6 Unit

1. An ardent supporter of democracy, M. Hrushevsky urged her supporters to

strengthen the idea of Ukrainian statehood as the highest stimulus of public life
that should unite citizens.
2. Public Broadcasting is a vital communication tool that is constantly used by
high-ranking officials to influence public opinion.
3. The fall of powerful totalitarian regimes after World War II intensified the work
of human rights activists, for whom individual liberty was at the forefront of the
value system.
4. Unless the speaker makes convincing and plausible arguments in support of his
position, he will have no influence on the decision-making process.
5. Unfortunately, in a world of modern technology and fast paced life, virtual
reality is replacing living personal communication, creating dependence and
loneliness of the individual.
6. Employers who participated in a recent study have demonstrated that
communication skills are highly valued when hiring new employees.
7. The official's statement failed because he could not formulate his opinion and
explain it clearly.
8. The successful conduct of transactions related to the sale of securities or stocks
means that the stockbroker must take into account the client's wishes.
9. Having worked for more than 10 years as an accountant at a company, she was
promoted and headed the accounting department.
10. Health, family life, success and material well-being are equally important to all
11. Communication is a vital means of understanding between people.
12. A various forms of communication, among them: monologue, dialogue, public
speaking, sign language, body language.
13. In order to express a judgment on any matter, it is necessary to be well
acquainted with the subject of discussion.
14. Employers consider communication skills as the main criteria for the personal
qualities of young professionals.
15. The ability to communicate is at the forefront of representatives of professions
that involve working with people.
16. The Internet and high technology open up new opportunities for humanity, but
nothing will replace personal communication.
17. Recent surveys of representatives of leading companies and NGOs have shown
that public speaking is a necessary part of the work of employees who want to be
promoted.
18. In order for a public statement to sound convincing and plausible, it is
necessary to have a good command of the subject of speech.
19. In a democratic society, the authorities often speak in public in order to have an
impact on public life.
20. Governments seek to influence citizens through their parties and public
speaking.
7 Unit
1. The Constitution of Ukraine provides for equality of all citizens before the law,
regardless of their origin or social status.
2. According to the results of the popular vote, a large number of voters supported
the opposition candidate for president.
3. The negotiations have culminated, particularly when Russia and the US signed
an agreement on cyberspace control.
4. Everyone in the pursuit of happiness has the freedom to choose the occupation
to do his own business.
5. The Orange Revolution had a powerful influence on the development of
democracy in society, contributing to the adherence to democratic ideals and the
promotion of civil liberties.
6. The sovereignty of power belongs to the people who exercise supreme power
through the elected bodies of state power and local self-government.
7. US lawmakers are calling for sanctions against immigrants, as much of ix hopes
to receive citizenship from the US government in the future.
8. If influential officials subordinated their interests to the interests of the
electorate, they would not have been confronted with the problem of the large-
scale uprising of the people who had been bothered by the promises.
9. The coverage of the political situation in the country by the mass media aims to
awaken the national consciousness and push people to action.
10. Beep into the divine nature of the Creator as the supreme law encourages
believers to live and work for the fulfillment of God's commandments.
11. Freedom of expression should be exercised in a democratic society.
12. The head of government declared a state of emergency in the capital due to the
threat of a terrorist act.
13. Legislative, executive and judicial branches guarantee the protection of citizens
in a democratic society.
14. In the pre-Christian era, Greece and Rome were city-states in which direct
democracy existed.
15. In ancient times, ordinary people, including slaves and women, did not have
voting rights and other political rights.
 16. In the XXI century. young people are given the right to choose their own
occupation and take responsibility for their own affairs.
17. The right of citizens to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness is upheld by the
constitution of the country.
18. A truly democratic society empowers citizens to elect a president and
guarantees their constituents free expression of their will.
19. The media play an important role in people's lives and give political leaders the
opportunity to speak to a large audience.
20. The main features of modern democracy include the freedom of the individual,
which allows citizens to shape their careers according to their abilities.
8 Unit
1. Politicians applying for a position use PR services to improve their image and
discredit their opponents.
2. Despite submitting information about the new law in the most advantageous
way, he was still strongly criticized by the opposition.
3. Nowadays, PR, intended for a wide target audience, is the main means of
influencing public opinion.
4. The merchandising and marketing department plays an important role in every
company because it promotes the sale of goods and services to consumers.
5. If the opposition manages to achieve the goals set out in its program, it will gain
more supporters.
6. Charities have to go to PR to find sponsors to fund charity projects.
7. The Allies hope that a no-treaty agreement will foster better understanding and
prestige in the international arena.
8. The election campaign and the black PR clearly show that the moral code is
hardly used in politics.
9. The merger of two consulting firms is not possible without the consent of both
parties.
10. Measures to promote the product not only bring more profit to the companies,
but also contribute to creating a positive business reputation among the customers.
11. A special public relations department was set up to improve the organization.
12. Advertising, publicity, and product promotion are components of marketing.
13. Each organization has a specific organizational structure and corporate culture.
14. Most of the firm's staff work full-time, while some specialists work part-time.
15. The target audience of this advertising campaign is shareholders, buyers,
suppliers and dealers.
16. Writing about the merger of two agencies seeking the commitment of certain
business circles has helped to improve their image.
17. This is a non-profit international women's organization engaged in charitable
activities.
18. The Faculty of International Relations trains young professionals who are
practicing diplomacy or business practitioners and can successfully work with
foreign partners.
19. This profitable project sets out the company's development goals through the
sound recruitment and use of cutting-edge technology.
20. The activities of the advertising company have been severely criticized for
information and violations by employees of the moral code.
9 Unit
1. The law aims to support a peaceful and orderly society, resolve disputes and
facilitate business.
2. Referral to court is a last resort in situations where reconciliation is not possible.
3. Unfortunately, as the current legislation is not perfect, it is necessary to start
with the supreme law and amend the constitution and to review the rules and
regulations of the basic codes.
4. Each of the branches of government has its function: legislative-enacting laws,
executive - ensuring their implementation, judicial response to violations of the
law through penalties or remedies.
5. In today's society, where prejudice, hatred and intolerance of others still prevail,
the protection of human dignity is gaining ground.
6. The accusation of a high official in treason led to his dismissal from office,
confiscation of property and deprivation of the right to hold public office in the
future.
7. Traffic offenses fall into the category of petty crimes and are usually punishable
by a fine, while serious offenses involve imprisonment or even the death penalty.
8. The fact that the number of criminal acts perpetrated by juvenile offenders is
increasing in our time is a cause for grave concern for society.
9. A highly qualified lawyer should be well versed in legal rules and legal
procedures that are different from social norms (customs).
10. All law-abiding citizens are bound by the law.
11. To govern the state, one must have a set of rules and regulations, as well as a
constitution and legislation.
12. Coercive authorities in the state enforce the law through appropriate
punishments and remedies.
13. Common law provides for punishment for petty crimes, serious crimes and
other offenses.
14. Legislators are responsible for developing new laws.
15. Violation of traffic rules is considered to be a neglect of the legal rules
established to maintain road safety.
16. The law includes a huge variety of means of social norms, which are not
always a matter of law enforcement.
17. God's laws, natural laws, and environmental laws are considered the highest.
18. The contentious property issues forced the family to seek legal redress as a last
resort.
19. The excessive emphasis on the formalities of the rules has led to the lack of
legal support for the case in court.
20. In all civilized societies, criminals are punished in accordance with the law.
10 Unit
1. History shows that hostilities are the last resort, provided that the issue of
discussion cannot be settled through diplomatic means.
2. All forms of hostilities - military confrontation, insurrection, coup d'etat,
guerrilla warfare - have one purpose: to bring about political or social change.
3. Throughout its long history, Ukraine has been enslaved by various empires in
order to seize its territory and rich natural resources.
4. If the enemy parties were clearly aware of the great losses each party suffered in
the course of the war, they would find a way out of a hopeless situation.
5. Terrorists often use explosive devices aimed at strategic objects, forgetting that
the most vulnerable are the civilian population.
6. Nuclear warheads launched at distances of several thousand kilometers are
capable of devastating metropolitan areas.
7. The proliferation of nuclear weapons is an insurmountable threat to humanity, as
such weapons are capable of causing death and destruction on a large scale.
8. According to official statistics, the death toll in Ukraine during World War II
reached 8 million.
9. If the offending countries repeatedly violate the international standards
enshrined in international treaties, they shall be excluded in accordance with a
specific procedure.
10. It has been proven that the use of biological weapons leads to serious outbreaks
of deadly diseases, such as smallpox, anthrax or pneumonic plague.
11. The UN peacekeeping force in the conflict zone proved effective and put an
end to the autumn activities.
2. The rebellion led to a fierce guerrilla war.
13. According to competent sources, there was a coup in the country.
14. The civilians resisted the aggressors who sought to seize the territory.
15. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. Lviv was enslaved by the Austro-Hungarian
Empire.
16. During the war, both parties suffer great losses.
17. Experts believe that this war was won by the Allies and the armored vehicles
they supplied.
18. Powerful nuclear explosive devices capable of destroying targets within a large
radius of danger pose a grave threat to humanity.
19. Nuclear energy used for peaceful purposes can also be extremely dangerous for
vulnerable civilians.
20. At the present stage, hostilities between nations equipped with intercontinental
ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons can become an unacceptable crazy choice.