°C
for the purpose of comparison of the properties.

0.3.2 If’the core or face material show directional characteristics due

to anisotropy, separate test specimens shall be taken in each principal
direction.

3
IS : 9307 ( Parts I to VIII ) A1979

0.4 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to
international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing
in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field
in this country.

0.5 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with

this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded
off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*.

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

4
 IS t 9307 ( Part f ) - 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION
PART I FLEXURE TEST

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part I ) covers -methods of carrying out flexure test
under:
a) Central loading, and
b) Two quarter-span loading ( fourth point ) on wood-based
structural sandwich construction.

2. OBJECT

2.1 Flexure tests on flat sandwich constructions are conducted to deter-

mine flexural and shear stiffness of the constructions, shear modu.lus and
shear strength of the core and strength of facings.

3. TERMINOLOGY

3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 707-
1976* and the following shall apply.

3.1.1 Adhesive - A substance capable of holding materials together by

surface attachment.

3.1.2 Core - Intermediate layer of sandwich construction which is

usually a thick layer of low density material.

3.1.3 Face - The outermost layers. of sandwich construction. These

are thin layers of high density material.

3.1.4 Laminate - A product made by bonding two or more layers

( Laminae ) of material or materials.

3.1.5 Structural Sandwich Construction - A laminae construction corripri-

sing a combination of alternate dissimilar simple or composite materials

*Glossary of terms applicable to timber technology and utilization C second reuision).

5
IS : 9307 ( Part I ) - 1979

assembled and intimately gluedin rotation to each other so as to make

use of the properties of each to attain specific structural advantage for the
whole assembly.

4. FLEXURE TEST UNDER CENTRAL LOADING

4.1 Test Specimen - The test specimen shall Abe rectangular in cross
section. The depth of the specimen shall be equal to the thickness of
sandwich construction, and the width shall not be less than twice the total
thickness, not less than 3 times the dimensions of a core cell, not greater
than one half the span length. The specimen length shall be equal to
span length plus 5 cm or plus one half the sandwich thickness whichever
is greater. ‘The dimensions shall be measured correct to the second place
of centimetre. The span length shall be approximately determined by
the formula:

&EC *fF
S
where
al = span length,
f = facing thickness,
F = allowable facing stress, and
S c allowable core shear stress.

The maximum load which can safely be applied to this specimen is

determined by
Pl=S(h+c)b
where

PI = maximum load,
h = sandwich thickness,
c = core thickness, and
b = sandwich width.

4.2 Procedure -The test shall be conducted on a suitable testing

machine. The specimen shall be placed horizontally on two parallel steel
rollers of diameter not less than half core thickness and not greater than
14 times sandwich thickuess placed at a distance centre to centre equal to
the span length. The load shall be given through another similar roller
at the centre.on a line parallel to end rollers. The load shall be applied
at a constant rate of movement of movable load of the testing machine
such that the maximum load may come in 3 to 6 minutes. The deflection

6
 18 : 9307 ( Part I ) - 1979

shall be measured at the centre to the nearest 0.01 cm by a suitable deflec-

tometer supported by two pins located at the neutral axis of the specimen.
The increment of load shall be so chosen as to get about 12 readings up
to proportional limit. Thin narrow metal plates shall be used under the
central load, and on the top of supporting rollers to avoid local failures.
The maximum load, load and deflection at proportional limit and nature
of failure shall be recorded.
4.3 Properties - The following properties shall be calculated by the
formulae given against them:
*
a) Core shear stress s= (hfi)b“2 Pl

-p1 aI pia1 *
b) Facing stress F
= 2fh+- “4fhb
pla? PlQl
c) Mid-span deflection Wr = --- + I~;N
480
where
PI = load as indicated
D = flexural stiffness calculated as follows:
= E(hs-cJ)b
D
12L
where
E is modulus of elasticity of facings, and
LI= 1 -vs where v is Poisson’s ratio of facings.
JV= Shear stiffness calculated as follows:
G( h + c)*b ~ Gh*b*
N= 4c -

c
where
G = effective core shear modulus.
The other notations are same as mentioned in 4.1.

5. FLEXURE TEST UNDER TWO QUARTER SPAN LOADING

( FOURTH POINT LOADING )
5.1 Test Specimen-The specimen shall be as mentioned in. 4.1 except
the span. The span shall satisfy the conditions given in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.
*If the facings thickness is less than l/10 of core thickness, the second formulae shall
apply.

7
fS : 9307 ( Part I ) - 1979

5.1.1 For determining core shear strength following formula shall apply:

where
a2 - span length,
f= facing thickness,
F= facing stress at proportional limit, and
s= estimated core shear strength.

5.1.2 For determining facing strength the following formula shall apply:
4F
$ > -s-

where
a2 = span length,
f = facing thickness,
F = estimated facing strength, and
S = allowable core shear stress.
5.2 Procedure - The specimen shall be tested according to 4.2 except
that the load shall be given through two similar rollers placed at one
fourth span distance from the two supports on lines parallel to the end
supports, that is, the distance between the loading rollers ( centre to
centre ) is half the span length ( see Fig. 1 ).

LOADING BLOCK

DEFLECTOMETER

FIG. 1 FLEXURE TEST UNDER Two QUARTER-SPAN LOADING

8
 IS : 9307 ( Part I ) - 1979

5.3 Properties -The following properties shall be calculated by the

formulae given against them:

Core shear stress s

Facing stress
P3a3 P3a3
F= 4f(h+c)b =-@‘/ib-
11 P,a,3 Pzae
Mid-span deflection wz = 768-D- -k 8Jlr

The notations are same as mentioned in 4.3,

5.3.1 If deflections of the same sandwich are determined under central

load PI on span al and also under total load Pz applied at two quarter-
span points on span a2, the flexural stiffness D and core shear modulus G
shall be determined as below:

The notations are same as mentioned in 4.3 and 5.3.

5.4 Report - The report shall include the following detai!s:

a) Complete description of sandwich construction including facings,
core material, adhesives, etc;
b) Nature of test, that is, central loading or two quarter-span
loading;
c) Strengths, stiffnesses and other properties, calculated as in 4.3
and 5.3;
d) Description of failure in the specimen, location of failure is, that
is, failure occurred in facings or in core, etc, and order of failures
during test; and
e) Individual strength and stiffness of facing and core material if
available.

9
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
 IS t 9307 ( Part II ) - 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION
PART II EDGEWISE COMPRESSION TEST

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part II ) covers methods of carrying out edgewise

compression test on wood-based structural sandwich construction.

2. OBJECT

2.1 This test provides a basis for judging the load carrying capacity of
the construction in terms of developed facing stresses as compared to the
yield stress of the facings.

3. TERMINOLOGY

3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 9307
( Part I )* shall apply.

4. TEST SPECIMEN

4.1 The test specimen shall be rectangular in cross section. The width of
the specimen shall be at least 5 cm but not less than twice the total thickness
nor less than 2 times the dimensions of core cells. The length ( dimension
parallel to direction of applied load ) shall not be more than 10 times the
total thickness. The dimensions shall be measured correct to 0.01 cm.

5. PROCEDURE
5.1 The specimen shall be placed on the platform in vertical plane and
laterally supported to avoid early buckling failure. End support shall also
be obtained by dipping the ends of. the specimen in a resin, plaster of
paris or suitable moulding material to avoid early end crushing. The load
shall be applied by means of a self-adjusting type of loading head such
that load may be distributed properly and uniformly to each facing. The
rate of loading shall be uniform and shall be such that,the maximum load

*Methods of test for wood-based structural sandwich construction: Part I Flexure

test.

11
IS :9307 ( Part XI ) - 1979

may come between 3 to 6 minutes. Compressive strains shall be measured

correct to 0.001 cm by means of a suitable compressometer having a gauge
length not greater than two-thirds ‘the length of specimen. Increment of
load shall be so chosen as to get about 12’ readings before proportional
limit. The load and compression at proportional limit, load prior to
buckling and maximum load shall be calculated by plotting the load
compression curves. The record of failure shall also be taken,

6. PROPERTIES

6.1 The following properties shall be calculated by the formulae given

against them:
P
a) Facing stress at proportional limit u = __
‘W
Pl
b) Facing stress just before ~buckling q = -
2fb
c) Facing stress at maximum load ua = -
PI
!2fb
P L
cl) Modulus of elasticity of facings
=2fbxw

e) Load carrying capacity

f ) Fixity factor F=d

61
where

P = load at proportional limit,

P1 = load prior to buckling,
Pr = maximum load,
f- facing thickness,
b= width of specimen,
L = length of specimen,
W = compression at proportional limit, and
h = thickness of sandwich construction.
NOTR - Fixity factor indicates the extent to which the core of a given sandwich
construction develops its load carrying capacity up to buckling.

12
 IS : 9307 ( Part II ) - 1979

7. REPORT

7.1 The report shall indicate the following details:

a) The details of sandwich construction including face and core
material, adhesive, etc;
b) Properties as mentioned in 6;
c) Description of failure; and
d) Individual properties of facing and core material.

13
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
 IS t 9307 ( Part III ) - 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION
PARi III FLATWISE COMPRESSION TEST

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part III ) covers methods of carrying out flatwise
compression test.

2. OBJECT
2.1 This test provides information regarding the behaviour of core
material under compressive load.

3. TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 9,307
( Part I )* shall apply.

4. TEST SPECIMEN
4.1 The test specimen shall be IO x 10 cm in, cross section and shall have
full thickness of the sandwich construction. The dimensions shall be
measured correct to 0.01 cm.
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 The specimen shall be placed horizontally on the platform of a
universal testing machine. The load shall be applied through a self-adjus-
ting loading block with a uniform rate of increment of movable head
such that specimen may be compressed to l/l0 of its total thickness in 3
to 6 minutes. Compression shall be recorded by means of a suitable lamp
and scale arrangement correct to 0.01 mm. Increment of load shail be
so chosen as to get about 10 to 15 readings up to proportional limit. The
test shall be continued till the specimen is compressed to l/l0 of its thick-
ness. Load and compression at proportional limit and load at the compres-
sion equal to l/l0 of its thickness and nature of failure shall be recorded.

*Methods of test for wood-basedstructural sandwich construction: Part I Flexure

test.

15
IS : 9307 ( Part III ) - 1979

6. PROPERTIES

6.1 The following properties shall be calculated by the formulae mentioned

against them:

4 Compressive stress at proportional limit = -$

b) Compressive stress at the compression P’

=
equal to l/10 thickness A
P H
4 Modulus. of elasticity e-
AXW1
where
P load at proportional limit,
=
P’ load at the compression equal to l/10 thickness,
=
H thickness of specimen,
=
A =area of cross section, and
WI = compression at proportional limit.

7. REPORT
7.1 The following details shall be recorded in the report:
a) Complete description of sandwich construction including facings
and core material, adhesive etc;
b) Properties as calculated in 6;
c) Description and nature of failure; and
d) Individual properties of core and face material.

16
 IS : 9397 ( Part IV ) c 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION
PART IV SHEAR TEST

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part IV ) covers carrying out shear test on wood-based
structural sandwich construction.

2. OBJECT
2.1 This test evaluates shear stress of the sandwich construction (or core)
parallel to the plane of the facings.

3. TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions covered in IS : 9307
( Part I )* shall apply.

4. TEST SPECIMEN
4.1 The test specimen shall have a thickness equal to the thickness of the
specimen. The width shall be 7 cm or twice thethickness, whichever is
more. The length shall be 12 times the thickness. The dimensions shall
be recorded correct to 0.01 cm.

5. PROCEDURE
5.1 Two steel plates shall be bonded to the facings of the specimen ( see
Fig. 1 ). The thickness of steel plate may be varied in accordance with the
strength of the specimen. The plates shall be bigger than the specimen _
and shall be hung in the length-wise direction in the universal testing
machine in such a way that the shearing plane may pass through diago-
nally opposite edges of the ends of the specimen. The plates shall be pulled
in vertical direction uniformly such that the maximum load may occur in
3 to 6 minutes. Maximum load shall be noted. The details of failure
shall also be noted.

*Methods of test for wood-based structural sandwich construction : Part I Flexure

teat.

17
IS t9307 ( Part IV ) - 1979

UPPER FITTING

-PLANE IN WHlCH THE

LOAD ACTS

/-SANDWICH CORE
MATERIAL

-LOADING PLATE

- LOWER FITTING

FIG. 1 ARRANGEMENTOF APPARATUS AND TEST

SPECIMENFOR SHEAR TEST

18
 IS : -9307( Part IV ) - 1979

6. PROPERTIES

6.1 Maximum shearing stress shall be calculated by the formula given

below:
P
fe = -LT
where
f8 = maximumshearing stress,
P = maximum load,
L = length of specimen, and
b - width of specimen.

7. REPORT

7.1 The following details shall be included in the report:

a) Details of sandwich construction including facings, core and

adhesive, etc;

b) Maximum shear stress;

4 Details of failure; and

d) Individual properties of face and core material.

19
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
 ISr9307(PartV)-1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION

PART V FLATWISE TENSION TEST

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard (Part V ) covers methods of carrying out flatwise

tension test on wood-based structural sandwich construction.

2. OBJECT

2.1 This method covers the procedure for determining the tensile strength
of core or of the bond between core and facings perpendicular to the plane
of the sandwich construction.

3. TERMINOLOGY

3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions covered in IS : 9307
( Part I )* shall apply.

4. TEST SPECIMEN

4.1 The test specimen shall be 10 x 10 cm in cross section and shall have
thickness equal to the thickness of sandwich construction, The dimensions
shall be measured correct to 0.01 cm.

5. PROCEDURE

5.1 Two steel blocks shall be bonded to the facings of the specimen ( see
Fig. 1 ). These blocks shall be hung in universal testing machine in a
horizontal plane through suitable grooves. The blocks shall be pulled
apart uniformly so that the tensile force may be perpendicular to plane of
the specimen and maximum load may come within 3 to 6 minutes. Maxi-
mum load and nature of the failure shall be recorded.

‘Methods of test for wood-based structural sandwich construction: Part I Flexure

test.

21
IS : 9307 (Part V ) - 1979

I
r ,-
STEEL

ADHESIVE
OR ALUMINIUM
BLOCK

DETAIL OF SPECIMEN

TO TOGGLE TO TOGGLE

&A

Lll, --I k-1004

-412+- 90 ------y

t t

DETAIL OF LOADING FIXTURE

All dimenaions in millimetres.
FIG. 1 DETAILS OF SPECIMENAND TYPICAL LOADING FIXTURE
FOR FLATWISE TENSION TEST

22
 IS : 9309 (Part V) - 1999

6. PROPERTIES.

6.1 Maximum tensile strength shall be calculated by the formula given

below:
P
fb= A
where

ft = maximum tensile stress,

P = maximum load, and
A = area of the cross section of the specimen under tension.

7. REPORT
7.1 The following details shall be included in the report:

4 Details of sandwich construction including facings, core and

adhesive;

b) Maximum tensile stress;

4 Details of failure, if sudden or progressive, percentage area of core
failure or glue failure or facings failure, if any; and

4 Individual properties of facings and core material.

23
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
 IS : 9307 ( Part VI ) - 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTR-UCTION
PART VI FLEXURE CREEP TEST

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part VI ) covers methods of carrying out flexure creep
test on wood-based structural sandwich construction.

2. OBJECT

2.1 This test provides a method for studying the behaviour of sandwich
construction under creep. By using standard construction and constant
loading the method may also be used to evaluate creep behaviour of
adhesive used in sandwich construction.

3. TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the -purpose of this standard, the definitions covered in IS : 9307
( Part I )* shall apply.
4. TEST SPECIMEN
4.1 The test specimen shall be as mentioned in 4.1 of IS : 9307 ( Part I )*.
The dimensions shall be measured correct to 0.01 cm.

5. PROCEDURE

5.1 The test specimen shall be simply supported on two horizontal parallel
iron rollers of about 2 cm in diameter placed at a distance centre to centre
equal to the span length (See Fig. 1 ). Loading shall be done at the centre
of the span and along a line parallel to the end either by means of
suitable lever arrangement or by means of similar iron roller carrying
a stirrup. The total load of the roller and stirrup shall not be more
than 400 g. The position assumed under this initial load after a period
of 30 seconds shall he treated as zero condition. Additional weight
such that the total weight is equal to 30 percent of maximum load
calculated according to 4.2 of IS : 9307 ( Part I )* on a similar type of

*Methods oftest for wood-based structural sandwich construction: Part I Flexure

test.

25
IS t 9307 (Part VI ) - 1979

specimen shall .then be suspended from the stirrup or by lever arrange-

ments and instantaneous deflection at the mid-point of the span ( prefer-
ably at the neutral axis) shall be noted by cathetometer or some other
suitable arrangements, correct to 0.01 mm. Deflection shall then be noted
every 10 minutes for about two hours, then every half hour for another
3 hours, then hourly for another 5 hours and then twice daily for about a
week or till failure occurs. A curve between deflection and time is plotted.

P-M--I

1A

r.SPEClMEN

1B

FIG. 1 FLEXURAL CREEP TEST

26
 IS:9307 (PartVI)=l979

NOTE1- If the creep behaviour is required to be studied at different loads, there

shall be expressed as percentage of maximum load calculated ad in 4.2 of IS :,9307
( Part I )e.
NOTE2 -When the test is to be done under elevated temperature the whole
assembly including specimen shall be kept in a chamber maintained at the
required temperature.

6. PROPERTIES
6.1 Creep rate in mm per hour or mm per day shall be calculated for any
portion of the curve ( beyond initial deflection ). For comparison creep
may be expressed as percentage of instantaneous deflection.
4 - 4,
Creep ( percent of instantaneous deflection ) = - x 100 and
4
expressed per given unit time,
where
dt = total deflection under constant load at time f,
d ,, = initial static deflection under the same load and the same
temperature.
dt - d, shall also be plotted against time. This will provide a
&
useful data.

7. REPORT
7.1 The following details shall be included in the report:
a) Details of sandwich construction including facings and core
material, adhesives etc;
b) Temperature and relative humidity at which the test is done;
c) Load [ expressed in percent of maximum load calculated as in 4.2
of IS : 9307 ( Part I )]*;
d) Creep ( percent of instantaneous deflection ) at time t;

e) Observations on the curve between dt - do and t.,

d,
f) Facings and core stresses as in 4.3 of IS : 9307 ( Part I )*;
g) Details of failure, if any; and
h) Individual properties of facings and core.

*Methods of test for wood-based structural sandwich construction : Part I Flexure

test.

27
As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank
 IS : 9307 ( Part VII ) - 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION
PART VII CANTILEVER VIBRATION TEST

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part VII ) covers carrying out cantilever vibration
test on wood-based structural sandwich construction.

2. OBJECT

2.1 This test provides a method of determining modulus of elasticity of the

composite material as a whole in dynamic condition.

3. TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions covered in IS : 9307
( Part I )* shall apply.

4. TEST SPECIMEN
4.1 The test specimen shall be rectangular and shall have thickness equal
to the thickness of sandwich construction. Width shall be 4 cm or equal
to twice the thickness whichever is more. The length shall be equal to
vibrating length plus 5 cm. The vibrating length shall be 50 cm or
14 times the thickness whichever is more. The dimensions including vib-
rating length shall -be measured correct to 0.0 1 cm.

5. PROCEDURE

5.1 The specimen shall be-clamped rigidly in horizontal position at one

end up to 5 cm length, as to provide free oscillations in a cantilever form
on pulling the other end vertically by hand to a slight extent. Additional
weight shall be attached to the free end to the extent as to bring the fre
quency of the whole assembly to a measurable range. The aperiodic time
shall be calculated by measuring the time for 20 oscillations by means of
a stop watch.
-_
*Methods of test for wood-based structural sandwich construction: Part I Flexure
test.

29
is : 9307 ( Part vll ) - 1979

6. PROPERTIES
6.1 Modulus of elasticity ( Af of E) of the specimen under dynamic con-
dition shall be calculated as below:

where
MofE =
1
L o= effective vibrating length,
6= width of the specimen,
h= thickness of the specimen,
I= periodic time,
M= mass of the additional weight, and
MO = mass of the vibrating part ( unclamped ) of the specimen.

7. REPORT
7.1 The following details shall be included in report:
a) Details of sandwich construction including details of facings, core
and adhesive;
b) Modulus of elasticity in dynamic condition of the sandwich cons-
truction as a whole;
c) Individual properties of facings and core; and
d) Modulus of elasticity of the sandwich construction in bending in
static condition [ see 5 of IS : 9307 ( Part I )*I, if calculated.

*Methods of test for wood-based structural sandwich construction : Part I Flexure

test.

30
 IS : 9307 ( Part -VIII .) - 1979

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR WOOD-BASED
STRUCTURAL SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION
PART VIII WEATHERING TEST

I._ SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part VIII ) covers carrying out of weathering test on
wood-based structural sandwich construction.

2. OBJECT

2.1 This method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of

sandwich panel to severe exposure conditions as measured by the changes
in the selected properties of the material after exposure.

3. TERMINOLOGY

3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions covered in IS : 9307
( Part I )* shall apply.

4. TEST SPECIMEN

4.1 The test specimen shall be as specified for the property, the variation
of which is under study.

5. PROCEDURE

5.1 Each specimen shall be subjected to 6 complete cycles of exposure of

any one of the following two cycles. The time interval between the cycles
shall not exceed 30 minutes.

a) Totally immerse the specimen horizontally in water at 49 f 2°C

for 1 hour; 3
b) Spray with steam and water vapour at 93 5 3°C for 3 hours;

*Methods of test for wood-based structural sandwich construction : Part I Flexwe

Xest.

31
 IS : 9307 ( Part VIIl ) - 1979

C) Store at -12 f 3°C for 20 hours at 65 f 5 percent relative

humidity;
d) Heat at 99 & 2°C in dry air;
e) Spray again with steam and water vapour at 93 3 3°C for
3 hours; and
f) Heat in dry air at 99 f 2°C for 18 hours.
CYCLE (B ’
a) Totally immerse the specimen horizontally in water at 49 & 3°C
for 1 hour;
b) Spray with hot water at 71 f 3°C for 3 hours;
c) Store at -40 & ~3°C for 20 hours at 65 5 5 percent relative
humidity;
d) Heat in dry air at 71 f 3°C;
e) Spray again with hot water at 71 f 3°C; and
f) Heat in dry air at 71 & 3°C for 18 hours.

After the completion of the above six cycles of exposure the specimen
shall be conditioned to constant weight at 65 & 5 percent relative humidity
and 27 -& 2°C temperature. Any delamination or damage observed during
weathering cycles shall be noted. The specimen shall then be tested for
the property under study.

6. REPORT
6.1 The report shall contain the following detans:
a) Details of sandwich construction including facings, core and
adhesive;
b) Procedure of weathering, that is, whether the specimen was sub-
jected to severe Cycle A or milder Cycle B;
c) Damages observed during exposure to various cycles;
d) Comparative figures of the specimen with and without weathering;
and
e) Observation on the above comparative figures.

32
 IS 0 9307 ( Parts I to VIII ) l 1979

( ContinuedfromPage 2 )
Members Representing
LT-COL S. A. MOHILE Ministry of Defence ( R&D )
SHRI U. B. KANCHAN ( Alfernatr )
SHRI NIRMAL SINQH Ministry of Defencc ( DGI )
SHRI GULAM ALAM ( Alternate )
SERI A. K. RAMACHANDRAN Mysore Plywoods Ltd, Bangalore
SHRI S. K. RAMAIOORTHY ( Alternate )
~DR R. S. RATRA National Buildings Organization, IWV Delhi
SHRI A. C. MANNAN (Alternate )
SRRI F. C. SHARMA Directorate General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi
SHRI N. K. SHUKLA Forest Research Institute & Colleges ( Timber
Mechanics Branch ), Debra Dun
SHRI V. K. GUPTA ( Alternate )

33
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