‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي‬

‫الجامعة الوطنية‬

‫كلية العلوم الطبية‬

‫قسم الصيدلة‬

‫مستوى ثالث‬

‫ترم اول‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ملخـــص كيمياء دوائية ‪I‬‬

‫اعـــداد مــندوب الدفـعة‬

‫‪/‬‬
‫صيادي جــمال الصـيادي‬
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

Practical medicinal chemistry

‫الحاضرة األولى‬
Introduction

 Medicinal chemistry: - its branch of chemistry that

substance used in medicinal and deal with structure M, O, A
and S,A,R compounds .

 Pharmacopeia: - STD reference for qualitative control of drug

by physical, chemical, and biological properties .

 Limits test: - quantitative test used to identify and control

small quantitative of impurities if present in pharmaceutical
compound .

 Reagent :- are chemical that used in medicine which should be

to definite degree of purity
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

 Types of reagents:-

1) Industrial = commercial
 Low cost
 High impurities
 Ex 30% HCL solution

2) Pure reagent .
 Expensive
 High purity
 Ex HCL 90 – 95%

3) Analytical chemistry.
 Very expensive
 High degree of purity
 Used in micro – identify

4) Pharmaceutical reagent: -
 Good cost
 Controlling impurities but in limit
pharmacopeia
 Used in drug synthesis
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

 Sources of impurities:-
1) During preparation
2) During storage
3) Raw material

 Requirements of limit test

1) Two identical Nessler tube

2) Two solution
3) Reagent
4) The some reagent is used for both STD and test
solution
5) The steps and procedure should be the some time and
at room temperature
6) All solution should be clear
7) In the End : the opalescence or turbidity of both
solution should compare against black back ground
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

 If opalescence or turbidity

STD ≥ test within STD < test

limit

Above the limit

Accepted
Rejected
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

Practical medicine chemistry

‫المحاضرة الثانية‬

Limiest test of CL

 Objective :- identify and determined impurities the allowed

amount of CL impurities

 Principle :- precipitation of CL by AgNO3 soln , presence of dil

HNO3

CL + AgNO3 AgCL w.ppt

 Procedure:- Egyptian pharmacopeia

Oxidizing agent
Sample STD
1. Put 10 mLof sample 1. Put 1 ml of STD
2. 1 mL dil HNO3 2. 1mL dil HNO3
3. Complet to 50 mL by D.W 3. Complet to 50 mL by D. W
4. 1 mL AgNO3 4. 1mL AgNO3 soln Precipitating agent
5. Mix well 5. Mix well agent
6. Allow to stand 5 min and 6. Allow to stand 5 min and protect
from light
protect from the light
. 7. Compere
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

 Sample :- contain CL impurities

 STD :- contain maximum allowed limit of CL impurities

Practical medicine chemistry

‫المحاضرة‬
‫الثالثة‬

Limit test CL+ in colored KMMO4

 Objective :- to determine the CL ions in KMNO4 , its within limits

or above the limits

 Principle :-
 KMNO4 is colored substance which would interfere with
general test limits
 KMNO4 + Ethanol MON4 brown ppt

 Uses:-
 Antiseptic
 Polluted water

 Procedure :-
1. Dissolve 0.35g KMNO4 in 12.5 mL water
2. Add 2mL of Ethanol Oxidizing agent
3. Heat in water both until brown ppt is formed
4. Filtration and take filtrate into nessler tub Chang the color

STD sample
1. 1mL of STD 1. 5mL of sample
2. 1mL dil HNO3 2. 1mL dil HNO3 Oxidizing agent
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

3. Complete to 50mL by water 3. Complete to 50mL by water

4. 1mL of AgNO3 and mix 4. 1mL of AgNO3 and mix
5. Waite 5 min 5.Waite 5 min
6. Compere

Practical medicinal chemistry

‫المحاضرة‬
‫الرابعة‬
Limits test of SO4-2

 objective :- identification and determination the allowed SO4 in sample

 principle :- precipitating of So4-2 ions with Ba+2 in present of dil HCL

solution

 SO4 -2 + Ba+2 dil HCL BaCO4

 Procedure :-

Sample Co solvent STD

1. 10ml of sample 1. 2.5 ml STD

2. 1ml dil HCL adjuvant 2. 1ml dil HCL adjuvant
3. Complete to 50ml by D.T 3. Complete to 50ml by D.T
4. 1ml of BaCL 2 4. 1ml of BaCL 2
5. Mix well Precipitating agent 5. Mix well
6. Stand 5min 6. Stand 5min
7. compere
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

Particle medicine chemistry

‫المحاضرة‬
‫الخامسة‬

Purity test of aspirin

 Limits test of free salicylic acid

Sample STD

1. 0.1 g of aspirin 1. 1ml of A . S A

2. 2-ml of ethanol 2. ethanol
3. Dilute to 50ml by D . W 3. Dilute to 50ml by D . W
4. 1 ml ferric ammonium 4. 1 ml ferric ammonium sulphate
sulphate solution solution
Indictor
5. Stand 5 mint 5. Stand 5 mint
Give color purple

6. compere
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

 Limits test of present CL2- and SO4-2 impurities

 0.5 g of A . S .A
 10ml of D . W not contain impurities
 1 ml conc HNO3 Precipitating agent
 Wait 1min

Filter + take filter

2 -3 drops of AgNO3
1ml BaCL2 solution
solution Precipitating agent

W .ppt No .w .PPt
Immediate No turbidity
turbidity

SO4-2

No impurities
CL not present
CL is present

R Acceptable

Non acceptable Acceptable

 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

Medicinal chemistry

‫المحاضرة‬
‫السادسة‬
Limits test of SO4-2 in sodium thiosulphate

 uses for treatment of cyanide poisoning

 procedure :-

 0.01 g Na2S2O3 powder

 2ml I2 as drops till formed stable faint
yellow color
 Dilute to 20ml by H2O

Sample

Sample
STD

1. 10ml sample
2. 1 ml dil HCL solution 1. 2,5ml of STD
3. Dilute to 50ml by D . W 2. 1 ml dil HCL solution
4. 1 ml BaCL2 solution 3. Dilute to 50ml by D . W
5. Mix well 4. 1 ml BaCL2 solution
6. Stand 5 min 5. Mix well
6. Stand 5 min
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

Precipitating agent

Medicinal chemistry ‫المحاضرة‬

‫السابعة‬
Limit test of iron

 Objective :-
Determine and control the allowed amount of ferric ion, which
may present in pharmaceutical compound

 Principle :- Conc
+3
Fe + SCN [Fe (SCN) 5 ]-2
NHO3

 Procedure:- E .P

Sample STD Oxidizing agent

 5ml of test solution  1ml of STD

 2.5ml conc HNO3 solution  2.5ml conc HNO3 solution
 Dilute to 25 ml by D . W  Dilute to 25 ml by D . W
 2.5ml NH4 solution  2.5ml NH4 solution
 Mix well and stand 2 min  Mix well and stand 2 min

Precipitating agent
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

E.P
 B .P

 Purple color  Red color

 Fe+2 impurities  Fe+3 impurities
 Medium :- alkaline with amm.  Acidic
Citrate  Less stable
 More stable  amm thiocyanate
 Thio glycolic acid solution
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

‫المحاضرة‬
Medicinal chemistry ‫الثامنة‬
‫المحاضرة الثامنة‬
Purity test of sodium salicylate

 Uses :- anti-inflammatory
 White powder
 Structure ……………………….

 Procedure: limits test of CL- and so4 -2

1. 1g sodium salicylate
2. 20ml D .W
3. 2 ml dilute HNO3 Co solvent

 Filter

Limit test of CL- Limit test of SO4 -2

 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

 Free alkali : and limit of acidity

5ml sodium salicylate solution + 15ml H2O

Colorless
3 drops of ph.ph Indict

Pink
Pink
Colorless
Pink
1ml NaoH slon or

Pink
Pink
Pink
or
 ‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬

Medicinal chemistry ‫المحاضرة‬

‫التاسعة‬
Partition co efficient of benzoic acid

 the ratio of conc of unionized cpd disturbed between two liquid

phase ( organic phase and aqueous phase at equilibrium

Conc of compound in octanol

 P. C =
Conc of compound in water

 P . c of benzoic acid

 Fungistatic and used as food preservative

 Moderate pole

 Procedure
1. Wt 5mg of benzoic acid powder
2. Add 30ml water , than 30ml DCM
3. Shake the flask for 15min and leff to separate
4. Separate the DCM in wt beaker
5. Add 0.5 sodium sulphate
6. Evaporate the DCM till dryness
7. After drying , with the beaker
8. Calculate the P.C and log P of benzoic acid
‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬
‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬
‫اعداد مندوب الدفعة \\ صيادي جمال الصيادي‬